Indus River | Indus River Map, System, Pollution, History and Importance

Indus River

Indus River: The Indus River is one of the most important rivers in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Indian Sub-continent. The river Indus flows through India, China and Pakistan. The river originates in the Tibetan Plateau near the Mansarovar lake and flows through the Ladakh area of India and then flows along the entire length of Pakistan and at the end merges with the Arabian Sea.

Top 10 Largest Rivers in India, you would also find the details about Indian River Systems and major rivers of India.

Indus River Details

Origin Originates from the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar.
Other Names Sindhu, Sindh or Mehran
Length 3,180 Kilometres or 1,980 Miles
Size of Basin 11,65,000 Sq. Kilometres or 4,50,000 Sq. Miles.
Average Annual Water Flow 58 cubic miles or 243 cubic kilometres
Importance It serves as the major source of irrigation and food production in Pakistan. Serves as the main source of water resources to Punjab.
Reasons For Pollution Industrial Activities, Industrial waste disposal and Plastic waste.

About Indus River

Indus River is one of the most important rivers of the Indian Subcontinent. It flows through three different Countries, i.e. India, China and Pakistan. The river Indus originates in the Tibetan Plateau near the lake Manasarovar. After flowing through China and India, it flows through the full length of Pakistan and finally merges with the Arabian sea near Karachi in Sindh.

The level of the river Indus varies throughout the course of its flow. The River Indus has been given different names by the people of Different countries through which it flows. It has names such as Indus, Sindhu, Sindh or Mehran. It is one of the most important rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.

The estimated annual water flow of the river Indus is about 243 cubic kilometres which is twice than that of river Nile and thrice as compared to River Tigris and River Euphrates combined. This makes the river Indus as one of the largest rivers in the world in terms of water flow.

The Indus river serves as a significant source of water supply in Pakistan. It also supports a lot of heavy industries in Pakistan. The Indus acts as an essential source of water supply for Punjab as well.

Indus River History

The river was first described in the Rigveda which was written in 1500 BCE, where it is described by the name of “Sindhu”. The word India comes from Indus as in earlier days India referred to those areas which were located near the east bank of river Indus.

The major Indian Civilizations such as Indus Valley, Harappa and Mahenjodaro were situated on the banks of river Indus which date back to 3,300 BC. Till date around 1,052 settlements have been discovered along river Indus.

The river Indus must have been initiated by the early Tibetan uplift following the collision of India and Asia. The river Indus has remained since the early Eocene Times. The river Indus is still located in its original position and has moved only 100 kilometres east since the early Eocene times.

Indus River Map

The Origin of the river Indus lies in the Tibetan Plateau near the lake of Manasarovar. It arises at the junction of the river Sengge Zangbo and river Gar Tsangpo. The River flows through three countries of the Asian continent which are namely India, China and Pakistan. The overall length of the river is approximately 3,180 kilometres which is nearly 1,980 miles. The total drainage area of the river Indus is around 11,65,000 sq. kilometres.

The river flows from the Tibetan plateau and enters into India through the Ladakh region and flows towards Gilgit-Baltistan. The river Indus then changes its course toward the southern region to enter into Pakistan where it runs along the total length of Pakistan. Finally, it drains into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.

The Northern part of the Indus River and its tributaries lies in the Punjab region of South Asia, while the southern part ends in Sindh in Pakistan. The Indus river feeds the world’s 2nd largest underwater delta which is the Indus Submarine fans. The underwater delta so formed consists of 5 million cubic kilometres of sediment materials eroded by the Indus river in the course of its flow.

Indus River System

The Indus River is considered as one of the longest rivers of the world in terms of water discharge as it discharges 243 cubic kilometres of water which is twice as compared to the water flow of river Nile. The total length of the Indus river system is around 3180 kilometres. It flows 320 kilometres or 200 miles towards the northwest and enters Ladakh where it joins one of its tributaries, the Zanskar River. Then it continues to flow 240 kilometres before it enters into Pakistan, where it runs along the total length of Pakistan.

The Indus River System has many tributaries that join the river in the course of its flow. The first tributary that joins river Indus is the Zanskar river which is Ladakh. Then the river Indus is joined by the Panjnad river in the left near Punjab which has 5 tributaries of its own, namely, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

The tributaries that join the river Indus on the right are Shyok, Gilgit, Kabul, Gomal and Kurram. The Indus river system consists of glaciers and snows as it has tributaries that flow through the glaciers of Himalayas, Karakoram ranges and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges.

The width of flow of the river is determined by the seasonal changes, i.e. In winter season the flow of the river diminishes or decreases drastically. While in the rainy season the banks of the river are heavily flooded.

Indus River Pollution

The Indus river serves as the major source of water supply for Pakistan and Punjab. However, with the rapid industrialisation and unmanaged disposal of sewage into the river system has led to the degradation in the quality of water of River Indus. Water pollution in the Indus river is because of many reasons. Out of which the main reason being the dumping of industrial wastes into the river.

The presence of factories near the bank of river Indus as a major cause of pollution of the river. The disposal of industrial wastes in high quantities has led to the death of many aquatic animals in the Indus river, mainly the Indus dolphins.

The other factors that contribute to the pollution in the river Indus are agricultural wastes which include, sodium nitrate, sodium phosphate and other pesticides that increases water pollution. This pollution affects marine animals.

The river is also polluted by unmanaged and untreated wastes that are discharged into it from the cities. The pollution of the Indus has also affected human health in the city of Karachi. Most of the population of Karachi depends on the Indus for drinking water, and boiling the water will not help in reducing chemical wastes. If no proper action is taken to conserve the purity of the river Indus, then it may lead to a drastic downfall in the number of aquatic animals present in the river.

Indus River Importance

River Indus serves as the major source of water for around 180 million people of Pakistan. The river supplies water throughout the year to parts of Punjab and the whole of Pakistan. The agriculture and food production of Pakistan depends mostly on the water supply from river Indus.

The Indus Basin Irrigation System is the most extensive irrigation system ever constructed in the world. This Irrigation system benefits many farmers in Pakistan for agriculture. The Indus River also acts as a medium of transportation for many people.

The Mangla dam built on the river Jhelum and the Tarbela Dam constructed on river Indus acts as a major source of irrigation and flood control. The two dams were built under the Indus Basin Project.

Short Essay on Indus River

India is a land of many rivers, and the Indus river is one of the most important rivers of the Indian Subcontinent. The Indus river originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows through countries like India, China and Pakistan. The Course of flow of the river ends in the Arabian sea.

