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Markets Around Us Class 7 Questions and Answers Civics Chapter 8

Class 7 Civics Chapter 8 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do people go to a weekly market? Give three reasons.
Answer:
People go to a weekly market because of the following reasons:

1. Many things in weekly markets are available at cheaper rates.
2. Most things that we need are available at one place.
3. Since weekly markets have a large number of shops selling the same goods, then, things can be available at a cheaper rate.

Question 2.
Who are the sellers in a weekly market? Why don’t we find big business persons in these markets?
Answer:
The sellers in a weekly market are local people who do not have permanent shops. These small traders set up shops for the day and then close them in the evening. Then they may set up at a different place the next day.

We do not find big businessmen in these markets, because they have permanent shops in a shopping complex or mall.

Question 3.
Why are things cheap in the weekly market?
Answer:
Things are cheap in the weekly market because of the following reasons :

1. The shops are temporary, i.e., not permanent. The shopkeepers do not have to pay rent, electricity, fees to the government, etc.
2. The shopkeepers do not have to pay wages to their workers.
3. Most of the things that are sold by the shopkeepers are stored at home.
4. Most of them are helped by, their family members and, hence do not need to hire workers.

Question 4.
Explain with an example how people bargain in the market. Can you think of a situation where the bargain would be unfair?
Answer:
Weekly markets have a large number of shops selling the same goods which means there is a competition among them. If some trader were to charge a high price, for example, apples, people would move to another shop where the apples may be available more cheaply or the buyer may bargain and bring the price down.

The bargain would be unfair if the seller is selling his goods at a reasonable (cheaper) price.

Question 5.
Why did Sujata carry a notebook? Do you think this system is useful? Can there be problems?
Answer:
Sujata carried a notebook because she was buying goods on credit. It is useful as long as both buyer and seller and fair. The buyer should pay the seller the amount of the exact time without any hindrance.

Yes, this system can create problems when the buyer does not pay his dues; or the seller has forgotten to write any article sold to the buyer, etc.

Question 6.
What are the different kinds of shops that you find in your neighbourhood? What do you purchase from them?
Answer:
We find all types of shops in our neighbourhood, such as groceries, clothes, chemists, daily needs shop, fair price, vegetable and fruit shops, etc.

Normally, we purchase all the items needed from them.

Question 7.
Why are goods sold in permanent shops costlier than those sold in the weekly markets or by road side hawkers?
Answer:
Goods sold in permanent shops are costlier because these shops, incur a lot of expenditure” they have to pay rent, electricity, fees to the government, and, they also have to pay wages to their workers. More over these shops sell branched or packed goods.

Question 8.
Why do you think the guard wanted to stop Kavita and Sujata from entering the shop? What would you say if someone stops you from entering a shop in a market?
Answer:
Kavita and Sujata were wandering on the 3rd floor. The guard wanted to stop them for entering the shop because he thought that they did not have the money to buy clothes. There were just going inside to look at the clothes being sold at the shop.

If someone stops me from entering a shop in a market, I would pull his hat and remind him that everyone is free to go to any place he/she likes. It is not necessary that in whichever shop we enter, we have to buy something.

Question 9.
Why do people not bargain in shops located in malls whereas they bargain in weekly markets?
Answer:
People do not bargain in the shop located in the malls whereas they bargain in weekly market because branded goods available in the mall are expensive, durable, and often promoted by advertising, claiming of better quality as compared to non branded goods. Fewer people afford to buy but dono’t bargain in terms of quality and brand.

Question 10.
How do you think your neighbourhood shop gets its goods? Find out and explain with some examples.
Answer:
Our neighbourhood shop gets its goods through agents or wholesaler For example A vegetable wholesale trader will not buy a few kilos of vegetables, but will buy a large lot of 25 to 100 kilos.

There will be then sold to other traders. It is through this the retailer get the goods and finally reaches to our neighbourhood shop.

Question 11.
Why is a wholesale trader necessary?
Answer:
Goods are produced in factories, on farms, and in homes. However, we don’t buy directly from the factory or from the farm. The goods from factories, or farms etc. are purchased by the wholesaler and sold to the retailer.

