How to become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India | Eligibility, Roles and Responsbilities, Skillset, Salary

How to become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India

How To Become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India?: With an increase in business activities across the world, the need for accountants has also increased drastically. Accountants have a primary role in ensuring that the company grows beneficially. They strategize to bring growth to the company, which other financial departments follow. One of the highest qualifications attained in this field is of a CPA Certified Public Accountant.

What is a CPA?

The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) defines a CPA as a trusted financial advisor who helps individuals, businesses, and other organizations plan and reach their financial goals. CPA Certified Public Accountants are certified professionals specially hired by a company or a firm to handle their accounts department using their high level of knowledge. This course is generally picked up by those who possess an MBA degree, are Chartered Accountants and Company Secretary since they are associated with business strategies.

Refer to Course Details to know more about related courses and find details like Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, etc.

The CPA, Certified Public Accountant is one of the leading positions in the accountancy field worldwide. The AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants) offers the CPA course, which is among the most proficient authorities in Accountancy. CPA’s are globally recognized as leading accountants and are hired in various industries across the world. For those considering a career in accounting, a CPA course is the best option for you.

Courses Available Become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India?

Certified Public Accountant (CPA) is a certification program offered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). It is a good option for students who have completed their CA (Chartered Accountancy) course and are looking for an added credential in their resumes.

CPA Course Eligibility

The eligibility requirements are different according to the state boards. To become a

Certified Public Accountant candidates need to fulfil the eligibility criteria according to their respective state boards of Accountancy. In India, there are 55 states which are members of the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA). The state a license holder should not work outside of India. It is necessary to hold a bachelor’s degree in commerce for doing jobs at the international level. Some universities in India have a prospectus equivalent to thirty module credits of US education. Certain state boards hold award credit for offering international professional courses like Chartered Accountancy. Candidates who possess a bachelor’s degree from NAAC- A grade university in commerce and first division are eligible to take the regular CPA exam.

To appear for the Certified Public Accountant Examination, the candidates must possess any of these qualifications.

  • MBAs
  • Master of Commerce
  • Member of the Company Secretaries in India.
  • Member of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants in India.
  • Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.
  • CA’s with B. Com is also accepted in a few states of the US. Candidates must attain 1-2 years of experience by doing an internship under a CPA

CPA Exam Pattern and Syllabus

The CPA Exam Pattern is divided into four sections. The four divisions of the CPA exam are as follows-

  • AUD – Auditing and Attestation
  • FAR – Financial Accounting and Reporting
  • REG – Regulation
  • BEC – Business Environment Concepts

Syllabus of Auditing and Attestation (AUD)

  • Professional Responsibilities, Ethics and General Principles
  • Assessing Risk & Developing a Planned Response
  • Obtaining Evidence and Performing Further Procedures
  • Reporting and Forming Conclusions

Syllabus of Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR)

  • Conceptual Framework, Financial Reporting, and Standard- Setting
  • Select Financial Statement Accounts
  • Select Transactions
  • State and Local Governments

Syllabus of Regulations (REG)

  • Federal Tax Procedures, Professional Responsibilities, and Ethics
  • Business Law
  • Federal Taxation of Property Transactions
  • Federal Taxation of Individuals
  • Federal Taxation of Entities

Syllabus of Business Environment Concepts (BEC)

  • Internal Controls, Business Processes, and Enterprise Risk Management
  • Economics
  • Financial Management
  • Information Technology
  • Operation Management

The CPA exam is a 16-hour, four-part assessment designed to test the knowledge and skills required in CPA. It is a computer-based test conducted at designated centres in various countries and is the same for all candidates. The test is in the English language, and the question paper consists of MCQ’s, written ability and simulation. Passing marks is 75 on the 0-99 scale.

The CPA exam pattern consists of a total of four parts, with each part allotted with 4 hours to complete

  • Auditing and Attestation (AUD) – 72 MCQs & 8 Task-Based Simulation
  • Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR) -66 MCQs & 8 Task-Based Simulation
  • Regulations (REG) –76 MCQs & Task-Based Simulation

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Business Environment and Concepts (BEC)

The candidate has to complete the four-part assessment in 18 months to be eligible for a CPA license.