The River Indus is considered as the largest river in the world in terms of water flow. The river is approximately 3,180 kilometres in length and has a total drainage area of 11,65,000 km2. The river has different names such as Sindh, Sindhu or Mehran.

The river Indus flows from the Tibetan Plateau and enters India through the Ladakh region. It then enters Pakistan and runs along the full length of Pakistan. The River has many tributaries on both sides. The left tributaries of Indus river are Zanskar river, Panjnad River whose branches are River Jhelum, River Ravi, River Beas, River Sutlej and River Chenab. The right tributaries of river Indus include Shyok, Gilgit, Kabul, Gomal and Kurram rivers.

The Indus River serves as an important source of water supply to Punjab. It is considered as the backbone of water supply for Pakistan. Entire Pakistan depends on the Indus river for irrigation and food production. It also supports many heavy industries in Pakistan.

The River Indus acts as a habitat to a large number of aquatic animals. The Indus river dolphin is the species of dolphin that are found only in the Indus river. The Indus also serves as a home to almost 180 freshwater fish species.

However, the growing industrial activities near the bank of river Indus has highly contributed to its pollution. Unmanaged industrial waste disposal is the main reason for Indus river pollution. The agricultural activities also add to the pollution in river Indus. The pollution has affected the lives of many aquatic animals living in the river. If no action is taken to protect the river water from pollution, it can cause severe damage to all the aquatic animals as well as the humans that consume the water from Indus.

Indus River

10 Lines on Indus River

  • Indus River is one of the most important rivers of the Indo-Gangetic plain in the Indian Subcontinent.
  • It is the largest river in the world in terms of water flow. The average annual water flow of River Indus is 243 cubic kilometres.
  • The Length of river Indus is approximately 3,180 kilometres.
  • The Indus Originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows through three Asian Countries, that are India, China and Pakistan.
  • The Indus Flows through the full length of Pakistan.
  • The River Indus has many tributaries on the left as well as on the right side.
  • The Indus acts as the main source of water supply for Pakistan.
  • The Indus river ends in the Arabian Sea.
  • The total drainage area of River Indus is approximately 11,65,000 km2.
  • The Indus serves as a home to 180 species of freshwater fish, out of which 22 species of fishes are not found in any other river or sea.

Frequently Asked Questions on Indus River

Question 1.
Where is the Origin of River Indus?

Answer:
The origin of Indus river lies in the Tibetan Plateau near the Mansarovar Lake. It begins at the junction of two rivers, namely, Sengge Zangbo and Gar Tsangpo.

Question 2.
What is the length of River Indus?

Answer:
The Length of river Indus is approximately 3,180 kilometres or 1,980 miles.

Question 3.
What is the importance of Indus river?

Answer:
The Indus river is one of the most important rivers of India as it supplies water to many parts of Punjab and neighbouring states for irrigation and other activities. It also serves as the major source of water supply for Pakistan. The whole of Pakistan depends on the river Indus for irrigation and other agricultural activities.

Question 4.
What are the reasons for pollution of river Indus?

Answer:
The growth of industries in and around the Indus river banks are the major sources of pollution of River Indus. The untreated sewage disposal is also a reason contributing to Indus river pollution.

Pulicat Lake History, Map, System, Pollution and Importance

Pulicat Lake

Pulicat Lake is also called the Pulicat Bird Sanctuary. It is one of the famous tourist hotspots in India. Pulicat Lake is located at the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Pulicat Lake covers approximately 759 square kilometres.

Pulicat Lake is spread across Nellore Tada, Doravari Satram, Sullurpeta, Tiruvallur District, Chittamuru Mandal, and Vakadu. This lake offers the beautiful sight of fascinating birds. Pulicat Lake is a famous bird sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.

Pulicat Lake Details

States Covered Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
Length Approximately 50 kilometres or 30 miles
Width 0.2 to 17.5 kilometres
Salinity Level Zero to 52 ppm
Major Inflows Arani river, Kalangi river, and Swarnamukhi river
Colour of Water Blue, green, and red
Reason for pollution Sewage, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and industrial effluents

About Pulicat Lake

Pulicat Lake is a saltwater lagoon. It extends from the southeast of Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu. The length of this lake is approximately 50 kilometres or 30 miles. Pulicat Lake is located on the sandy plains of Andhra Pradesh. Pulicat Lake yields prawns and salt.

Pulicat Lake is separated from the Bay of Bengal by narrow Sriharikota. Pulicat Lake mixes to the sea at the south end of the island. This lake has the membership of the international network Living Lakes. CReNIEO represents Pulicat Lake. It is the second-largest brackish-water ecosystem in the eastern part of India. It is a shallow lake.

The average depth of Pulicat Lake is one meter. This lake is drained by many minor inflows and three large inflows. Pulicat is a city with historical significance. It is also an important port for trades in Europe and the far east. Pulicat Lake is home to millions of birds, mammals, and reptiles. A wide variety of fishes live in Pulicat Lake.

Pulicat Lake History

An anonymous mariner listed Pulicat Lake in one of his books. S/he mentioned it as one of the three ports on the east of India. In the 13th century, Arabs started migrating to the shores of Pulicat Lake after they were banished from Mecca as they refused to pay tributes to the new caliph.

The houses of these Arabian Muslims are still found near Pulicat Lake. Portuguese and the Greeks made their colonies in this lake. The Dutch got to know about this lake when their ships got stuck on the shores of a village situated on the opposite side of the lake. It was known as Pallaicatta at the time of Dutch colonisation.

Pulicat Lake is fed by the Arani river and Kalangi river. The Buckingham Canal is also part of this lake on the western side. This lake exchanges water with the Bay of Bengal through an inlet channel at Sriharikota. Pulicat Lake acts as a buffer and stores the flood water till the floodwater gets discharged to the sea during the monsoon period. The basins of this lake are situated in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. However, most of its part is located in Andhra Pradesh.

Pulicat Lake Map

The Pulicat Lake’s boundary ranges between 80.23 to 80.25 degrees east to 13.33 to 13.66 degrees north. The significant part of almost 96 per cent of the lake is based on Andhra Pradesh and the other 3 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Approximately 450 square kilometres area of this lake is in high tide, and 250 square kilometres area of this lake is in low tide.

The length of Pulicat Lake is almost 60 kilometres. Its width varies from 0.2 to 17.5 kilometres. The tropical monsoon dominates the climate of Pulicat Lake. The temperature of the air in this area ranges from 15 to 45 degrees C.