From the retailer we buy goods. Thus, a wholesale trader is necessary.

Question 12.
In what ways is a hawker different from shop-owner?
Answer:
Hawker is a person who sells his product or goods by moving on the streets while a shop-owner is a person who sells his goods at a fixed place. A hawker can sell different goods like vegetables, clothes, shoes, etc., while shop owner sell the some things or goods. For e.g. in a book shop you can get only books, stationery etc., not vegetables, ice-cream, sweets etc.

Question 13.
Compare and Contrast weekly market and a shopping complex on the following :

Answer:

Question 14.
Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?
Answer:
A series of markets that are connected like a link in a chain because products pass from one market to another is known as chain of market. The people in between the producer and the final consumers are the traders, middlemen agent, etc.

(a) The producer supplies goods to retailer who sell them to customers. Producer : Retailer : Customers producer: Wholesaler: Customer. The goods can be sold with the help of retailer and wholesaler in the following chain process :

It is through this links (chain) of the trader the goods reaches far away places. The purpose of this chain markets is to make the easiest availability of all the goods at far away place immediately.

Question 15.
All persons have equal right to visit any shop in a market place. Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with example.
Answer:
Yes, all persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a market place. It is also true of shops with expensive products.

Example:
Kavita and Sujata are two friends. They went to Anzal Mall, a five floor shopping complex. They were enjoying themselves, then they decided to go to a branded ready made shop which was situated on 3rd floor. Security guard wanted to stop them, but he could not, they looked at some costly dresses, but none was less than 2500 Rs. Sujata whispered to Kavita, let us try on another shop. I’ll take you another shop which has good quality readymade clothes at very reasonable prices.

Question 16.
‘Buying and selling can take place without going to a market place’. Explain this with the help of examples.
Answer:
Yes, Buying and selling can take place without going to a market place. We can place order for variety of things through phone and these days through internet, and the goods are delivered at our homes.
Example :

In clinic and nursing homes we have noticed that sales representatives waiting for doctors. Such persons are also engaged in selling of goods. Thus buying and selling take . place in different ways, not necessarily through shops in the market.

Another example can be given of a Pizza Hut. The favourite Pizzahuts have toll free mobile and land-line numbers. We can place our order through phone call. Their home delivery service will drop the pizza at our doorstep within a short time. These shops run 24 hrs daily.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 Questions and Answers History Chapter 8

Class 7 History Chapter 8 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the foilowing-

Answer:

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks-
1. Shankara was an advocate of ……………..
2. Ramanuja was influenced by the …………….
3. ………….., …………… and ………………. were advocates of Virashaivism.
4. ……………. was an important centre of Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.
Answer:
1. Advaita
2. Alvars
3. Basavana, Allama Prabhu, Akkamadevi
4. Pantharpur.

Question 3.
Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis.
Answer:
A number of religions groups that emerged during this period criticised the ritual and other aspects of conventional religion and the social order, using simple, logical arguments. Among these were the nathpanthis, Siddhacharas And Yogis.

Beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis-

• They advocated renunciation of the world.
• According to them, the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formers. Ultimate Reality and the realisation of oneness with it.
• To achieve the above they advocated intense training of the mind and body like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.
• For their beliefs and practices, these groups became particularly popular among ‘low’ castes.

Question 4.
What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir ? How did he express there?
Answer:

1. Kabir’s teachings were based on a complete, indeed vehement; rejection of the major religions traditions.
2. Kabir’s teaching openly ridiculed all form of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system.
3. The language of his poetry was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by ordinary people.
4. Kabir believed in a formless supreme God and preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion.

