NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Textbook Exercises

1. Multiple choice questions:

1. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material:
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer:
(b) Cement

2. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATASTEEL
(d) MNCC
Answer:
(b) SAIL

3. Which of the following industry uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel.
Answer:
(a) Aluminium

4. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Electronic
(d) Information Technology.
Answer:
(a) Steel

2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:

i) What is manufacturing?
ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.
iv)What are the basic industries? Give an example.
v) Name the important raw-materials used in manufacturing of cement.
Answer:
(i) Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw-materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.

(ii) The three physical factors that affect location of industries are the following:
(a) Availability of raw-materials, (ii) Availability of labour, (iii) Climate.

(iii) The three human inputs that control location of industries are the following:
(i) Available labour force.
(ii) Capital and transport facilities.
(iii) Government policies.

(iv) Basic industries are those industries which supply their products (raw-materials) to manufacture other goods: Example: Iron-steel Industry

(v) The important raw-materials used in manufacturing of cement are limestone, silica, aluminia and gypsum.

3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.

(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?
Answer:
(i) An integrated steel plant is large. It handles everything in one complex from putting together raw material to steel making rolling and shaping. The mini steel plants are smaller; they have elastic furnaces; they use steel scrap and sponge iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specification.

The problem faced by this industry include:
(a) high costs of cooking coal, (b) limited availability of coking coal, (c) low productivity of labour, (d) irregular supply of energy, (e) poor infrastructure.
Liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI) have led to the rise in the production capacity.

(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer:
Industries mainly create four types of pollution which in turn degrade the environment. These are (a) Air, (b) Water, (c) Land, (d) Noise.

Air pollution:
1. The smoke emitted by the industries pollute air and water very badly.
2. This pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases, such as carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide.
3. Dust, fume, mist, spray and smoke released from the industries contain both types of particles: (a) solid, (b) Liquid.
4. This pollution is very harmful for human health, as well as for animals, plants, materials and for the atmosphere.

Water pollution:
1. Sources for this pollution are numerous. However its main source is the organic and inorganic discharge from the industries.
2. The principal industries creating water pollution are paper, pulp, textiles, chemicals, petroleum, refining tannery and electroplating.

Land pollution:
Land and soils is polluted by the industrial wastes containing toxic metals.

Noise pollution:
Land and soil is polluted by the industrial wastes containing toxic metals.

Noise pollution:
1. It is very harmful, it causes impairment of hearing as well as many other physiological and psychological problems.
2. Industrial noise, particularly from mechanical saws and penumatic drills cause unbearable sound.

Despite of all its harmful effects, industrial work can’t be stopped. On the other hand much of the pollution can be prevented be carefully planning and siting of industries, better design equipment and better operation of the equipment.

(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry.
Answer:
The following steps can be taken to minimise environmental degradation by the industry:
(i) minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process.
(c) Territary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes.

Activity

Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.

1. Using to drive machinery 5. Pumps
2. People who work in a factory 6. Worker
3. Where the product is sold 6. Market
4. A person who sells goods 8. Retailer
5. Thing produced 7. Product
6. Middlemen 10. Wholesaler
7. To make to produce 11. Manufacture
8. Land, water and air degarded 9. Pollution

Solve the puzzle by following you search horizontally and diagonally to find the hidden answers.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

1. Textiles, Sugar, Vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw-materials from agriculture are called as…Agro based,
2. The basic raw-materials for sugar industry. Sugarcane.
3. This fibre is also known as ‘Golden Fibre’. Jute
4. Iron-ore, Coking coal, and Limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry: Steel.
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh. Bhilai
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttai Piadesh at this piace. Varanasi
Hints: Some of them are being market. Others, students may do with the help of the teachers.

Answers the following with regard to cotton-textile industry:
(i) Which three states have the largest number of mills?
(ii) What could be the reason for locating the industry in these states?
(iii) Name three large centres for each of these three states.
Answer:
(i) Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh.
(ii) Availability of raw cotton and markets.
(iii) Maharashtra: Mumbai, Pune, Wardha.
Gujarat: Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat.
Uttar Pradesh: Moradabad, Kanpur, Agra.