The type of water in this lake varies from being brackish to salty. Three significant rivers that joined Pulicat Lake are the Arani river, Kalangi river, and Swarnamukhi river. The Pulicat Lake, with its outlet to the sea, is situated in Andhra Pradesh. The salinity of the water of this river affects the biodiversity, fisheries, and the primary production in the lake.

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Pulicat Lake System

This lake is located sixty kilometres north of Chennai. The salinity level of this lake varies from zero to 52 ppm. It stays at zero levels during the monsoon and 52 ppm in pre and post-monsoon seasons.

This lake is located in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The lake is famous because of its bird sanctuary. The water in this lake is shrinking rapidly. The depth of the water has reduced from 1.5 metres to 1 meter.

Pulicat Lake has rich fauna and flora varieties. It supports the type of bird and commercial fisheries in this lake. IUCN has declared the Pulicat Lake as a protected area because of the rich biodiversity present in the lake.

Pulicat Lake Pollution

Pulicat Lake has also become the prey of pollution. The significant sources of pollution in this lake are sewage, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and industrial effluents. Waste materials flow to the Pulicat Lake from Kalangi and Arani river. Pulicat Lake has a wide variety of fishes. Many significant commercial fishery activities happen in this lake.

As a result, the wastes of commercial fisheries pollute the water of the Pulicat Lake. The farming of shrimp in large part of this lake has affected the bird sanctuary of this lake. It has affected the lives of twenty thousand farmers and thirty thousand fishermen engaged in fisheries. However, the unethical fish production in the lake has affected aquatic life.

The petrochemical park in this area also pollutes Pulicat Lake. The closure of the sea mouth of the lake is also a significant threat to the biodiversity of this lake. This stops the migration and remigration of fauna and fish. As a result, it creates terrible effects on the food network, mainly migratory birds. However, the Indian government is concerned about the safety of this lake and has taken various steps to protect the natural aspect of Pulicat Lake.

Pulicat Lake Importance

Pulicat Lake is mainly essential for its biodiversity. Millions of migratory birds, fauna, and fishes come to Pulicat Lake. It is an important wetland of India. Many migratory birds like the flamingo, storks, gulls, herons, pelicans, and many others stay in the area of Pulicat Lake.

This lake has a rich diversity of flora and fauna. This lake has a famous bird sanctuary. Numerous microscopic plants grow in this lake which creates nutrients for aquatic life. Every year, the ‘Flamingo Festival’ is celebrated in Pulicat Lake. Eco-tourism had also built up in the Pulicat Lake.

Pulicat Lake 1

Short Essay on Pulicat Lake

Pulicat Lake is a saltwater lagoon. It extends from the southeast of Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu. The length of this lake is approximately 50 kilometres or 30 miles. Pulicat Lake is located on the sandy plains of Andhra Pradesh. CReNIEO represents Pulicat Lake.

It is the second-largest brackish-water ecosystem in the eastern part of India. It is a shallow lake. The average depth of Pulicat Lake is one metre. This lake is drained by many minor inflows and three large inflows. Pulicat is a city with historical significance. The Pulicat Lake’s boundary ranges between 80.23 to 80.25 degrees east to 13.33 to 13.66 degrees north.

The significant part of almost 96 per cent of the lake is based on Andhra Pradesh and the other 3 per cent in Tamil Nadu. Pulicat Lake is mainly essential for its biodiversity. Millions of migratory birds, fauna, and fishes come to Pulicat Lake. It is an important wetland of India. Pulicat Lake has also become the prey of pollution.

The significant sources of pollution in this lake are sewage, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and industrial effluents. Waste materials flow to the Pulicat Lake from Kalangi and Arani river. Pulicat Lake has a wide variety of fishes. Many significant commercial fishery activities happen in this lake. As a result, the wastes of commercial fisheries pollute the water of the Pulicat Lake.

Ten Lines on Pulicat Lake

  • Pulicat Lake is located at the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Pulicat Lake is spread across Nellore Tada, Doravari Satram, Sullurpeta, Tiruvallur District, Chittamuru Mandal, and Vakadu.
  • The length of Pulicat Lake is approximately 50 kilometres or 30 miles.
  • IUCN has declared the Pulicat Lake is a protected area because of the rich biodiversity present in the lake.
  • The salinity level of Pulicat Lake varies from zero to 52 ppm.
  • Pulicat Lake has rich fauna and flora varieties. It supports the type of bird and commercial fisheries in this lake.
  • The type of water in Pulicat Lake varies from being brackish to salty.
  • Three significant rivers that joined Pulicat Lake are the Arani river, Kalangi river, and Swarnamukhi river.
  • The Pulicat Lake’s boundary ranges between 80.23 to 80.25 degrees east to 13.33 to 13.66 degrees north.
  • A significant part of almost 96 per cent of Pulicat Lake is based in Andhra Pradesh and the other 3 per cent in Tamil Nadu.

Pulicat Lake 2

FAQs on Pulicat Lake

Question 1.
What is the length of Pulicat Lake?

Answer:
The length of Pulicat Lake is approximately 50 kilometres or 30 miles.

Question 2.
Which migratory birds are seen in Pulicat Lake?

Answer:
Many migratory birds like the flamingo, storks, gulls, herons, pelicans, and many others stay in the area of Pulicat Lake.

Question 3.
What are the significant sources of pollution in Pulicat Lake?

Answer:
The significant sources of pollution in this lake are sewage, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and industrial effluents.

Question 4.
Which three rivers joined Pulicat Lake?

Answer:
Three significant rivers that joined Pulicat Lake are the Arani river, Kalangi river, and Swarnamukhi river.

Pangong Lake History, Map, System, Pollution and Importance

Pangong Lake

Pangong Lake is also called the Pangong Tso. It is an endorheic lake that means it retains the water without any outflow to the outside of it. This lake covers Ladakh and West Tibet. Approximately 50 per cent of this lake is in Ladakh, and 40 per cent is in West Tibet.

The rest 10 per cent is controversial but controlled by China. The water of this lake contains a large amount of dissolved salt which results in complete freezing of the water during the winter season.

Pangong Lake Details

Countries Covered India and China
Another Name Pangong Tso
Length Approximately 160 kilometres
Height 4350 meters
Colour of Water Blue, green, and red
Reason for pollution Tourism

About Pangong Lake

Pangong Lake is a well-known endorheic lake that flows from India to China. This lake is situated at the height of 4350 m. Pangong Lake is one of the popular tourist destinations in India. The aesthetic beauty of Pangong Lake brings many foreigners to visit India.