Question 5.
What were the major beliefs and practices of the sufis?
Answer:
Major beliefs and practices of the sufis-

1. Sufis were Muslim Mystics. They rejected outward religionsity and emphasised love and devotion to God and compassion towards all fellow human beings.
2. The Sufis often rejected the elaborate rituals and codes of behaviour demanded by Muslim religions scholars.
3. They sought union with God much as a lover seeks his beloved with a disregard for the world.
4. Like the saint poets, the sufis too, composed poems expressing their feelings, and a rich literature in prose, inducting anecdotes and fables, developed around them.
5. The sufis also believed that the heart can be trained to look at the world in a different way. They developed elaborate methods of training using Zikr (Chanting of a name or sacred formula), contemplation, same (singing), raqs (dancing), discussion of parables, breath control, etc. under the guidance of a master or pir.

Question 6.
Why do you think many teachers, rejected prevalent religions beliefs and practices?
Answer:
Many teachers rejected prevalent religions beliefs and practices because they were irrational, unlogical and very difficult to understand. For example, Kabir and Guru Nanak rejected all orthodox religions and their beliefs and practices. Many teachers did not favour casteism; the feeling of up or down or low or high castes. They favoured humanism.

Some teachers like Tulsidas and Surdas accepted beliefs and practises but wanted to make these accessible to all though the languages of the common people.

Question 7.
What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?
Answer:
Major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak-

1. Guru Nanak emphasized the importance of the worship of one God. He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. His idea of liberation was not that of a state of inert bliss but rather the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.
2. He himself used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teachings which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.
3. His teachings are now remembered as nam-japna, kirt-karma and vand-chhakha, which also underline the importance of right belief and worship, honest living, and helping others.

Question 8.
For either the Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.
Answer:
The Virashaivars or the saint of Maharashtra had a very progressive humanistic attitude, they opposed casteism or inequality based on any ground. From the thirteen to seventeen centuries Maharashtra saw a great number of saint poets.

The most important among them were Janeshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram as well women like Sakhu bai and the family of Chokhamela. They belonged to the “untouchable” Mohar Caste.

There was a Gujarati Saint Narsi Mehtra. He was a famous Vaishnava. He said, “They (men and women) are vaishnavas who understand the pain of others.

All saints (male as well female) stressed Bhakti particularly on the vithala (a form of Vishnu). They participated in the temple of Pantherpur. They favoured the nation of a personal god residing in the hearts of all people.

These saints, poets, rejected castism and all types of ritualism. They did not favour disparity and differences based on birth.

Question 9.
Why do you think ordinary people preserved the memory of Mirabai?
Answer:

1. Mirabai was a Rajput princes married into the royal family of Mewar in the sixteenth century. Mirabai became a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from a caste untouchablef. She was devoted to Krishna and composed inumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.
2. Her songs also openly challenged the norms of the “upper” caste and became popular with the masses in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Question 10.
Find out whether in your neighborhood these are any dargahs, gurudwaras or temples associated with saints of the bhakti tradition in your neighborhood. Visit any one of these and describe what you see and hear?
Answer:
Yes, these are many dargahs, gurudwaras or temples associated with saints of bhakti tradition in our neighbourhood.

I have visited all these religious places from time to time along with my mother or father or elder brother.

I have seen that people go there with devotion and they ofter prayer and hear preaching of religious people with great devotion.

Question 11.
For any of the Saint-poets where compositions have been included in this chapter, find out more about their works, noting down other poems. Find out whether these are sung, how they are sung, and what the poets wrote about?
Answer:
We have read about many bhakti saint and sufi saint in this chapter. I have heard about Kabir, Baba Guru Nanak, Mirabai, Goswami Tulsidas and Surdas. Their religious works poems, bhajans are read out and sung at religious place and by bhakt singers and poets. I have heard devotional song on radio and Television. I have also read certain books related . with the above saint poets.

