Course Details

How to become an Astronomer in India | Eligibility Criteria, Entrance Exam, Colleges, Skillset

by
How to Become An Astronomer in India

How to Become An Astronomer in India?: For the past few years Indian Space and Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved some of the great feats. If you are one of those who gets fascinated by the infinite number of unknown things existing in space and also want to study all the known celestial bodies such as the Sun, the Moon, Mars, Jupiter and others then you can choose to become an Astronomer. Once you become an astronomer you will get a chance to discover the whole universe. But not everyone can become an astronomer. There are certain challenges that you need to overcome but the career is lucrative and highly rewarding. In this article we will be discussing everything that you need to know in order to become an astronomer in India.

Refer to Course Details to know more about related courses and find details like Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, etc.

What is the Job of an Astronomer?

Before discussing the job of an astronomer it is better to know about the subject itself, astronomy. Astronomy is one of the oldest branches of Science. In the field of astronomy collective knowledge of Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry is required. In the modern day and age astronomy has two distinct divisions and they are – Theoretical astronomy and the other one is Observational astronomy.

  1. Theoretical astronomy: In this field of astronomy several astronomical phenomena and position of celestial or cosmic objects are explained using analytical methods.
  2. Observational astronomy: All the possible data is collected of the universe that we can observe. Usually in an observatory a group of astronomers work together to observe objects such as stars, other galaxies and black holes et cetera.

An astronomer is someone who studies the whole universe and everything that is in contact with our own solar system. In short it can be said that the subject deals with everything beyond the atmosphere of the planet earth.

Eligibility Criteria to Become an Astronomer

The eligibility criteria may differ on the basis of the institution that you will choose to join. Some of the basic requirements are –

  • A candidate needs to complete the 10+2 level with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics as core subjects.
  • You as an Aspiring astronomer need to select the field. The available options are Instrumental, Theoretical and Observational Astronomy.
  • If you are looking to be in the field of engineering then you can choose to go become an Instrumental or experimental astronomer.
  • In the field of Observational astronomy a candidate needs to choose at least one subject from the science stream.
  • In order to become an instrumental astronomer an aspirant needs to have a full time Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) degree in electronic communication.
  • A candidate can pursue a career in Theoretical astronomy only after completing the PhD in Physics.
  • To join any one of the courses in Astronomy a candidate needs to clear the entrance examination first. Only then on the basis of the rank obtained can he or she get a seat in any one of the institutions that offer the courses.

Entrance Exam for Astronomy Courses

Entrance Examinations are held across all over India every single year. By clearing the examination you can join any one of the reputed institutions.

  1. Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) examination: Candidates will be selected in the Indian Institute of Astrophysics after Joint entrance screening.
  2. After the completion of masters degree in Physics, Computer science, Astronomy, you can join a full time doctoral program in Interuniversity Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA). A candidate needs to clear UGC-Net, GATE et cetera.
  3. Other than that you can also choose to give Joint Entry Selection Test (JEST), Joint Astronomy Program Test (JAP).

You can also choose to join an Autonomous Research Institutions (ARI)

Colleges for Astronomy Course

Just like any other courses, astronomy courses are also offered at various levels. Three most popular courses at Bachelor degree level are –

  1. Bachelor of Science in Astrophysics – Course duration is 3 years.
  2. Bachelor of Science in Astronomy – Course duration is 3 years.
  3. Bachelor of Engineering – Course duration is 3 years.

Popular courses at masters degree level are –

  1. Master in Astronomy
  2. Master of Science in Astronomy

PhD courses that you can pursue after the completion of master’s degree are –

  1. Doctorate in Astronomy
  2. Doctorate in Astrophysics
  3. Doctorate in Atmospheric Sciences

Integrated courses are also available in this field. They are –

  1. M.Tech-PhD integrated programme in Astronomical instruments
  2. Integrated M.Sc and PhD. Programme in Astrophysics.

Colleges that you can join to pursue any one of the bachelor degree course programmes.

  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Chennai
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – New Delhi.
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Kanpur
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Mumbai
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Kharagpur
  • Birla Institute of Technology and Science (INTSTB) – Pilani
  • National Institute of Technology (NIT) – Tiruchirapalli
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Guwahati

After becoming a graduate from any one of these institutions you can choose to do masters in the same field from the following institutions.

  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – New Delhi
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) – Kanpur
  • Indian Institute of Technology, Madras (IITM) – Chennai
  • Indian Institute of Science (IIAS) – Banglore
  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT BHU)-Varanasi
  • Indian Institute of Technology – Mumbai
  • Indian Institute of Technology – Guwahati

Skills Required to Become an Astronomer

In order to become an astronomer a candidate needs to possess certain skills. They are –

  • Scientific Knowledge: Adequate knowledge about all the scientific rules, hypotheses and phenomena is required to solve various types of problems.
  • Emphasis on Mathematics: Ability to solve complex mathematical problems.
  • Formation of Strategy: He or she should be able to form strategies by following all the instructions in any given situation.
  • Active Learning: An aspiring astronomer should have the capability to understand the complex mechanisms that he or she needs to deal with in the field of astronomy. This knowledge can only be provided in an observatory. So, Active learning capability at that very moment becomes necessary.
  • Good Listener: An astronomer must be a good listener as while working he or she will receive a lot of instructions which need to be listened to very carefully without wasting any kind of time.
  • System Evaluation and Analysis: Performance of every single working system in an observatory needs to be measured and after this evaluation, one also needs to analyse them.
  • Decision Making: As an astronomer on most occasions you will have a lot of options in front of you. You must have the ability to choose the right path for you.
  • Human Resource Management: If you are posted in the top position of an observatory then there will be several people working under you. You have to keep them motivated for work and also have to select the best people for a job.
  • Operation Analysis: To create an effective design of a product, you as an astronomer need to analyse the operation first. Only then you can have an idea about your requirements.
  • Financial Resource Management: Every single country has a set budget that astronomers can spend every year to discover space. You as an astronomer also need to keep an eye on the financial resources that you have.