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries.

Ray Optics MCQs for NEET

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MCQ on Ray Optics

1. What is the distance between two convex lenses LA and LB with focal lengths FA and FB?
(a) FA+FB
(b) FA-FB
(c) FA
(d) FB

Answer

Answer: (a) FA+FB


2. If a medium has a critical angle for total internal reflection from the medium to vacuum as 300, what is the velocity of light in the medium?
(a) 0.5 × 108 m/s
(b) 3 × 108 m/s
(c) 1.5 × 108 m/s
(d) 0.2 × 108 m/s

Answer

Answer: (c) 1.5 × 108 m/s


3. The combination of which of the following processes results in the formation of a rainbow?
(a) Dispersion and Total Internal Reflection
(b) Dispersion and Absorption
(c) Refraction and Scattering
(d) Dispersion and Focussing

Answer

Answer: (a) Dispersion and Total Internal Reflection


4. What is the focal length of a double concave lens with a radius of curvature 20 cm, if the refractive index of the glass with respect to the air is 5/3?
(a) 20 cm
(b) -20 cm
(c) 15 cm
(d) -15 cm

Answer

Answer: (d) -15 cm


5. A diverging lens of power 65 D is combined with a convex lens of focal length, f = 20 cm. What are the power and focal length of the combination?
(a) 5 D, 33.7 cm
(b) 5 D, 66.7 cm
(c) 1.5 D, 33.7 cm
(d) -1.5 D, 66.7 cm

Answer

Answer: (b) 5 D, 66.7 cm


6. When a thin convex lens of glass 5D is immersed in a liquid, it behaves as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm. What is the refractive index of the liquid?
(a) ⅓
(b) ⅔
(c) ⅗
(d) 5/3

Answer

Answer: (d) 5/3


7. The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is 100. What is the focal length of the objectives and eyepiece of the distance between them is 101 cm?
(a) 1 cm and 10 cm respectively
(b) 1 cm and 100 cm respectively
(c) 10 cm and 1 cm respectively
(d) 100 cm and 1 cm respectively

Answer

Answer: (d) 100 cm and 1 cm respectively


8. If an equiconvex lens of focal length f and power P is cut into half in thickness, what is the focal length and power of each half?
(a) Zero
(b) f/2
(c) f
(d) 2f

Answer

Answer: (d) 2f


9. A prism has an angle 600 and refractive index √2, what is the angle of minimum deviation?
(a) 900
(b) 600
(c) 450
(d) 300

Answer

Answer: (d) 300


10. What is the correct relationship between refractive indices n,n1 and n2 if the behaviour of light is as shown in the figure?
Ray Optics MCQs for NEET
(a) n1>n
(b) n1<n
(c) n1=n
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (b) n1<n


All Chapters NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Free PDF Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight Free PDF Download

Students who find solving the exercise questions asked at the end of the NCERT Textbook of class 10 English first flight difficult can access the PDF solutions from this article. Here we have provided the chapterwise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight in PDF format. All these solutions are curated as per the latest and updated NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Language and Literature

CBSE NCERT Solutions of Class 10 English First Flight Prose and Poem

Here are the chapterwise pdf links for both prose and poem books of First Flight. Simply tap on the respective chapter link and download NCERT Solutions with ease in Pdf format.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight (Prose)

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English First Flight (Poem)

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Std Books English Medium

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Why are some People more Intelligent than Others

Why are some People more Intelligent

Are you a student or working professional who wants to perform better than other people? Do you admire people who have made a great career through their intelligence? If your answer is yes, this article will help you out to perform better than others.

The life histories of the CEOs of fortune 500 companies or successful start-up owners are often fascinating and exciting. Students often admire the best performing student in the class. In general, we all admire successful people, get inspired by their struggle, and wish to be like them. If you are a student, you might have wished to get the first position in a competitive exam.