The lake is in the process of being called a wetland of international significance under the Ramsar Convention. If it happens, Pangong Lake will be the first trans-boundary wetland in South Asia. One of the popular features of this lake is its capacity to change colours. Pangong name came from a Tibetan word, Banggong Co. It means an enchanted and narrow lake.

The one-third portion of this lake lies in India, and China controls the other two-thirds part. Pangong Lake doesn’t have any vegetation and aquatic life because it freezes completely in the winter season due to its saline water. The lake is situated close to the India-China border which makes it a temperate region. Pangong Lake in India has a tranquil surrounding and picturesque landscapes.

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Pangong Lake History

The Pangong Lake is situated at the height of 4350 m. This lake covers a total area of approximately 160 kilometres. Pangong lake glitters throughout the day and changes its colour from blue to green as the sunlight skids across its surface. This lake has a rich historical background which makes it a dreamlike beauty. It has immense geopolitical value as well.

Pangong Lake is situated at the actual line of control between India and China. Both the Indian government and the Chinese government are sensitive regarding Pangong Lake. Deldan Namgyal, the king of Ladakh, used to support Bhutan in the Tibet-Indian war in the 17th century. The peeved Tibetans had attacked Ladakh, and Deldan was unable to fight against them. As a result, Deldan looked for assistance from the Mughals.

Ultimately an agreement happened in 1684, and Deldan gave away portions of his territory to the Regent of Tibet. As a result, this lake is divided into India and China. Pangong Lake is still a controversial topic for India and China. Ten percent of this lake is still a matter of debate between these two countries. However, it is controlled by the Chinese government.

Pangong Lake Map

The length of Pangong Lake is approximately 160 kilometres. This lake covers Ladakh and West Tibet. Approximately 50 percent of this lake is in Ladakh, and 40 per cent is in West Tibet.

The rest 10 per cent is controversial but controlled by China. Its water seems sparkling blue in contrast to the arid mountains surrounding it. It is one of the famous lakes in Leh Ladakh. Pangong Lake is a beautiful piece of nature and an attractive tourist hotspot. However, many activities like staying in a hotel or going too far in the lake, and boating is not allowed in this lake due to its controversial geographical location.

The colour of the water of Pangong Lake changes to blue, green, and red. The weather of this lake remains cold, and the water gets frozen during the winter season. In Ladakhi Pangong means extensive concavity. In Tibet, Tso means lake. Pangong Lake is also called Pangong Tso because of its mixed heritage.

Pangong Lake System

The shape of Pangong Lake is like a boomerang. The water of this lake is not drinkable. As the water of the river gets frozen in winter, the vehicular movement also becomes possible in the lake. The lake flows through the actual control between India and China.

Both of these countries have unsettled borders which makes the lake a topic of political controversy. Ten per cent of this lake is patrolled by both India and China. Though this part is not occupied by any of them, it is mainly controlled by China. The situation between both of these countries has not improved yet. The delicate beauty of this lake is featured in a popular Indian movie called ‘3 Idiots’.

Pangong Lake Pollution

The primary source of pollution in Pangong Lake is the increasing tourism in Ladakh. Pangong Lake has started facing the threat of pollution recently. Recent increasing tourism in the Himalayas has contributed to the pollution in Pangong Lake. A vast number of people began visiting Leh Ladakh.

This lake was not popular among Indian tourists until it was filmed in two popular Indian movies, ‘3 Idiots’ and ‘Jab Tak Hai Jan’. According to the officials of Leh, more than six hundred vehicles go to Pangong Lake every day. A large amount of plastic waste flows into the lake. Solid waste is also there on the sides of Pangong Lake. These solid wastes often get carried away by the wind into the lake.

Waste material is collected from the houses and restaurants of this area but dumped in open areas without any treatment. However, the authority is in the process to use mechanisms to treat the waste. Many waste materials mix in the lake through small channels. Many unplanned cafes and hotels have been built up close to the lake. However, the officials of Leh are in the process to create a hundred meters buffer zone between the cafes and the lake.

Pangong Lake Importance

Pangong Lake is an integral part of the geopolitical relation between India and China. The lake flows through the line of actual control (LAC) of these two countries. The Chinese government had built multiple roads on the banks of this lake. This lake has become a hotspot for Indian tourists after the beauty of this wetland got featured in two popular Indian movies, ‘3 Idiots’ and ‘Jab Tak Hai Jan’. However, tourists are allowed only around 7 kilometres of Pangong Lake.

The lake contains saline water. As a result, the water of the river gets frozen during the winter season. So, tourists get the opportunity to do ice-skating and play polo in the lake. The locals also had the opportunity to earn money through tourism in Pangong Lake. Many cafes, hotels, and restaurants have been built up in the Pangong Lake area recently. However, the primary importance of this lake is its geographical location. India and China still do not have a settled border. So, both of the countries use this lake to look over each other.

Short Essay on Pangong Lake

Pangong Lake is a well-known endorheic lake that flows from India to China. This lake is situated at the height of 4350 m. The shape of Pangong Lake is like a boomerang. This lake covers Ladakh and West Tibet. Approximately 50 percent of this lake is in Ladakh, and 40 per cent is in West Tibet.

The rest 10 per cent is controversial but controlled by China. Pangong Lake is an essential part of the geopolitical relation between India and China. The lake flows through the line of actual control (LAC) of these two countries. This lake has a rich historical background which makes it a dreamlike beauty. Deldan, the king of Ladakh, gave away portions of his territory to the Regent of Tibet. As a result, this lake is divided into India and China. Pangong Lake is still a controversial topic for India and China.

Pangong Lake is also called Pangong Tso because of its mixed heritage. The primary source of pollution in Pangong Lake is the increasing tourism in Ladakh. Pangong Lake has started facing the threat of pollution recently. Recent increasing tourism in the Himalayas has contributed to the pollution in Pangong Lake. The lake contains saline water. As a result, the water of the river gets frozen during the winter season. So, tourists get the opportunity to do ice-skating and play polo in the lake.