Also, See:

Career Prospects of an Astronomer

Seats in the institutions in India are limited. So, if you want to study Astronomy or Astrophysics you need to go to IIST and have to study physical science. You can also choose to study from a foreign university but the fees will definitely be more. In India after completion of the course most of the Astronomers choose to join Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

You can join ISRO just after the completion of your bachelor degree. But if you choose to join international space research organisations such as NASA or CERN then you need to do your masters and it is better to complete the PhD. Start your career at any one of the space research organizations as an astronomer and you will always have a chance to improve and move forward in your career.

How to become an Astronomer in India

Recruiters of an Astronomer

Mainly space research organisations recruit astronomers. Other than that job profiles are –

Senior Technical Writer

  • Director Planetarium
  • Professor
  • Meteorologist
  • Researcher
  • Climatologist
  • Aeronautical Engineer
  • Astronomer
  • Astrophysicist

You can choose any one of these from the above mentioned jobs as all these jobs come with a lucrative salary package. You will get an impressive starting salary and the salary will increase with every passing year if you keep up your performance.

Salary That an Astronomer Can Expect

Depending on the field of study and degree you possess you can join a job. With the increasing experience and possessed skill set your salary will increase. In the beginning you can expect an annual salary of 1550000n USD.

Final Words on How to Become An Astronomer in India?

Some of the most eminent astronomers in the history of this world are Sir Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, Christiaan Huygens, Charles Messier and others. Your name will be etched in golden letters with all these famous people if you manage to discover something unknown in space. Hope this article has proven to be helpful for you and you have gained an idea about the career of an astronomer in India. So, if you are willing to pursue a career in Astronomy do not hesitate to do that as a bright future will be waiting for you ahead.

How to become A Lawyer in India | Course Duration, Fees, Colleges, Job Opportunities, Salary

by
How to become A Lawyer in India

Choosing your profession as a Lawyer in India is a great choice since it is one of the respected professions. It is estimated that nearly 2.5 percent of the Indian population is looking for justice.

Being a lawyer necessitates knowledge of the law as well as the culture and hierarchy of society. A lawyer should have a basic understanding of human psychology, and the basic requirements for becoming a lawyer are an undergraduate Law degree and passing the BAR council exam or the state BAR council exam. In this article, we will discuss everything about how to become a lawyer in India, the advantages, salary, and pay scale of a lawyer, and many other things. Read further to find more.

Table of Contents

How to Become a Lawyer in India?

We all know how difficult it is to become a powerful lawyer. As a result, one should consider their options carefully before pursuing a profession as a lawyer. To be a successful lawyer, you must be a dedicated and hard worker.

Law encompasses a wide range of topics, including legislation, briefs, and the administration of justice. Lawyers are among the forerunners of this system, and they have numerous passions and objectives in the subject of law. The lawyer is an essential component of the system, and their dedication and perseverance have improved many lives and served justice.

List of Law Courses to Pursue

There are several law courses to pursue in the country. Each course has its own scope and career prospects. Have a glance at the list courses list. They are as follows

  • Law Courses After 12th
  • LLB After Graduation
  • Diploma in Law Courses
  • Integrated Law Courses
  • Online Law Courses
  • Law Certification Courses
  • Distance Law Courses
  • Short Term Law Courses in India
  • Postgraduate Law Courses

Law Course Duration

LLB is one of the most common courses opted by students. The undergraduate program lasts around 3 years. Candidates who want to pursue a master’s degree can go for LLM and the master’s duration will not last long more than 2 years.  However, some colleges will have 1 year too for masters. Integrated Program for LLB lasts around 5 Years.

Top Law Colleges in India

Students can fulfill their dream of becoming Lawyers by joining the top law colleges. Here is a list of some of the popular colleges in the country. They are as such

  • Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
  • National Law School of India University, Bangalore
  • National Law University, New Delhi
  • Symbiosis Law School, Pune
  • National Law University, Jodhpur
  • Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat
  • NALSAR Law University, Hyderabad
    National Law University, Cuttack
  • Indian Law Institute, New Delhi
  • Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar
  • National Law Institute University, Bhopal
  • National University of Advanced Legal studies, Kochi
  • Chanakya National Law University, Patna
  • Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai
  • Dr Ram Manahor Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow
  • Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala
  • Faculty of Law University of Delhi
  • The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata
  • Indian Law Society Law College, Pune

Get to know several Course Details belonging to different categories all in one place and take a wise decision regarding the course you opt.

Entrance Exams for Law Courses

To get into the Law Courses one needs to appear for Entrance Exams. Here is the list of Entrance Exams needed to get Admission into the course. They are as follows

  • AILET Exam
  • LSAT Exam
  • CLAT Exam
  • SET Exam

Qualities Required to be a Lawyer in India

When a lawyer accepts a case, the client’s faith is placed in the lawyer and his ability to win the case. Some of the qualities that a lawyer must possess are as follows,

  • Communication skills
  • Ability to make judgments
  • Analytical skills
  • Research skills
  • People skills
  • Perseverance
  • Creativity based skills

Also, Refer:

Skills Required to Become a Lawyer in India

To fight, win against an opponent, impress a judge, and save their client, the lawyer must have a wide range of skills. For a candidate to become a lawyer, the following skills must be practiced,

  • Oral communication
  • Written communication
  • Client service
  • Time management
  • Analytical and logical research
  • Legal research
  • Knowledge about the present technology

How to Become a Lawyer in India?