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If you are a working person, you might have wished to get an admired position. If you are a player, you must try hard to win challenging games. But, you may often think that those people have a different level of intelligence or natural talent. You probably think that they have something extra in their brain or body which you do not have. As a result, you accept it as divine talent and doubt your ability to be the one.

But, the reality is entirely different than your thoughts. There is nothing called divine talent. Everything is in our hands if we want to make it. There is a path which can be followed to reach the level of those people whom you admire.

Some people indeed get a lot of advantages to reaching the top place. For example, people who are already rich and have good connections, become successful with less effort. This single fact should not discourage you because this thing is minimal. If you try your best, there is a 90 percent chance that you will get success.

In this article, you will see how divine talent is a myth. It is not true that every successful person has an added advantage. Though most of the people in our society believe that successful people have god-gifted talent, practice is the key to success. The famous proverb, ‘practice makes perfect’ is true. If you try and practice, there is a 99 percent chance that you will become successful.

What makes a Person Genius?

Some people believe that genius people are born with unique talents. Others believe that geniuses can be made. A boy who scores poorly in academics can learn complex formulas of Physics if he tries to understand it properly. It is hard work that helps people to get success, not any divine gift. One professor of Exeter University told that exceptionally talented people have much in common with ordinary people.

Creativity depends more on consistency than natural skills. Indeed, everyone can not be a genius. It is because it takes a lot of effort to be a genius. Everyone doesn’t have the same level of patience and desire. Geniuses are passionate about what they do and maintain constant hard work. Geniuses are focused on people who know exactly what they want in their lives.

These people work dedicatedly towards achieving their goals. Every great mind has struggled and strived to achieve their goals. Geniuses also make mistakes but what sets them apart from others is their long-term commitment.

Many people think that Albert Einstein was a failure in school. But, the truth is that he was always a high achiever and his family has a strong scientific interest. Innovation doesn’t exist only in the scientific field. The Bronte sisters are another example of geniuses.

They have started writing great novels from the beginning. They practised and perfected their skills over a period of time. George Eliot had undergone excellent training to make herself a serious writer. Some people also lose their talent without practice.

Many musicians, including some of the greatest musicians of the world, practised a lot to become significant composers. Geniuses have a strong sense of purpose and motivation. These people also can maintain consistency and resist distractions. Geniuses focus on particular goals.

Why does the Myth Exist?

We know or learn about a famous person only when s/he becomes popular. We bother a little to know about their struggle. Though there are many biographies and inspirational videos, we do not know about them. We only see the reward, not the hard work behind it. As a result, a knowledge gap is created.

We think that it is impossible to reach their current state. If we know about a genius’s life, it will look similar to us. People who are not born as intelligent, become intelligent through their positive qualities. For example, when a person becomes a successful doctor, we admire them.

We do not notice how much hard work s/he did to get the degree. The idea is straightforward. To be the best, you have to do something more than the rest. Patience and hard work are the key players in someone’s success.

Nativism

It is popularly known that particular physical characteristics are determined by genetic inheritance like the type of hair, the colour of eyes, type of skin, and many other things. This knowledge helped a lot of people to think that psychological characteristics are also determined by genetic inheritance like behavioural tendency, mental ability, personality, and many other things. Believers of this concept are called nativists.

These people believe that human beings are the products of evolution, and individual differences occur due to unique genetic codes. If a person is smarter than others at a younger age, these people call it genetic influence. If a person becomes smarter later in life, nativists call it intelligence with maturity.

Empiricism

The empiricists believe that human minds are blank at birth, and it grows gradually with experience. These people believe that the level of intelligence in a child depends on his/her learning and development. These people also believe that people learn from the environment. Freud believed that parenting has a significant role in the psychological development of a child.