Pangong Lake History

Ten Lines on Pangong Lake

  • Pangong Lake is a well-known endorheic lake that flows from India to China. This lake is situated at the height of 4350 m.
  • Pangong lake covers Ladakh and West Tibet.
  • Approximately 50 per cent of Pangong lake is in Ladakh, and 40 per cent is in West Tibet. The rest 10 per cent is controversial but controlled by China.
  • Pangong Lake is also called Pangong Tso because of its mixed heritage.
  • The length of Pangong Lake is approximately 160 kilometres.
  • The primary source of pollution in Pangong Lake is the increasing tourism in Ladakh. Pangong Lake has started facing the threat of pollution recently.
  • Pangong Lake is an integral part of the geopolitical relation between India and China. The lake flows through the line of actual control (LAC) of these two countries.
  • The colour of the water of Pangong Lake changes to blue, green, and red.
  • The water of Pangong Lake contains a large amount of dissolved salt which results in complete freezing of the water during the winter season.
  • Pangong Lake is still a controversial topic for India and China.

FAQs on Pangong Lake

Question 1.
What is the length of Pangong Lake?

Answer:
The length of Pangong Lake is approximately 160 kilometres.

Question 2.
Why does the water of Pangong Lake get frozen in winter?

Answer:
The water of Pangong Lake contains a large amount of dissolved salt which results in complete freezing of the water during the winter season.

Question 3.
What is the primary source of pollution in Pangong Lake?

Answer:
The primary source of pollution in Pangong Lake is the increasing tourism in Ladakh.

Question 4.
Does the colour of the Pangong Lake change?

Answer:
Yes, the colour of the water of Pangong Lake changes to blue, green, and red.

Kaveri River | Kaveri River Map, System, Pollution, History and Importance

Kaveri River

Kaveri is like a lifeline to two South Indian states- Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, which runs to the Bay of Bengal. It is the basic source of water for utilisation for most purposes, including drinking, electricity, and irrigation. People in South India believe it to be Goddess for the farmers to serve their crops throughout the year. Also, it falls in the category of being holy rivers of India.

Top 10 Largest Rivers in India, you would also find the details about Indian River Systems and major rivers of India.

Kaveri River Details

Name of the River Kaveri River
Source of Origin Talakaveri in Brahmagiri, in Kodagu district, Karnataka
Location Western Ghats of Karnataka
Tributaries
  • Harangi River
  • Arkavathi River
  • Noyyal River
  • Hemavati River
  • Kabini River
  • Lakshmana Tirtha
  • Bhavani River
  • Amaravathi River
Length 800 Kilometer
Importance Drinking-Water, Domestic Use, Irrigation, Sacred river as Goddess Kaveriamma
Pollution Domestic water discharge, Nitrates in sediment samples, sewage waste, and agricultural runoff

About Kaveri River

Kiver Raveri is also famous with the name of River Cauvery, which originates from the Western Ghats in Karnataka in south India. The elevation of the river is 1,341 meters above sea level and flows for 800 kilometres. It flows from Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. People worship it in the name of Goddess Kaveriamma. In South India, it falls as the third largest river after Krishna and Godavari. It has many tributaries flowing along with it.

The direction of the flow of water with Kaveri river is southeast originating from Kodagu district in Karnataka. Also, it flows through the Chamarajanagar district, which gives rise to the island Shivanasamudra. It is the basic source of water for the people residing in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Also, it is the source of hydroelectricity for them. For centuries, this river serves for irrigating crops. It is like lifeblood to the major cities in the states.

Kaveri River History

Flowing for 800 kilometres before entering the Bay of Bengal, River Kaveri has major historical significance. This river has been a sign of inspiration for major civilizations. The course of River Kaveri is the birthplace for many forms of art, philosophy, and culture. The journey through the Western Ghats from its birth from Talakaveri is believed to high historical and cultural importance. It is an eastern flowing river that forms a delta on the eastern coastline before it falls into the Bay of Bengal.

The history of the Kaveri River is associated with Sivasamudram Waterfalls and Hogennekkal waterfalls. Also, it is famous for The Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary built by its side. The meaning of the river Kaveri is Ponni. Kaveri has major significance for its sacred importance as believed by the people. People of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu associate this river with Goddess Kaveriamma. Thus it has major, major significance in Hinduism.

Kaveri River Map

Kaveri River stretches for 800 kilometres before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The major part of the river flows through two states of India- Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It flows for 320 Kilometers in Karnataka and 416 Kilometres in Tamil Nadu. The river flow direction is from North West to South East, built since the 2nd century AD. It is a dense river that forms the delta before joining the Bay of Bengal.

There are several tributaries formed by River Kaveri, which further form small sub-tributaries. Some of the known tributaries formed by river Kaveri in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are:

  • Arakavathy (area covered 4351 sq. km)
  • Hemavathy (area covered 5410 sq. km)
  • Harangi (area covered 717 sq. km)
  • Kabini (area covered 7040 sq. km)
  • Shimshal (area covered 8469 sq. km)
  • Lakshmana Thirtha
  • Suvarnavathy (area covered 1787 sq. km)

Kaveri River System

River Kaveri is the sacred river of South India, which flows over 800 kilometres in the Peninsular region of Western Ghats. It has a great association with Hinduism as Hindus believe it to associate with Goddess Kaveriamma. It falls in the category of holy rivers in India. This river is the basic source of everyday water usage in the two major states of India. Kaveri is an astern flowing river that has a catchment area of around 81,155 square kilometres.

The major part of the river flows from Tamil Nadu, around 420 kilometres, and the rest from Karnataka and Kerala. Over the decades, this river has provided livelihood to many people. The largest temple is built at the place of its origin for Goddess Kaveri.

Kaveri River Pollution

Untreated effluents have been the major cause of polluting river water. Also, Kaveri has become one of the victims of it. This untreated waste becomes the reason for polluting water, which is the major source for domestic use. There have been noticed changes in the Kaveri River due to waste disposal in it over the years.

Not only this, there is one more reason for the cause of water pollution that is depleting forests that resided on the banks of the river. Also, people are disposing of their untreated sewage waste in the river. In the last 20 years, there has been a decline in 28 per cent of forest area on the banks of the river Kaveri. One reason behind such is an urban settlement. It is has deprived of the water quality of the river. The untreated waste from the paper mill of Madhya Pardesh is also one reason for polluting Kaveri water.

Kaveri River Importance

Kaveri River has spiritual and historical importance in India’s history. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu believe it to be a sacred and holy river associated with Goddess Kaveri. Also, a huge temple is built on the river’s birthplace to pay tribute to Goddess Kaveri. Without a doubt, this river has provided livelihood to many people. Also, it has been the basic source of drinking water and for domestic use. This eastern flowing river is the third largest South India river that flows through the Western Ghats from North West to South East.