Below are the steps to become a lawyer,

Step-1: When to choose a lawyer as your profession?

To become a lawyer, students must choose between two paths: after high school (12th std) or after graduation. The following are the specifics of the options available to students:

Pursuing law after 12th:

If a student is serious about becoming a lawyer, he or she can prepare for any bachelor’s degree in law after the 12th standard.

  • They can apply for an LLB (legal bachelor’s degree). The Bar Council of India recognizes these qualifications.
  • If the student is aiming to pursue Law degree in the top institute, then he/she will have to prepare for competitive entrance exams such as CLAT, LSAT.

Pursuing law after graduation:

After graduation, if a student wishes to pursue a law career in a specific subject, he or she must first obtain a degree.

  • Most law schools accept any bachelor’s degree, however, students who want to be business lawyers may need an undergraduate degree in a business field.
  • In addition, the majority of law schools in India prioritized CLAT/LSAT-India entrance scores.

Step-2: Qualification for becoming a lawyer

Students’ applications will benefit from their exam results. As a result, make sure to keep the percentage above 55%. Top law schools require a graduate percentage of 85 percent or higher with eligible entrance scores.

After selecting an option from the list above, learn about the entrance exams available to become a lawyer and prepare to take them. The following are the details of the law exams available,

CLAT Exam:

The Common-Law Admission Test (CLAT) is the primarily written examination that allows students to gain admission to one of India’s 21 National Law Universities for law courses such as LLB and LLM. The exam is only for Indian nationals and NRIs. If the student is a foreign national who wishes to study law in India, he or she should contact the university to inquire about international student admission.

The highlights of the CLAT exam are listed below,

  • The CLAT exam pattern includes English Comprehension, General Knowledge and Current Affairs, Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability), Legal Aptitude, and Logical Reasoning.
  • To apply for an undergraduate law course, you must have a minimum of 45 percent on your 12th exam.
  • A bachelor’s degree in a relevant field with a minimum of 50 percent aggregate from any recognized university is required for admission to a postgraduate program.

LSAT Exam:

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a standardized law exam that is given six times a year. The LSAT exam assesses candidates’ critical and analytical abilities. LSAT scores are required for admission to higher-ranking universities all over the world.

The key differences between LSAT India and LSAT Abroad are listed below,

  • The Law School Admission Council developed the LSAT India as a standardized test for admission to India’s top law schools. LSAT India is held once a year.
  • LSAT Abroad, also known as the LSAT, is a standardized test developed by the Law School Admission Council for admission to the world’s top law schools, excluding India. The LSAT is given four times a year (in February, June, September/October, and December).

Step-3: How to Apply for the Entrance Exam?

Below are the process for the entrance exam,

Register for Exam:

  • Go to the official website and register for the exam. If you want to become a lawyer within a few years of graduating, apply for the exam in September/October of your degree last year.

Prepare for Exam:

  • You need to prepare on logical reasoning, analytical & aptitude skills, and reading comprehension for clearing the CLAT exam.
  • The CLAT exam consists of five sections of multiple-choice questions, with students receiving one point for each correct answer and minus 0.25 point for each incorrect answer.
  • Use the previous year’s CLAT question paper to practice mock tests from a third-party website.

CLAT Examination:

  • CLAT is a two-hour exam and will be held only once a year.
  • The CLAT score will have a one-year validity period.

Reappear if you’re not satisfied with the score:

  • Don’t worry if one fails or is dissatisfied with the results. Age is just a number here because there is no age limit to study law in India.
  • Law schools need CLAT scores of 50 percent or above. If you don’t get that score, apply for the exam next year, as there are no limits on the number of attempts.

Step-4: Apply for Law School Admission

Students can apply to the law school of their choice after passing the entrance exams. Students have no limitations when it comes to applying to law schools. You can apply to as many good universities as you like that fall within your scoring range. It has the potential to increase your acceptance rate.

Step-5: The following Admission to Law School

Become a full-time worker:

  • You must showcase your complete dedication to becoming a lawyer.
  • Make sure to enroll in a full-time program and focus on your studies. Being a full-time student will help you stay focused on your dream of becoming a lawyer.

Clear BAR Exam:

  • The State Bar Council administers the bar test in each state. To practice law in a specific state, graduates must pass the bar exam.
  • They can apply for the All India bar council exam conducted by the Bar Council of India.
  • Register for the bar exam, get the necessary resources, then study for the exam. Visit the respective state’s bar exam website. For example, if you want to become a lawyer in the Karnataka state, then you will have to enroll in the Karnataka bar exam
  • Graduates must undergo character and fitness evaluation after passing the bar test.

Step-6: Look for A job

Apply for on-campus and off-campus interviews:

  • Begin your job search early by working as a clerk during semester breaks. It may not pay well, but it provides you with excellent networking opportunities with lawyers. You have the authority to choose which law you will follow.
  • In your final year, don’t forget to apply for campus placements and off-campus internships. Bring your resume and other graduation documents with you.

Look for student-alumni networks:

  • Your college study groups and alumni networks are great places to start. So make contact with the alumni and look for jobs through them.

Volunteer work:

  • Volunteer work may not pay well, but it will provide you with valuable experience. Start doing volunteer work after graduation to become a good lawyer and get an appropriate answer to this question.
  • Volunteering allows you to keep your skills up to date, and graduates can include them on their resumes.