Conclusion

Geniuses are not born but made. We think that genius people have certain divine qualities, and we can not be like them. It is because we know famous people after their success. We do not know about then their fields are gifted, and hence no amount of work can take them to that level.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि

We have given detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि Questions and Answers will cover all exercises given at the end of the chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Ruchira Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि

अभ्यास के प्ररनौं के उत्तर

प्रश्न: 1.
सर्वान् श्लोकान् सस्वरं गायत।(सभी श्लोकों को स्वर से गाएँ)
उत्तर
छात्राः स्वयं गायन्तु।

प्रश्न: 2.
यथायोग्यं श्लोकांशान् मेलयत
(क) – (ख)
धनधान्यप्रयोगेषु – नासद्भिः किञ्चिदाचरेत्।
विस्मयो न हि कर्तव्यः – त्यक्तलज्जः सुखी भवेत्।
सत्येन धार्यते पृथ्वी – बहुरत्ना वसुन्धरा।
सद्भिर्विवादं मैत्री च – विद्यायाः संग्रहेषु च।
आहारे व्यवहारे च – सत्येन तपते रविः।
उत्तर
(क) – (ख)
धनधान्यप्रयोगेषु – नासद्भिः किञ्चिदाचरेत।
विस्मयो न हि कर्तव्यः – त्यक्तलज्जः सुखी भवेत्।
सत्येन धार्यते पृथ्वी – बहुरत्ला वसुन्धरा।
सद्भिर्विवादं मैत्री – विद्यायाः संग्रहेषु च।
आहारे व्यवहारे च – सत्येन तपते रविः ।

प्रश्न: 3.
एकपदेन उत्तरत
(क) पृथिव्यां कति रत्नानि ?
उत्तर
त्रीणि।

(ख) मूढैः कुत्र रत्नसंज्ञा विधीयते ?
उत्तर
पाषाणखण्डेषु।

(ग) पृथिवी केन धार्यते ?
उत्तर
सत्येन।

(घ) कैः सङ्गतिं कुर्वीत ?
उत्तर
सद्भिः

(ङ) लोके वशीकृतिः का ?
उत्तर
क्षमा।

प्रश्न: 4.
रेखाङ्कितपदानि अधिकृत्य प्रश्ननिर्माणं कुरुत
(क) सत्येन वाति वायुः।
(ख) सद्भिः एव सहासीत।
(ग) वसुन्धरा बहुरला भवति।
(घ) विद्यायाः संग्रहेषु त्यक्तलजः सुखी भवेत्।
(ङ) सद्भिः मैत्रीं कुर्वीत।
उत्तर
(प्रश्ननिर्माणम्)
(क) केन वाति वायुः ?
(ख) कैः एव सहासीत ?
(ग) का बहुरत्ना भवति ?
(घ) कस्याः संग्रहेषु त्यक्तलज्जः सुखी भवेत् ?
(ङ) कैः सह मैत्री कुर्वीत ?

प्रश्न: 5.
प्रश्नानामुत्तराणि लिखत

(क) कुत्र विस्मयः न कर्तव्यः ?
उत्तर
दाने, तपसि, शौर्ये, विज्ञाने, विनये, नये च विस्मयः न कर्तव्यः।

(ख) पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि कानि ?
उत्तर
पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलम्, अन्नं सुभाषितं च सन्ति।

(ग) त्यक्तलजः कुत्र सुखी भवेत् ?
उत्तर
धनधान्य-प्रयोगेषु, विद्यायाः संग्रहेषु, आहारे व्यवहारे च त्यक्तलज्जः सुखी भवेत्।

प्रश्नः 6.
मञ्जूषातः पदानि चित्वा लिङ्गानुसारं लिखत
रत्नानि, वसुन्धरा, सत्येन, सुखी, अन्नम्, वह्निः, रविः, पृथ्वी, सङ्गतिम्।
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि 1
उत्तर
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि 2

प्रश्न: 7
अधोलिखितपदेषु धातवः के सन्ति ?
पदम् – धातुः
कर्तव्यः …………..
पश्य …………..
भवेत् …………..
स्थितः …………..
उत्तर
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि 3