Question 12.
There are several saint-poets whose names have been mentioned but their works have not been included in the chapter. Finds out more about sung and what their compositions were about.
Answer:

1. All Marathi saint such as Janeshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram had written and sung in Marathi.
2. Narsi Mehta had written and sung in Gujarati.
3. Tulsidas had written in Awdhi (Hindi).
4. Surdas had written in Brij Bhasha (Hindi).
5. Mirabai had written in Rajasthani (Hindi).
6. Kabir had written in composit language taking words from Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and other languages of India. His language is called Khichri Bhasha.
7. Guru Nanak Dev had written and sung in Hindi and Punjabi.
8. They were not in a favour of converting Hindus to Islam.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 2

Geography Class 8 Chapter 2 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the land, type of soil and water availability in the region you live. Discuss in your class, how it has influenced the lifestyle of people there.
Answer:
Hints :
Land, type of soil and water availability influence the life style of the people living there because generally human activities are influenced by environment. For remaining take the help of your class teacher.

Question 2.
Table 2.1 : Land use in selected countries

Study the above table and answer the following :
(i) Name the countries having the highest percentage of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other uses.
(ii) How would you relate the land use patterns of these countries with the probable economic activities?
Answer:
(i) The countries with the highest use of land under cropland, forest, pasture and other crops are as follows :
Cropland : India (57%)
Forest : Japan (67%)
Pasture : Australia (56%)
Other uses : Canada (52%)

(ii) The land use pattern of these areas affects the economic activities of these countries in the sense that people and their demands are ever growing, however, the availability of land is limited. In the same way the quality of land is also different from one place to another. The common man is encroaching land for housing and industrialisation purposes. In rural areas land is expanded to increase agricultural needs. This also affects the social culture.

Question 3.
Activity : In India soils could be alluvial, black, red, laterite desertic and mountain soil. Collect a handful of different types of soil and observe. How are they different?
Answer:

• Alluvial soil : It is very fertile and good for crops. It is generally found along the belt of rivers.
• Black soil : It is black in colour. It is fertile and good for cotton crops.
• Red soil : It is red in colour and rich in iron. It is porous in nature.
• Laterite soil : It is less fertile with low content of nitrogen, phosphate and calcium.
• Desertic soil : Mostly sandy and alkaline in nature.
• Mountain soil : Mostly thin and infertile.

Question 4.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Which are two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation?
(ii) Write any two reasons for land degradation today.
(iii) Why is land considered an important resource?
(iv) Name any two steps that government has taken to conserve plants and animals.
(v) Suggest three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
(i) The two main climatic factors responsible for soil formation are temperature and rainfall. Rainfall contributes in breaking the rocks by applying pressure. Temperature fluctuations between hot and cold also form cracks in the rocks.

(ii) Reasons for land degradation are :

• Destruction of forest cover.
• Ever growing demand of the growing population.

(iii) Land is considered an important resource because it provides surface for agriculture, living, forestry, industries, construction, etc. Most of the activities take place on land.

(iv) Steps taken by the government to conserve plants and animals are :

• Establishment of natural parks and wildlife sanctuaries in different parts of the country.
• Conservation of important species of plants and animals.

(v) Three ways to conserve water are :

• By rain water harvesting : By this method rain water can be collected and used at the time of scarcity.
• Drip irrigation to be practised in dry regions.
• Proper irrigation system so that water is not lost at the time of irrigation.

Question 5.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) Which one of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation?
(a) time
(b) soil texture
(c) organic matter
Answer:
(b) soil texture

(ii) Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?
(a) shelter belts
(b) mulching
(c) terrace cultivation
Answer:
(c) terrace cultivation

(iii) Which one of the following is NOT in favour of the conservation of nature?
(a) switch off the bulb when not in use
(b) close the tap immediately after using
(c) dispose playbacks after shopping
Answer:
(c) dispose playbacks after shopping

Question 6.
Match the following :

Answer:

Question 7.
State whether the given statement is true or false.
If true, write the reasons.
(i) Ganga-Brahmaputra plain of India is an overpopulated region.
(ii) Water availability per person in India is declining.
(iii) Rows of trees planted in the coastal areas to check the wind movement is called intercropping.
(iv) Human interference and changes of climate can maintain the ecosystem.
Answer:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True.

Question 8.
Activity
Discuss some more reasons which are responsible for changes of land use pattern. Has your place undergone any change in the land use pattern in recent years?
Find out from your parents and elderly people. You can conduct an interview by asking the following questions.


Answer:

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science