Types of Lawyers in India

The following is a list of the various job roles lawyers,

  • Intellectual Property Lawyer
  • Personal Injury Lawyer
  • Bankruptcy Lawyer
  • Family Lawyer
  • Employment Lawyer
  • Mergers and Acquisition Lawyer
  • Immigration Lawyer
  • Criminal Lawyer
  • Digital media and Internet Lawyer
  • Medical and Malpractice Lawyer

How to become A Lawyer in India

Lawyer Salary In India

In India, a lawyer earns between INR 3 and 5 Lakhs per year on average. However, depending on specializations and experience, a lawyer’s salary can range from INR 5 Lakhs to INR 1 Crore for a single court appearance, according to a survey.

Criminal lawyers typically earn between INR 6 and INR 8 lakhs per year, whereas intellectual property lawyers can earn up to INR 3,000,000 per year.
A corporate lawyer makes an average of INR 7 Lakh per year, while a legal manager makes an average of INR 8 Lakh per year.

We have updated the below table with the most recent results of types of lawyers and salaries in India.

how to become lawyer

Lawyer’s Responsibilities

A lawyer’s duties and responsibilities include the following,

  • Attending court hearings with preparation
  • Contract and legal document drafting
  • Providing general legal advice and explaining the law
  • resolving disputes and overseeing any agreements
  • Investigating and gathering evidence
  • Legal document analysis
  • Managing legal assistants
  • Case management in the manner of a diplomat
  • Providing evidence to back up accusations
  • Defending as well as Prosecuting
  • Paying attention to the Plaintiff’s demands and requests

Now that you have an idea of how to become a lawyer in India. For with, start preparing for CLAT, LSAT, and other top universities entrance exams to grab a seat and become a successful lawyer in India.

FAQs on How to Become a Lawyer in India

1. How many years does it take to become a lawyer in India?

To pursue LLB or Undergraduate Degree it takes around 3 years. For Masters Programme the course duration is 2 years. However, for an Integrated Law Programme, the course duration is about 5 years.

2. Can I do LLB after 12?

Yes after completing your 12th standard you can opt for an LLB.

3. Which stream is best for a Lawyer?

Arts or Commerce can be the best stream if you want to become a Lawyer.

4. Is studying LLB Difficult?

Compared to any other courses studying LLB is easy and interesting as it majorly deals with Social Science Subject.

GRI Institute Courses And Syllabus 2022 | Gandhigram Rural Institute Courses

by
GRI Institute Courses And Syllabus

Check out the GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus 2022. Candidates who have got admission to GRI Institute are searching for the GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus details 2022. (பாடநெறிகள் மற்றும் பாடத்திட்டம்)So, in this article, I am going to give detailed information about the GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus. Here you can also check the Syllabus for all the courses semester wise. The details of various academic programs offered by Dr.MGR University are also mentioned in this article. The Syllabus for UG, PG, PhD courses is also provided on our website.

This Institute offers various courses under UG, PG, M.Phil, PhD level. This Institute is a Deemed University and delivers Diploma, Under Graduate, Post Graduate programs, M.Phil. and PhD. in various disciplines of Science, Social Science, Agriculture, Public health, Rural Industries, etc. Admission to various courses is done through an entrance test conducted by the university.

GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus 2022

University Gandhigram Rural Institute
Location Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India
Offered Courses UG, PG and PhD Courses
Website www.ruraluniv.ac.in
Courses and Syllabus Available Now

GRI Institute Course Details

PhD. M Phil Programmes (Two Semester)

  • M.Phil. Tamil
  • M.Phil. English
  • M.Phil. Micro-Level Planning
  • M.Phil. Research & Development
  • M.Phil. Development Sociology
  • M.Phil. Futurology
  • M.Phil. Economics
  • M.Phil. Development Administration
  • M.Phil. Food Science and Nutrition
  • M.Phil. Women’s Studies
  • M.Phil. Chemistry
  • M.Phil. Energy
  • M.Phil. Physics
  • M.Phil. Computer Science

Post Graduate Programmes (Four Semesters)

  • M.A. of Tamil & Indian Literature
  • M.A. English & Communicative Studies
  • M.A. Hindi
  • M.A. Human Resource and Conflict Management
  • M.A. in Rural Development
  • M.A. Economics
  • M.Com. Cooperative Management
  • M.Sc. Mathematics
  • M.Sc. Physics
  • M.Sc. Chemistry
  • M.Sc. Botany
  • M.Sc. Zoology
  • M.Sc. Food Science and Nutrition
  • M.Sc. Microbiology
  • M.Sc. Geo-informatics
  • M.Sc. Information Technology
  • M.Sc. Applied Geology and Geomatics
  • PG Diploma Programmes (Two Semesters)
  • Sanitary Inspector’s course
  • Spatial Technologies
  • M.Com. Cooperative Management
  • PG Diploma Programmes (Two Semesters)
  • Sanitary Inspector’s course
  • Spatial Technologies

Post Diploma

  • Commercial Horticulture

5 Year Integrated Programme (Ten Semesters)

  • M.A. Development Administration (5 Year Integrated)
  • M.A. Sociology (5 Year Integrated)

Under Graduate Programmes (Six Semester)

  • B.Sc. Mathematics
  • B.Sc. Physics
  • B.Sc. Chemistry
  • B.Sc. Home Science
  • B.Sc. Textiles and Fashion Design
  • B.A. Gandhian Social Work
  • BBA
  • B.Com. Cooperation

Diploma Programmes (Four Semesters)

  • Agriculture
  • Textile Technology

Professional Courses (AICTE/ ICAR/ UGC/ NCTE Approved)

  • B.Tech. Civil Engineering (8 Semester)
  • M.Tech. Renewable Energy
  • B.Sc. Agriculture (8 Semester)
  • MCA (6 Semester)
  • MBA
  • B.Ed. (Two years)
  • B.Sc., B.Ed. (Four years Integrated)
  • M.Ed. (Two years)

Kasual Kendra – Skill Based Programmes

  • PG Diploma in Yoga Education
  • B.Voc – Farm Equipment and Maintenance
  • B.Voc – Footwear and Accessories Design
  • B.Voc – Dairy Production and Technology
  • Diploma in Two Wheeler Mechanism and Maintenance
  • Certificate Course in Two Wheeler.