There are several dams built over Kaveri, and thus it is the basic source of hydroelectricity for the two major states- Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The importance and tales for this river remain unlimited to discuss.

Short Essay on Kaveri River

Kaveri River is the basic source of water for two major states of South India. It provides livelihood to the farmers for irrigation and agriculture. Also, the good number of dams built over the river generates good hydro-power. The river covers three states and a union territory and flows towards the south-east, originating in the Northwest direction.

The origin of the river is at Brahmagiri Hills in Kodagu district of Karnataka. At the origin of the river at Talakaveri, a huge temple is built in association with Goddess Kaveri. Thus for Hindu people, it is a holy and sacred river of South India. Extending to 800 kilometres, this river drains into the Bay of Bengal and forms a delta at its end.

This river forms two islands after it splits in Karnataka- Shivanasamudra, and Srirangapatna. The third island is formed in Tamil Nadu named Srirangam. It is a dense river that spreads over the area of 81,155 sq. km. Major tributaries formed by river Kaveri includes Arakavathy, Hemavathy, Harangi, Kabini, Shimshal, Lakshmana Thirtha, and Suvarnavathy.

The major water source for Banglurur, the IT city, is the Kaveri River, which stores water at Torekandanahalli. The major dams built over the Kaveri River include Upper Anicut in Tamil Nadu, the Krishna Raja Sagar Dam (KRS) built-in Mandya, and three other dams Amaravati Dam, Mettur Dam, and Kalani Dam constructed in Tamil Nadu.

Kaveri River

10 Lines On Kaveri River

  • Kaveri River is the sacred river of South India that originated from Karnataka and flowed through Tamil Nadu.
  • It is the basic water source for irrigation, agriculture, domestic use, and electricity generation in the two states.
  • The river extends to 800 kilometres forming a delta before it falls to the Bay of Bengal.
  • It is the third-largest South Indian river that gives birth to several tributaries, which further form sub-tributaries.
  • Kaveri forms islands of Srirangapatnam and Sivanasamudra in Karnataka.
  • It has the greatest importance in Indian history for Hindu people. They associate it with Goddess Kaveri.
  • The catchment of the Kaveri River covers the area of 81,155 sq. km.
  • The head of the Kaveri river is TalaKaveri, which is the birthplace of the river.
  • About 28 percent of forest clearance is observed near the Kaveri River banks for the last 20 years.
  • There are many stories associated with Kaveri. However, the tale of Lopamudra is the major one.

FAQs On Kaveri River

Question 1.
From where Kaveri originates?

Answer:
Beginning from Talakaveri, Kodagu district of Karnataka, Kaveri flows through the Western Ghats in the South-East direction. The river flows through the two major South Indian states- Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Some part of it flows through Kerala and one Union Territory.

Question 2.
What is the historical importance of the Kaveri River?

Answer:
River Kaveri is famous as a holy and sacred river of South India. People, especially in Tamil Nadu, associate it with Goddess Kaveri. Another historical importance of the river is the tale of Lopamudra and Agastya’s Wife.

Question 3.
What is the other name of the Kaveri River?

Answer:
Kaveri has another name as Cauvery. This is an anglicised name of the Kaveri River. This river has been serving people for the past many decades.

Question 4.
What is the name of the Kaveri River in Karnataka?

Answer:
The river is famous with the name of Lopamudra in its origin state. Also, it is famous as Agastya’s Wife. Agastya married Lopamudra for her beauty. He kept Lopamudra hidden in the water pot and hence famous for this historical story.

Rivers in India | Check out the List of Longest & Major Rivers of India for All Secondary Classes Exams, Quizzes, Govt Exams

Rivers-in-India

A River is a natural flowing watercourse, often freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake, or another river. Rivers acts a major role in the development of the country. India is a land of rivers and the Indian River System is categorized into two parts – Himalayan Rivers and Peninsular Rivers.

Many of the Indian rivers stream eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal but three rivers in India only run from east to the west Narmada, Mahi, and Tapti River. Though the Nile is the longest river in the world, have you ever searched for the longest river in India? If not yet, then let’s find out the 10 longest rivers of India from this page. Along with the Top 10 Largest Rivers in India, you would also find the details about Indian River Systems and major rivers of India.

So, let’s start with the Top 10 Longest Rivers in India and collect the information like length, origin, Tributaries, Discharge of its water, etc. for each Indian River.

Top 10 Longest Rivers in India | Rivers of India

Name of Rivers Length (Km)
1. Indus River 2900
2. Brahmaputra River 2900
3. Ganga River 2525
4. Godavari River 1465
5. Krishna River 1400
6. Yamuna River 1376
7. Narmada River 1312
8. Mahanadi River 851
9. Kaveri River 800
10. Tapi River 724

Rivers in India

List of Major Rivers of India Flowing into the Bay of Bengal

  1. Meghna River Basin
  2. Ganges River Basin
  3. Brahmaputra River Basin
  4. West Bengal Coastal
  5. Odisha Coastal
  6. Godavari River Basin
  7. Krishna River Basin
  8. Pennar River Basin
  9. Kaveri River Basin
  10. Tamil Nadu Coastal Rivers

Largest Rivers of India Flowing into the Arabian Sea

  1. Indus Basin
  2. Narmada River Basin
  3. Mahi River Basin
  4. Sabarmati River Basin
  5. Tapi River Basin
  6. Maharashtra Coastal Rivers
  7. Coastal rivers of Goa
  8. Karnataka Coastal Rivers
  9. Kerala Coastal Rivers
  10. Sindhu River
  11. Purna River

Important Rivers flowing into the Inner Part of India

  • Ghaggar River in Haryana, Rajasthan
  • Samir River
  • Luni River at Rajasthan
  • Bhavani River at Tamil Nadu

About Indian River Systems

The river systems of India can be classified into four groups viz.

  • Himalayan rivers
  • Deccan rivers
  • Coastal rivers
  • Rivers of the inland drainage basin.