बहुविकल्पी प्रश्न

(i) पृथिव्यां कति रत्नानि ?
(A) द्वे
(B) त्रीणि
(C) चत्वारि
(D) पञ्च।
उत्तर
(B) त्रीणि

(ii) मूढः कुत्र रत्नसंज्ञा विधीयते ?
(A) खण्डेषु
(B) रत्नेषु
(C) पाषाणेषु.
(D) पाषाणखण्डेषु ।
उत्तर
(D) पाषाणखण्डेषु ।

(iii) पृथिवी केन धार्यते ?
(A) असत्येन
(B) सत्येन
(C) बलेन
(D) संकल्पेन।
उत्तर
(B) सत्येन

(iv) कैः सङ्गतिं कुर्वीत ?
(A) सद्भिः
(B) असद्भिः
(C) कुजनैः
(D) दुर्जनैः
उत्तर
(A) सद्भिः

(v) लोके वशीकृतिः का?
(A) रमा
(B) मक्षिका
(C) क्षमा
(D) मक्षिका।
उत्तर
(C) क्षमा

(vi) केन वाति वायुः ?
(A) सत्येन
(B) बलेन
(C) संकल्पेन
(D) असत्येन।
उत्तर
(A) सत्येन

(vii) कैः एव सहासीत ?
(A) कुजनैः
(B) सद्भिः
(C) दुर्जनैः
(D) कदापि।
उत्तर
(B) सद्भिः

(viii) का बहुरत्ला भवति ?
(A) वसुन्धरा
(B) लक्ष्मी
(C) सरस्वती
(D) दुर्गा ।
उत्तर
(A) वसुन्धरा

(ix) कस्याः संग्रहेषु त्यक्तलज्जः सुखी भवेत् ?
(A) कुविद्यायाः
(B) अविद्यायाः
(C) विद्यायाः
(D) सद्यायाः।
उत्तर
(C) विद्यायाः

(x) कैः सह मैत्री कुर्वीत ?
(A) दुर्जनः
(B) कुजनैः
(C) खलैः
(D) सद्भिः
उत्तर
(D) सद्भिः

Class 7 Sanskrit Chapter 1 सुभाषितानि Summary Translation in Hindi

श्लोकों का हिन्दी में सरलार्थ

1. पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्लानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम्
मूढः पाषाणखण्डेषु रलसंज्ञा विधीयते॥ 1 ॥

शब्दार्थाः
पृथिव्याम् = धरती पर।
सुभाषितम् = सुन्दर वचन।
मूढः = मूर्यों के द्वारा।
पाषाणखण्डेषु = पत्थर के टुकड़ों में।
रत्नसंज्ञा = रत्ल का नाम।
विधीयते = किया जाता

सरलार्थ:-धरती पर तीन ही रत्न हैं-
1. जल
2. अन्न तथा
3 कवियों के सुन्दर वचन। मूखों के द्वारा ही पत्थर के टुकड़ों में रत्न का नाम किया जाता है।

भावार्थ:-श्लोक का भाव है कि पृथ्वी पर वास्तविक रत्न तो जल, अन्न तथा कवियों के सुन्दर वचन ही है, जलऔर अन्न से मनुष्यों का जीवन चलता है तथा कवियों के सुभाषित से जीवन सुन्दर बनता है। हीरे, मोती आदि तो पत्थर के टुकड़े हैं। इनसे किसी का जीवन सुन्दर नहीं बनता। अतः इन पत्थर के टुकड़ों को जो लोग रत्न का नाम देते हैं, वे तो मूर्ख ही हैं।

2.सत्येन धार्यते पृथ्वी सत्येन तपते रविः।
सत्येन वाति वायुश्च सर्व सत्ये प्रतिष्ठितम्॥ 2 ॥