See More:

GRI Institute Syllabus

Here we are going to provide the syllabus for all departments of all Courses. Here is the Syllabus for all courses offered by the University. Here are the files provided, you can just download the PDF files by the links available by clicking on it. These Syllabus PDF will also be available in the official website of the GRI University. Candidates who want to prepare for the exams must first know the Syllabus.

Gandhian Studies

Sociology

Political Science and Development Administration

Department of Education

Department of Rural Industries and Management

Department of Economics

Department of Cooperation

Department of Maths

Department of Physics

Department of Biology

Department of Home Sciences

Department of Computer Science and Applications

Department of Rural Technology

Department of Rural Energy

Department of Applied Geology

Department of Agriculture and Animal Sciences

How to Check out the Syllabus?

  • Visit the official website of the institute – www.ruraluniv.ac.in
  • Click on “Faculty” tab on the homepage.
  • Here you will find the list of departments of all courses.
  • Click on any of the department for which you want to view the syllabus.
  • You will be directed to a new page.
  • Click on “Programmes” tab on the left side of the page.
  • Here you can download the syllabus of the subjects.

GRI Institute Courses

FAQs on GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus

1. Where do I get the GRI Institute Courses List?

You can find the GRI Institute Courses List on our page.

2. How to download GRI Institute Syllabus of Various Departments?

All you need to do is click on the quick links available for various departments to download and you can make use of them as reference.

3. Where do I get the detailed procedure to download the GRI Institute Syllabus?

You can find Step by Step Process to download the GRI Institute Syllabus on our page.

Final Words

We have provided GRI Institute Courses and Syllabus 2022 in this article. Students are requested to share this article with their friends. Students who want to know more details about the Courses & Syllabus can visit the Official website or keep visiting our website for the updates.

How to become Income Tax Officer in India | Eligibility Criteria, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, Selection Process, Salary

by
How to become Income Tax Officer in India

These days youth are mainly focussing and showing their interest to do government jobs. Once after completion of their graduation, they start searching for government jobs as per their skill set or preference. In those government jobs, one of them is an income tax officer (ITO). A career as an income tax officer is the most prestigious job offered by the central government through the examinations.

In this article, we are going to discuss “How to become an income tax officer in India”, eligibility criteria, exams, and role of an income tax officer, and many more. Read the article thoroughly to understand the complete process to become an income tax officer.

How to become an Income Tax Officer?

If you want to become an income tax officer, first you need to complete your bachelor’s degree. Then you will have two main examinations in India are the SSC CGL Examination. SSC CGL exam is conducted for Grade B and Grade C inspectors for the department of income tax which comes under the central government. We are providing you the eligibility criteria, examination structure, and selection process that will guide you towards your dream.

Income Tax Officer Eligibility Criteria

If you want to be eligible for the post of income tax officer, you must fulfill the following eligibility criteria including qualification and age limit.

Educational Qualification for Income Tax Officer

The candidate must complete his/her bachelor’s degree from a recognized university.

Age Limit

The age group for enrolling for the income tax officer position via the SSC CGL exam is 21- 27 years of age. And for some categories, we have age relaxations.

We will see that list in below table:

Category Age Relaxation
OBC 3 Years
SC/ST 5 Years
PH+GEN 10 Years
PH+OBC 13 Years
PH+ SC/ST 15 Years
Ex – Servicemen(Gen) 3 Years
Ex – Servicemen(OBC) 6 Years
Ex – Servicemen(SC/ST) 8 Years

Candidates should also fulfill the physical standard and physical fitness requirements. We have separate requirements for male and female candidates.

Male Candidates

Physical requirement:

Height – 157.5 cms

Chest – 81 cms

Physical fitness:

Walking: 1600 meters in 15 minute

Cycling: candidates must ride 8 kilometers in 30 mins.

Female Candidates

Physical Requirement:

Height – 152 cms

Weight – 48 kgs

Physical Fitness:

Walking: candidates must walk 1Km in 20 minutes

Cycling: candidates must ride 3kms in 25 minutes.

Selection Process to become Income Tax Officer in India

The selection process for the SSC CGL examination has 4 stages. You need to qualify in all these stages and followed by an interview, physical requirement, physical fitness, and medical test. Now we will look into the stages to qualify for an income tax officer post in India.

Tier Type Mode
Tier – I Objective Multiple Choice Computer-Based(Online)
Tier – II Objective multiple choice Computer-Based(Online)
Tier – III Descriptive Paper in English / Hindi Pen and Paper Mode
Tier – IV Skill Test/ Computer Proficiency Test Wherever possible

SSC CGL Examination Pattern

As we have seen above there will be 4 stages in this SSC CGL exam. I am going to discuss the syllabus you need to read for these exams. You can prepare from the SSC CGL Books to be well versed with all the topics.