List of Major Indian River Systems

Most of the rivers release their waters into the Bay of Bengal. Some of the rivers flow through the western part of the country and joins into the Arabian Sea. All major rivers of India originate from one of the three main watersheds-

  • The Himalaya and the Karakoram range
  • The Chota Nagpur plateau and Vindhya and Satpura range
  • The Western Ghats

The following table provides details about the major river systems in India:

Indian River Systems
River System Total length Length in  India
Indus River System 3180  km 1114 km
Brahmaputra River System 2900 km 916 km
Ganga River System 2510 km 2510 km
Yamuna river System 1376 km 1376 km
Narmada River System 1312 km 1312 km
Tapi River System 724 km 724 km
Godavari River System 1465 km 1465 km
Krishna River System 1400 km 1400 km
Cauvery River System 805 km 805 km
Mahanadi River System 851 km 851 km

Interesting Facts about Indian Rivers

The below points are some of the important facts about Indian Rivers and all they are most important for UPSC & Other Board Classes Quizzes, competitive exams, and board exams:

  • Ganga is known as the Padma river when it enters Bangladesh.
  • The Brahmaputra is the ninth largest river in the world by discharge and the 15th longest. It is known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in China, Dihang in Arunachal Pradesh, and Jamuna in Bangladesh.
  • Indus, Jhelum, Ravi and, Satluj are the rivers that originate in India and flow into Pakistan.
  • Mahanadi used to be known as the distress of Odisha because it caused a lot of floods in the state. The situation has been brought under control by building Hirakud Dam on Mahanadi.
  • Majuli is the river island in the Brahmaputra in the state of Assam. Majuli is the world’s largest river island in India.
  • Most of the Indian rivers flow from the West to East direction to empty in the Bay of Bengal.
  • Only a few like Narmada, Tapti, and Sabarmati rivers flow from East to West direction.
  • River Yamuna is the longest tributary in India & the most polluted river in India.
  • Thamirabarani is the only perennial river in South India.
  • The Ganga and the Brahmaputra together form the largest delta in the world – the Sunderban Delta.
  • Triveni Sangam is the place where three holy rivers, Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, meet. It is located in Prayag Raj, also known as Sangam City.
  • The Godavari is the longest river in Southern India and also known as Dakshin Ganga.
  • The highest waterfall in India – Jog Falls is formed when the Sharavathi river flows from a height of 829 ft.
  • Two major rivers flowing in Rajasthan – Luni, and Banas have inland water drainage, i.e., they do not empty into the ocean, but get lost in the sand.

Summary

We have listed all Top 10 longest, largest, & major Rivers in India. Also, you will found the Indian River System from the above article. So, find out the facts about Indian rivers and get complete knowledge about them to attempt various exams. Rivers hold prominent value not merely to human life but also helps animals and trees.

Moreover, visit our website for accurate information about Important Lakes in India & prepare for all primary and secondary exams as well as competitive exams, quizzes.

Vembanad Lake History, Map, System, Pollution and Importance

Vembanad Lake

Vembanad Lake is also commonly referred to as Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol and is situated in Kerala, spanning several districts. As it passes through the different districts, it goes through several local name changes as well.

Vembanad Lake Details

Name of the Lake Vembanad Lake; also Punnamada Lake, Kochi Lake
Sources of Origin Six rivers- Achankovil River, Manimala River, Meenachil River, Muvattupuzha River, Pamba River and Periyar River
Location Spanning several districts in Kerala – Kochi, Kottayam, Alleppey
Size
  • 96.5 kilometres (60 miles) in length
  • 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) at its maximum width
  • 12 meters (39 feet) at its maximum depth
Area 2033 square kilometres (785 square miles)

About Vembanad Lake

Vembanad Lake or Vembanadu Lake is in Kerala, spanning several districts including Kottayam, Alleppey (Alappuzha) and Kochi (Ernakulam). The lake is even named differently in these different districts – Vembanad lake in Kottayam, Kochi Lake in Kochi and Punnamada Lake in Alleppey. The lake predominantly lies in Kochi, and thus most prominently exists as Kochi Lake. A lot of islands also surround this portion of the lake, and the entire area as a whole is called the Vembanad wetland, which also encompasses the Vembanad backwaters.

Some parts of the Vembanad Lake have high levels of pollution, but most parts seem to be unaffected by the same. The lake is a host to several migratory birds, and is also home to over a hundred different birds. In fact, the lake also has the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary on its east coast, which is a major tourist attraction. Being at the heart of the famous Kerala backwaters, the Vembanad lake is filled with house boats that are perfect for attracting even more tourists to the wetland.

Vembanad Lake History

It should be known that Vembanad Lake is the longest lake in India and it also happens to be the largest lake in Kerala with a surface area of 2033 square kilometres, or 785 square miles. It finds its roots in the remains of the Arabian Sea before it withdrew beyond the shore a thousand years ago. It was after this that the lake became part of the larger spectrum of the Kerala backwaters that the state is widely known for.

Vembanad Lake has a history of drownings that have taken place over the years. This includes a boat capsize in March of 1980 where thirty people drowned, in 1962 a motor boat capsized and killed several people, in 1987, a country boat carrying seven farm workers capsized, in 1990, a country boat was lost and another seven people died. The incident at the Vembanad Lake which is most commonly known is the Kumaran Asan incident which took place at the Pallana island 13 kilometres south of Alleppey which took place in 1924. Kumaran Asan was a poet and social reformer who drowned and died in the Vembanad Lake.

The Vembanad Lake is part of a larger wetland system, one which comes under the protection of the Ramsar Convention of 2002 which looked at the conservation as well sustainable utilisation of wetlands. The Vembanad Wetland system is one of three wetlands that were talked about during the Ramsar Convention.

Have a look at the List of Important Lakes in India that you need to know for your competitive exams to score well.

Vembanad Lake Map

On a map, Vembanad Lake lies at the bordering line of Kottayam, Alleppey and Kochi districts, such that it is stretched out over these three districts vastly. With a maximum length of 96.5 kilometres, a maximum width of 14 kilometres, a depth of 12 metres and a huge surface area of 2033 square kilometres, the Vembanad Lake is the largest lake in Kerala, as mentioned before. The Vembanad-Kol Wetland is the official name of the area that the lake encompasses, including the islands it houses, which are Pathiramanal island, Perumbalam island and Pallippuram island.

The Vembanad Lake finds its inflows from about six rivers, namely the Achankovil River, Manimala River, Meenachil River, Muvattupuzha River, Pamba River and Periyar River. Due to this, the water of Vembanad Lake is mostly freshwater from the rivers. The lake empties out into several canals, which also happen to be the linking factors of the Vembanad Lake to other coastal lakes in the area.

The lake is separated from the saltwater seas by a salt water barrier that was constructed for this very purpose, called the Thanneermukkom barrier. This barrier divides the lake into two parts, one where the freshwater from rivers is clean and the other part has more brackish water.