शब्दार्थाः
धार्यते = धारण किया जाता है।
पृथ्वी = धरती।
तपते = जलता है, प्रकाशित होता है।
रविः = सूर्य ।
वाति = बहता है/बहती है।
वायुश्च (वायुः + च) = वायु भी।
सर्वम् = सब कुछ।
प्रतिष्ठितम् = स्थित है।

सरलार्थ:-सत्य के द्वारा धरती को धारण किया जाता है। सत्य के बल से ही सूर्य प्रकाशित होता है। वायु भी सत्य से ही बहती है। इस प्रकार सब कुछ सत्य पर ही स्थित है।

भावार्थ:- इस श्लोक में सत्य का महत्व बताया गया है। सत्य के बल पर कठिन से कठिन कार्य किए जा सकते हैं। यह पृथ्वी सत्य के बल पर ही सारे प्राणियों तथा जड़ पदार्थों को धारण कर रही है। सूर्य सत्य के बल पर ही निरन्तर जलता रहता है। वायु भी सत्य के बल पर निरन्तर बहती रहती है। इस प्रकार सारा ब्रह्माण्ड सत्य पर ही टिका हुआ है। अत: सत्य को जीवन में अवश्य ही अपनाना चाहिए।

3.दाने तपसि शौर्ये च विज्ञाने विनये नये।
विस्मयो न हि कर्तव्यो बहुरत्ना वसुन्धरा ॥ 3॥

शब्दार्था:
दाने = दान में।
तपसि = तप में।
शायें = बल में।
विज्ञाने = विज्ञान में, विशेष ज्ञान में।
विनय = विनम्रता में।
नये = नीति में।
विस्मयो न (विस्मयः + न) = आश्चर्य नहीं, अहंकार नहीं।
कर्तव्यः = करना चाहिए।
बहुरना = बहुतरत्नों वाली।
वसुन्धरा = धरती।

सरलार्थ:-दान, तप, बल, विशेष ज्ञान, विनयशीलता, तथा नीति में (किसी को बहुत अधिक बढ़ा-चढ़ा देखकर)
आश्चर्य नहीं करना चाहिए। क्योंकि यह धरती बहुत रत्नों वाली है।

भावार्थ:-इस धरती पर एक-से बढ़कर एक दानी, तपस्वी, बलवान, ज्ञानी, विनयशील तथा नीतिवान् लोग मिल जाते हैं। इनको देखकर साधारण मनुष्य को कोई आश्चर्य नहीं होना चाहिए क्योंकि यह धरती अनेक प्रकार के रत्नों से भरी पड़ी है। दानी, तपस्वी आदि को भी रत्न ही समझना चाहिए। यदि कोई व्यक्ति स्वयं ही दानी, तपस्वी, बलवान्, जानी, विनम्र अथवा नीतिमान् है तो उसे अपने इन गुणों पर कोई अहंकार नहीं करना चाहिए। क्योंकि धरती पर और भी बहुत से दानवीर, तपस्वी आदि विद्यमान हैं।

4. सद्भिरेव सहासीत सद्भिः कुर्वीत सङ्गतिम्।
सद्भिर्विवादं मैत्री च नासद्भिः किञ्चिदाचरेत् ॥ 4 ॥

शब्दार्थाः-
सद्भिरेव (सद्भिः + एव) = सज्जनों के साथ ही।
सहासीत (सह + आसीत) = साथ बैठना चाहिए।
कुर्वीत = करना चाहिए।
सङ्गतिम् = संगति को।
सद्भिर्विवादम् (सद्भिः + विवादम्) = सज्जनों के साथ झगडा/विवाद।
मैत्रीम् = मित्रता को।
नासद्भिः (न + असद्भिः) = असज्जनों के साथ नहीं, दुष्टों के साथ नहीं।
किञ्चित् = कुछ भी, किसी भी प्रकार का।
आचरेत् = आचरण/व्यवहार करना चाहिए।