First, we will see Tier – I exam pattern and also exam syllabus

Subject Number of questions Marks Duration
General Intelligence and General Awareness (Part A) 100 100 2 Hours
Arithmetic (Part B) 100 100 2 Hours

Tier-II Exam Pattern

Subject Marks Duration
General Studies 200 3 Hours
English 100 2 Hours 20 Minutes
Arithmetic 200 4 Hours
Language 100 2 Hours 40 Minutes
Communication Skills and Writing 200 2 Hours 20 Minutes

Candidates qualified in the Tier – II exam will write the SSC CGL Tier – III exam consisting of a written exam where candidates will be required to appear for a descriptive test. Get the details of the SSC CGL Tier – III Exam Pattern.

Tier Scheme of Examination Maximum Marks Time Allocated
Tier – III Descriptive Paper in
English or Hindi
(Writing of Essay/ Precis/
Letter/ Application, etc.)		 100 60 Minutes For VH/ OH (afflicted
with Cerebral Palsy/
deformity in writing
hand- 80 Minutes

How to become Income Tax Officer in India

How many marks do you need to get for an Income Tax Officer Post?

If you need an income tax officer post you need to get the highest marks in Tier – I, Tier – II, Tier – III. The maximum marks you need to get in Tier – I + Tier – II + Tier – III is 700. Due to high power and good pay scale, many of them show interest in this post. So, the cutoff will be high. Try to be consistent with your preparation and strengthen your weak areas in order to be among the top scorers to get this post.

Also, Check:

  • How to become an IPS Officer in India
  • How to become an IRS Indian Revenue Service Officer in India
  • How to become a PCS Officer in India

Income Tax Officer Syllabus

The student who comes under the eligibility criteria and gets selected for the exam can refer to the Income-tax officer exam syllabus. I have mentioned a few syllabus details below which will give you an idea of which kind of topics you have to cover for the income tax officer exam. The syllabus pattern usually gets changed as per the requirement. So, in my opinion, before starting preparation for ITO better follow the updated exam pattern for the best result.

Income Tax Officer Syllabus Topics
Reasoning
  • Logical Sequence of Words
  • Visual Memory
  • Problem Solving
  • Figure Classification
  • Analysis
  • Coding-Decoding
  • Number Ranking
  • Relationship Concepts
  • Verbal & Figure Classification
  • Number Series
  • Judgment
Numerical Aptitude
  • Simplification
  • Number System
  • Percentage
  • Decimal and Fractions
  • Ration & Time
  • Time and Distance
  • Data Interpretation
  • Averages
  • Profit and Loss
  • Fundamental Arithmetical Operations
English
  • Articles
  • Verbs
  • Adverbs
  • Vocabulary
  • Synonyms
  • Grammar
  • Unseen Passages
  • Antonyms
  • Comprehension
General Awareness
  • Culture
  • Indian Constitution
  • Economic Scene
  • History
  • Current Events
  • Sports & Games
  • Abbreviations
  • General Politics

Key Skills needed for becoming an Income Tax Officer

Below are some of the skills you need to require to become an income tax officer in India.

Communication Skills: As an Income Tax Officer you will be required to communicate with accountants, companies, lawyers, and colleagues. Effective communication is the main aspect of this career.
Numerical Ability: Income Tax Officer is required to assess the financial information of individuals, businesses, government, and public professionals.
Time Management: Income Tax Officer often requires to work for extra hours in the completion of the financial year. He or she is responsible for ensuring the ITR filed by assesses is accurate and there is any fraud of hiding assets involved.
Attention to Detail: Income Tax Officer requires to pay attention to detail in order to investigate, survey, rectify and assess Income Tax.

Income Tax Officer Salary in India

The in-hand salary for an income tax officer lies in the range of 57000 to 66000. But the salary of an income tax officer may vary from city to city. Once we will look into the structure of an income tax officer post.

Particulars Amount
Payscale Rs 47,600 to 1,51,100
Grade Pay 4,800
Basic Pay Rs 47,600
HRA (depending on the city) X Cities (24%) 11,424
Y Cities (16%) 7,616
Z Cities (8%) 3,808
DA (Current – 17%) 8,092
Travel Allowance Cities – 3,600, Other Places – 1,800
Gross Salary Range (Approx) X Cities 70,716
Y Cities 66,908
Z Cities 63,100

FAQs on How to become Income Tax Officer in India

1. Is an income tax officer a good job?

In a career as an income tax officer, you need to do both desk work as well as exciting fieldwork. An income tax officer job role is considered a reputable and most demanding role. It provides a proper work-life balance.

2. What is the age limit for an income tax officer?

The age limit for income tax officers should not exceed more than 30 years.

3. What exam should I take to become an income tax officer?

You must appear for the SSC CGL examination to get the post of income tax inspector.

Summary

We hope everyone you have got the answer to having doubts about eligibility, examinations, and syllabus you need to read. As, I am concluding this article here, Still if you have any other doubts about the topics we have covered above you can comment below.

HNGU Courses And Syllabus 2022 – Download UG/PG Syllabus PDF

by
HNGU Courses

HNGU Courses: Check out Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Courses and Syllabus 2022. Candidates can check the necessary details about Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University courses and syllabus 2022. Here we have given courses and also syllabus for UG, PG, Doctorate programs and other important details (HNGU पाठ्यक्रम और पाठ्यक्रम). Here we also gave semester wise Subjects which helps the candidate in providing information. Also, check various academic programs offered by Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University. The Institute invites applications from candidates who have completed or are likely to complete the required courses this academic year.