To put the location of the lake into perspective, Vembanad Lake passes through Kottayam at a point where the city lies between the lake and the highlands, and through Alleppey at a point where the city lies between the lake and the Laccadive Sea. Kochi is located right where the lake opens up into the Laccadive Sea, and is thus also named the port city.

Vembanad Lake System

The Vembanad Lake, stretching through multiple districts in Kerala, has quite an intricate network of other water bodies connecting to it and sprouting from it along its path. This network includes its inflowing rivers and its outflowing canals, and also the lagoons and estuaries that root from it. The inflowing rivers of the Vembanad Lake include Muvattupuzha River, Meenachil River, Pamba River, Achankovil River, Manimal River and Periyar River.

This is beneficial for water transportation facilities as the network that the canals, lagoons and estuaries of Vembanad Lake pass through several villages as well. On the whole, the network of canals stretches out in all four directions; from north to south, the total distance it covers is about 196 kilometres, and from east to west, the canals cover about 29 kilometres. For this reason, waterways running along the Vembanad Wetland have been declared a National Waterway.

Vembanad Lake Pollution

Vembanad Lake is said to be one of the most polluted water bodies in the world, according to some comprehensive research studies which have been conducted over the years. Research studies have been conducted to find out about the levels of microplastics in the Vembanad Lake, as microplastics are some of the most toxic pollutants today. The amount of the same was found to be extremely high in all ten samples which had been collected from different parts of the Vembanad Lake.

Research has found that the next most common pollutant in Vembanad Lake (after microplastics) include different materials like glass, metal, plastic, etc. Even things like textile, cardboard, cigarette buds and rope have been found in the lake, acting as pollutants. Pesticides from passing-by farms, sewage effluents, organic waste, etc. has led to an overall decrease in the oxygen level of the water. A decrease in oxygen levels is harmful for the aquatic life in any water body.

Vembanad Lake Importance

The Vembanad Lake, since it was part of the Ramsar Convention of 2002, holds incredible importance as a wetland holding not only national, but international importance. Within India, it is the second largest wetland site with mangroves stretching out to around 2033 square kilometres, coming in second only after the Sundarbans. Adding to its vastness, because of its long-stretched canals, it has also been given the title of a National Waterway.

The lake provides sustenance to several people in the areas it passes, which includes approximately 16 million people. This is not only in terms of providing them with their water needs, but also in terms of livelihood activities such as lime shell collection, fishing, tourism, agriculture, coir retting, and very importantly, inland navigation.

In terms of ecology, the Vembanad Lake is incredibly important as well. It has the third largest population of waterfowls in India, is the perfect home for various fish, and is even home to over a hundred breeds of birds. In fact, the Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is close to the lake as well.

Short Essay on Vembanad Lake – 200 words

Vembanad Lake lies in Kerala and is the longest lake in India and largest lake in Kerala. Its alternate names include Vembanad Kayal, Vembanad Kol, Punnamada Lake and Kochi Lake. It stretches out over three main districts of Kerala, which are Kottayam, Alleppey and Kochi and helps provide sustenance to all the people that come in its path. This includes by providing them with water and also means of livelihood such as fishing, agriculture, tourism, etc.

The sources of Vembanad Lake are a few freshwater rivers, namely Achankovil, Manimala, Pamba, Periyar, Muvattupuzha and Meenachil Rivers. The lake outflows through its canals which spread for vast distances in all four directions. It also encompasses several islands, such as Perumbalam, Pathiramanal, Palippuram, Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam island.

Vembanad Lake holds international importance as it has been included by the Ramsar Convention for conserving and sustainably utilising wetlands from the year 2002. Because of its widespread canal system, the lake has also been declared a National Waterway by India. It is also important because it is home to many fauna, such as several birds and fish.

However, like all other water bodies in India, even Vembanad Lake is highly polluted with several pollutants, such as microplastics, plastic, metal, glass, cloth, sewage, pesticides, etc. This is proving to be severely harmful for the aquatic life living in the lake.

Vembanad Lake

10 Lines on Vembanad Lake

  1. Vembanad Lake has a maximum length of 96.5 kilometres, maximum width of 14 kilometres, maximum depth of 12 metres, and surface area of 2033 square kilometres.
  2. Vembanad Lake is the longest lake in India and largest lake in Asia.
  3. Vembanad Lake passes through three districts of Kerala – Kottayam, Alleppey and Kochi.
  4. The source of Vembanad Lake is freshwater rivers.
  5. Vembanad Lake has a large system of estuaries, lagoons and canals.
  6. Vembanad Lake is part of the three internationally important wetlands of the Ramsar Convention.
  7. Many accidents by drowning have taken place on the Vembanad Lake over the years where boats have been capsized and people have died.
  8. Vembanad Lake provides sustenance to 16 million people.
  9. A lot of fauna such as fish and birds rely on Vembanad Lake.
  10. Vembanad Lake is one of the most polluted water bodies in the world by sewage effluent, pesticide, organic waste, microplastics, etc.

FAQs on Vembanad Lake

Question 1.
What is the size of Vembanad Lake?

Answer:
The surface area or size of Vembanad Lake is 2033 square kilometres, and it is the largest lake in Kerala. It has a maximum length of 96.5 kilometres, making it also the longest lake in India. Its maximum width is 14 kilometres and its maximum depth is 12 metres.

Question 2.
How is Vembanad Lake related to the Ramsar Convention?

Answer:
The Ramsar Convention took place in 2002 and aims at conserving and using wetlands sustainably. It looked at the three largest wetlands in India and the preservation and utilisation of the same. Vembanad Lake is part of this list of three wetlands, coming in a close second only to the Sundarbans.

Question 3.
What are the sources of the Vembanad Lake and where does its water flow to?

Answer:
Vembanad Lake finds its sources in freshwater rivers, which are the following:

  • Achankovil River
  • Manimala River
  • Pamba River
  • Periyar River
  • Muvattupuzha River
  • Meenachil River

Its water flows out through different canals which flow 196 kilometres from north to south and 29 kilometres from east to west. In this way, the lake is also very well connected to a lot of villages surrounding Kottayam, Ernakulam and Alleppey.

Question 4.
What’s the importance of Vembanad Lake?

Answer:
Vembanad Lake is home to a lot of kinds of fish and birds, and even has a bird sanctuary closeby. It also provides sustenance to 16 million people by providing water as well as means of livelihood in the form of fishing, tourism, agriculture, etc. Vembanad Lake is also a National Waterway because of its well connectedness via canals. It also holds international importance as a wetland through the Ramsar Convention.