The candidates are tested on their educational knowledge and ability to understand significant concepts of the financial and accounting field through this exam.

Candidates can give their exam in the Prometric centres set up in 8 cities of India, which are in the following cities.

  • New Delhi
  • Ahmedabad
  • Bangalore
  • Chennai
  • Calcutta
  • Hyderabad
  • Mumbai
  • Trivandrum

Earn a License

To work as a Certified Public Accountant, professionals need to earn a CPA license of CPA. At the same time, some international enrolment institutions have accreditation for their degrees from recognized universities. Candidates who have passed the exams go for the next stage, which is the AICPA Ethics exam. The shortlisted candidates undergo training and, upon completion, are officially enrolled for the CPA license. The license can be collected by fulfilling the payment and then candidates can start working as a professional. The CPA license has the following requirement.

  • The candidate should be 18 years of age
  • The candidate should have passed the Ethics test
  • The candidates must have worked at least 2000 hours and possess experience in auditing, accounting, consulting and taxation.

Some states give priority to 150 credit hours in particular courses from any accredited institute or recognized university under the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy.

Cost of CPA Course in India

  • Application Fee: The application fee varies from state to state. The fee of the exam is Rs. 3600- 14,500 approximately.
  • Examination Fee: The examination fee for each section of the exam is approximately Rs. 14,100.
  • Registration Fee: The fee is charged according to the state or depends upon the number of sections that you can choose. For example, if you pick four sections at a time, then you should pay approximately Rs 12900
  • Ethics Fees for the CPA exam: To attain an ethics license, you should clear the ethics exam according to your state. The ethics fee ranges approximately 10900 to 14500
  • CPA Licensing Fees: Upon completing the ethics exam, candidates are considered eligible to receive the CPA license. This fee is paid every year and is approximately $ 50 to 500 per year and may vary from state to state.
  • Systematic Professional Education for CPA: These fees are approximately $ 800 and increase up to $5000.

Colleges and Institutes for Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Course

The CPA certification program is an online certification program; hence it is difficult to find colleges and institutions for learning this course. If you have already completed a Postgraduate or degree course, the papers won’t be challenging to clear. There are plenty of online institutes and online course materials to provide enough knowledge on core concepts and papers related to the CPA coursework.

Some sources from which provide reliable knowledge on CPA papers are

  • Piron Education
  • Cpachamps
  • Milescpareview

Adding to these, many online communities help know information on the certification and get notes on the subjects.

Career Opportunities of Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Course

The CPA certificate is an excellent choice to opt for as it allows applying to the top-rated firms in accounting. CPA offers great exposure to international rules and regulations, making you eligible for jobs abroad. Being globally recognized offers students an excellent opportunity to learn and work in a new environment.

In finding job opportunities within India, CPA helps earn a job in the public and private sectors.

The job profiles for which one can apply after completion of the CPA certification are listed below

  • Management trainee
  • Bookkeeper
  • Accounts Payable Clerk
  • Accounting Assistant

How to become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India 1

Roles and Responsibilities of CPA

CPA’s are considered the backbone of the finance department of an organization by playing a vital role in the infrastructure of any company, organization or firm since they are hired for providing insights on financial growth.

The primary roles and responsibilities of a CPA are

  • CPA’s are involved in tasks such as book-keeping (Physical or technical), financial planning, advising, preparing government audits, recording of taxes, financial policies etc.
  • CPA’s maintain the transaction history of the company
  • To keep an eye on the organization’s budget & financial management.
  • To suggest effective methods to save the capital of the firm.
  • To organize and audit transaction reports.
  • To implement monetary benefits.
  • CPA’s are involved in the construction and analysis of budgets
  • CPA’s are responsible for updating and applying with the firm new financial methods.
  • To update the management of tax consequences of business judgement.
  • CPA’s are involved in rectifying the errors, fluctuations caused by monetary activities and money and solving fraudulent activities.
  • They handle tax-related activities such as maintaining tax records, tax collection and on-time tax deposits.
  • CPA’s analyze ledgers and estimate the revenue
  • CPA’s undertake the task to prepare the company balance sheet
  • To act as an advisory for asset safety, company benefits and compensations.