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University has been Accredited By NAAC with ‘A’ Grade. HNGU offers various Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Diploma, Certificate, and Doctoral Programs. Admission for these courses will be done on the basis of Entrance Exams conducted by the University. This university will take students only on a merit basis. This University invites the companies for campus placements. The department plays a major role in facilitating the interaction between its students and the recruiters. So interested candidates can apply for this college when admissions are opened.

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Admission 2022

University Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University
Location Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Offered Courses Diploma, UG, PG, and Ph.D. & Certificate
Website http://www.ngu.ac.in/
Application Notification Admissions open

About Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University

North Gujarat University was established by Ordinance No. 5 of 1986 dated 17.5.1986 which was later passed as the North Gujarat University Act No.22 of 1986 on 11/9/86 by the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat. The University has been functioning since then and growing and expanding steadily. The town happens to have a composite campus of four affiliated colleges. Thus this University began to operate and serve 41 colleges scattered over the three erstwhile districts of Banaskantha, Mehsana and Sabarkantha allotted in its jurisdiction.

HNGU Course List with Fee Structure

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University HNGU Course details like the total number of courses, their eligibility conditions and fee structure are provided here.

HNGU Course List HNGU Course Eligibility HNGU Course Fee
MBA Graduation ₹29,358 (1st Year Fees)
MSc Graduation ₹5,730 (1st Year Fees)
BCA + MCA 10+2 ₹29,110 (1st Year Fees)
MHM Graduation ₹37,130 (1st Year Fees)
B.Lib.I.Sc Graduation ₹21,130 (Total Fees)
B.E 10+2 ₹20,455 (1st Year Fees)
M.A Graduation ₹3,530 (1st Year Fees)

HNGU Courses and Syllabus

Courses Offered by HNGU

The University offers Diplomas, Under Graduate, Post – Graduate, Ph.D., and Certificate courses Under the following categories

Arts

  • Bachelor of Arts
  • Master of Arts
  • Bachelor of Library & Information Science
  • Master of Library & Information Science
  • Bachelor of Journalism / Master of Journalism
  • Master of Philosophy in
  • Indian Diaspora & Cultural studies
  • Journalism
  •  Hindi
  • Gujarati
  • Diploma in Yoga Education
  • Bachelor of Performing Arts
  • Master of Performing Arts

Commerce

  • Bachelor of Commerce
  • Master of Commerce
  •  Master of Philosophy in Commerce

Computer Science & Application:

  • Bachelor of Computer Applications
  • Master of Science in Computer Applications & Information Technology
  • M.Sc. Tech in Industrial Mathematics with Computer Applications
  • Master of Computer  Applications
  • Post Graduate Diploma in Computer Science & Applications

Science

  • Bachelor of Science
  • Bachelor of Bio-Technology
  • Master of Science
  • Master of Philosophy
  • Master of Bio-Technology

Law

  • Bachelor of Law (L.L.B.)
  • Master of Law (L.L.M.)
  • Master of Philosophy (LAW)
  • Master of Law (L.L.M.)

Pharmacy

  • Bachelor of  Pharmacy
  • Diploma in Pharmacy
  • Master of Pharmacy

Business Management & Administration:

  • Master of Hospital Management
  • Bachelor of Business Administration
  • Master of Business Administration

Engineering

  • Bachelor of Engineering in
  • Civil
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical
  • Electronics and Communication
  • Mechatronics
  • Biomedical and Instrumentation
  • Computer
  • Information Technology
  • Bachelor of Architecture
  • Bachelor of Interior Design
  • Bachelor of Construction Technology
  • Master of Landscape Architecture
  • Master of Urban Design
  • Master of Planning in
  • Housing
  • Environment

Education

  • Bachelor of Education
  • Bachelor of Physical Education
  • Master of Education
  • Master of Physical Education
  • Master of Physical Education (M.P.E.)
  • Master of Philosophy in
  • Education
  • M.Ed.

Home Science

  • Bachelor of Home Science
  • Master of Home Science
  • Master of  Social Worker
  • Master of  Rural Studies

Medicine

  • Bachelor of Homoeopathic
  • Medicine and Surgery
  • MD in Homeopathic medicine
  • Bachelor of Dental Surgery
  • Bachelor of Physiotherapy

Nursing

  • Bachelor of Nursing

Rural Studies & Social Work

  • Bachelor of Rural Studies

Post Graduate Diploma courses

  • Post Graduate Diploma in
  • Agri-business management
  • Financial service management
  • Medicine laboratory technology
  • Communicative English
  • Computer applications

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Courses – Click Here

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University 2022 Syllabus

HNGU Courses: Candidates studying this university should know the syllabus of the particular course. So here we have mentioned the syllabus of courses for the academic year 2020-21. As we know that the exam syllabus remains the same as the last year. So here we have given the syllabus for this academic year.

HGU Syllabus 2021-22 – Click Here

HGU Syllabus 2022 – Click Here

HGU Syllabus Diploma Syllabus – Click Here

HGU Syllabus Undergraduate Courses – Click Here

HGU Syllabus Postgraduate Program  – Click Here

HGU Syllabus Ph.D. Courses – Click Here

HNGU Courses Contact details

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University
Address: Patan, Gujarat 384265
Uni. offi. Fax  : 231917
Phone: 02766 220 932
Official Website – http://www.ngu.ac.in/
See More:

FAQs on HNGU Courses

1. What are some of the courses offered by HNGU?

HNGU Offers courses like B.Ed, M.Sc, B.Sc, B.Ed, M.Ed, MHM, MSW, MRS, B.Arch, B.P.Ed, BBA, BCA, and many more.