सरलार्थ:- सदा सज्जनों के साथ ही बैठना चाहिए, सज्जनों की संगति करनी चाहिए, सज्जनों के साथ ही झगड़ा करना चाहिए, सज्जनों के साथ ही मित्रता करनी चाहिए। असज्जनों के साथ किसी भी प्रकार का व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए।

भावार्थ:- एक अच्छा आदर्श व्यक्ति बनने के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह सदा सज्जनों के साथ ही अपना हर तरह का व्यवहार करे। उठना-बैठना, खाना-पीना, हँसना-बोलना, खेलना-झगड़ना, दोस्ती-दुश्मनी सभी प्रकार की संगति सज्जनों

के साथ ही करनी चाहिए। दुष्टों के साथ किसी प्रकार का व्यवहार नहीं करना चाहिए, उनकी संगति से सदा दूर ही रहना चाहिए।

6.धनधान्यप्रयोगेषु विद्यायाः संग्रहेषु च।
आहारे व्यवहारे च त्यक्तलग्जः सुखी भवेत्॥5॥

शब्दार्था:-
धनधान्य-प्रयोगेषु = धनधान्य के प्रयोग में। व्यवहार में।
विद्यायाः = विद्या के, ज्ञान के।
संग्रहेषु = संग्रहों में, अर्जन करने में, संचय करने में, इकट्ठा करने में।
आहारे व्यवहारे = आहार-व्यवहार में।
त्यक्तलजः = संकोच/भीरुता को छोड़नेवाला।

सरलार्थ:- धनधान्य के प्रयोग में, विद्या के अर्जन करने में तथा आहार-व्यवहार करने में संकोच को छोड़नेवाला सुखी रहता है।

भावार्थ:- जो मनुष्य धन-सम्पत्ति के लेन-देन में कभी संकोच नहीं करता, ज्ञान अर्जित करने में सदा उत्साहित रहता है तथा खाने-पीने एवं दुसरे प्रकार के सामाजिक कार्यों में डर-भय छोड़कर व्यवहार करता है, वह सदा सुखी रहता है। जो मनुष्य ऐसा व्यवहार नहीं करते उन्हें बाद में पछताना पड़ता है।

7. क्षमावशीकृतिलोंके क्षमया किं न साध्यते।
शान्तिखड्गः करे यस्य किं करिष्यति दुर्जनः ॥ 6 ॥

शब्दार्था:-
क्षमावशीकृतिलोंके (क्षमावशीकृतिः + लोके) = संसार में क्षमा (सबसे बड़ा) वशीकरण है।
क्षमया = क्षमा द्वारा।
किं न साध्यते = क्या सिद्ध नहीं किया जाता।
शान्तिखड्गः = शान्ति रूपी तलवार करे – हाथ में।
यस्य = जिसके।
किं करिष्यति = क्या करेगा/क्या बिगाड़ेगा।
दुर्जनः = दुर्जन, दुष्ट मनुष्य।

सरलार्थ:- संसार में क्षमा ही सबसे बड़ा वशीकरण अर्थात् दुसरों को अपने वश में करने का साधन है। क्षमा द्वारा संसार में कौन-सा कार्य सिद्ध नहीं किया जा सकता ? अर्थात् सभी कार्य क्षमा से सफल हो जाते हैं। जिस मनुष्य के हाथ में शान्ति की तलवार हो, दुर्जन उसका क्या बिगाड़ेगा ? अर्थात् दुर्जन उसका | कुछ भी अनर्थ नहीं कर सकता।

भावार्थ:- इस श्लोक में क्षमा के महत्व को समझाया गया है। संसार में यदि हम दूसरों को अपना बनाना चाहते हैं-उन्हें अपने वश में करना चाहते हैं तो क्षमा से बढ़कर कोई दूसरा साधन नहीं, क्योंकि क्षमा ही सबसे बड़ा वशीकरण है। शान्त स्वभाव, क्षमाशील मनुष्य का दुर्जन भी कुछ अपकार नहीं कर सकता।