2. Where do I find Syllabus for Various Courses Offered at HNGU?

You can find Syllabus for Various Courses Offered at HNGU on our page.

3. How to access the HNGU Syllabus PDF available?

You can access the HNGU Syllabus PDF through the quick links available on our page.

Wrapping Up

We have provided HNGU Courses and syllabus 2022 in this article. Students are requested to share this article with their friends. Students who want to know more details about this article those associated with the Official Website for Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University can refer to our web page to know more information. Students who have any queries about this article can leave a review in the below report box for clarifying your doubts.

How to become a Stenographer in India – Educational Qualifications, Eligibility Criteria, Courses, Colleges List, Scope, Salary

by
How to become a Stenographer in India

Are you quick at typing letters on a computer or mobile? Have you ever tried typing while someone is dictating? If your answer is yes, then you can build your career as a stenographer. A stenographer is a person whose responsibility is to translate speech in shorthand. Do you know how to become a stenographer in India after 12th? To become a stenographer the candidates need to meet some qualifications and qualify for the competitive exams.

A stenographer post is a government job with a lot of facilities. Nowadays there is a high demand for stenographers in different fields. So, the aspirants who wish to become a stenographer can make use of this article to get all the required info like course details, educational qualifications, age limitations, pay scale, selection procedure, and so on.

What does a Stenographer Do?

As the technology is increasing day by day the demand for stenographers is becoming high. The designation of the stenographers is different for different organizations. The role of the stenographer is to translate the language into a coded form. They need to shorthand the matter on paper or computer in the normal form. The average typing speed of the stenographer should be at least 35 words per minute.

Eligibility Criteria for a Stenographer

  • Educational Qualifications: The minimum qualification that is required for the candidates to apply for stenographer posts is 10+2 from any recognized board. In addition to that aspirants can complete the polytechnic course and diploma course in shorthand and typing with at least 65% of marks from any stream.
  • Age Limit: The minimum age required for the candidate to apply for the stenographer post is 18 years and the maximum age is 27 years.
  • Nationality: The applicant must be a citizen of India.

Stenographer’s Selection Procedure

Every year government of India fills the vacancies of stenographers by conducting entrance or competitive exams like SSC, High Court, DRDO, CRPF, CISF, Railway. The applicants will be selected based on the marks scored in the exams. There are two stages to select the candidates for the post of stenographer.

  • Computer Based Test/ written test: In this stage, the candidates will be tested based on General Knowledge, English, Hindi, Maths, and Reasoning. You can test your skills by writing a mock test.
  • Skill Test: In this stage, the typing speed of the candidates will be tested.

Read More:

Top Colleges that Offers Stenography Courses

Students can join the stenography courses that offer very rarely in some colleges. You can find the stenography course in Diploma i.e, after polytechnic. Here we have prepared the list of the colleges that offers stenography courses in India.

  • Women’s Technical Education & Research Institute, Nagpur
  • IEC University – Baddi Campus, Himachal Pradesh
  • International Women Polytechnic – Delhi, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh
  • The George Telegraph Training Institute – Ansel, Gujarat, Bagnan, West Bengal
  • Shri Vishwakarma Private Industrial Training Institute (SVPITI), Indore
  • Sriram Institute of Professional and Vocational Studies (SIPVS), New Delhi
  • Ahimsa Women Polytechnic, New Delhi
  • Delhi Institute of Early Childhood Care and Education – DIECCE, New Delhi
  • Maharani Kishori Memorial College of Vocational Education for Girls – MKM, Haryana
  • Bhavnagar University, Gujarat

Courses of Stenographer in India

Students who aspire to become a stenographer must complete the relevant course to stenography. There are three courses related to stenography.

  1. ITI Course with 2 years duration
  2. Diploma course with 3 years duration
  3. Certification Course

How to become a Stenographer in India? | Steps to become a stenographer

There are some steps to follow to become a stenographer in India. They are

  • Eligibility criteria play a vital role in the selection process for any job. So, first, the candidates have to fulfill the eligibilities required by the companies. The applicant of stenographer post must have completed at least 12th class with minimum marks from any state or central board of education.
  • Candidate can also complete Diploma/ITI Course in the relevant field with minimum marks.
  • Typing speed is very important to get selected as the stenographer. The minimum typing speed required is 30 to 40 words per minute and also knowledge of Hindi/English Language.

Skills Required to Become a Stenographer

Apart from the educational qualifications candidates must have to meet the extra skills required by the organization.

  • Typing skills with at least 25 words per minute.
  • Communication skills
  • Proficiency in English
  • Knowledge of latest technologies
  • Knowledge of shorthand

Salary for a Stenographer

The pay scale for a stenographer will be based on the performance of the candidate. The salary for fresher and experienced candidates will be different in different sectors. The initial salary of a stenographer in the government sector is Rs. 8000 and the private sector is Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 15,000 per month. The pay scale for an experienced stenographer is Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000 per month.

How to become a Stenographer in India

FAQs on How to Become a Stenographer in India

What is the salary of a stenographer?

A stenographer will get Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 25,000 per month based on the experience of the candidate.

How many hours does a stenographer work?

Generally, a stenographer works 9 to 11 hours per day. If he/she is a freelancer then you can work on your own schedules.

What is the maximum age for a stenographer?

The maximum age for a stenographer is 27 years.

Final Verdict

Hope we have provided all the useful information regarding how to become a stenographer in India. Check out the exams to write to become a stenographer in India. Feel free to ask doubts about course details and other details in the below-mentioned comment section. And also share this link with your friends and help them to get placed as a stenographer. All the Best!!!