CPA Salary

With an increase in firms, the requirement for CPAs has also increased. With an increase in their requirement, they are paid well. The minimum salary per annum for a CPA is Rs 7.6 lakh per annum.

Conclusion on How To Become a CPA Certified Public Accountant in India?

The CPA course has many benefits as it gives international recognition to candidates aspiring for international certification. The exam is administered by AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants), the world’s largest accounting body. It is a single level online examination consisting of only four papers.

After passing the CPA exam, candidates can pursue their careers with Research firms, Private equity firms, Commercial Banks, Investment Banks & Auditing firms. Overall, CPA is a good option for attaining a qualification as it has an excellent job potential for commerce graduates pursuing accounting.

Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education in India: Eligibility, Duration, Subjects, Colleges List, Career Opportunities, Salary

Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education

In this particular article on Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education, we are going to provide answers to the following questions that one might have and help aspirants to get a complete idea of what a diploma in early childhood care and education course details is all about.

  1. What is a diploma in early childhood care and education?
  2. What are the course structure of a diploma in early childhood care and education?
  3. What is the syllabus for a diploma in early childhood care and education?
  4. Which are the top colleges to pursue a diploma in early childhood care and education?
  5. Who are the top recruiters for a graduate in diploma in early childhood care and education?

In the process of answering the above questions, we aim to provide a holistic 360-degree overview of the course in diploma in early childhood care and education and equip an aspirant with answers to all the questions they might have.

What is a Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education?

A career in early childhood care and education is something that is not quite common, at least not in India. While the scope of the course in terms of job prospects and job satisfaction is very high, the popularity of the course is surprisingly low or not as much as it should have been, especially in a country like India, give the population is over one billion and the number is increasing by the day and the need for quality childhood care is in high demand.

The reasons for this might be plenty, including the social stigma, questions over career stability and financial stability, and doubts over the job market in childhood care and nursery education.

However, this scenario is changing in recent years, and thankfully so. In this particular section of what is a diploma in early childhood care, we are going to give an idea of the course and what your professional life would look like if you plan to get into the field.

The following points should sum up the details for early childhood care and education in India:

  1. A diploma in early childhood care and education is a one-year course and has different eligibility criteria for different universities in India and across the globe.
  2. It is a unique course that mostly falls under the bracket of academic teaching and pre-schooling.
  3. A degree in early childhood care and education will equip a person with detailed knowledge to foster young children upto the age of six. Fostering kids of age as young as six requires a unique set of skills and aptitude and this particular course in Diploma in Childhood care and education will provide the graduate with the same.
  4. A graduate can work in various organizations including private, governmental organizations, ministry of women and child welfare, administrative departments under state and central government of India, nongovernmental organizations, corporate institutions, academic institutions, etc.
  5. The salary structure, course details, career progression, top colleges, and top recruiters are all given in the subsequent sections of this particular article.

Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education Course Structure

The following points will give an aspirant a rudimentary idea about the course structure for a diploma in early childhood care and education:

  1. A diploma in early childhood care and education is a unique course designed for teachers and academicians interested in learning and researching the different aspects of childhood care for kids as young as six years old.
  2. The duration of this course is one year in most public and private universities. However, the duration may vary in deemed universities across the country or in international universities.
  3. The course will be divided into two semesters which includes theoretical subjects as well as on-field training in different NGOs and government-aided organizations that deal with childhood care and education
  4. Some of the most common subjects in both semesters that are taught in the diploma in early childhood education are given in the below table.
  5. On campus, placements are relatively rare in these types of niche diploma courses. However, one can find jobs easily after graduation through off-campus portals and recruitment agencies.

Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education Syllabus | What Subjects are included in Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education?

The following are the subjects that are usually thought in the diploma course in early childhood care and education across the universities, both in private and public universities. While the subjects and syllabus remain more or less the same across the university, the names of the subject and the structure and methodology of teaching might differ from college to college and faculty to faculty within a particular college.

  1. Organizations for children
  2. Early childhood care and education
  3. Theoretical orientations of childhood care
  4. Services for special children
  5. Children with physical disabilities
  6. Behavioral psychology
  7. Communication
  8. Management of Children’s programs
  9. Parent psychology
  10. Communication aid and art

While the above are the most common theoretical subjects, students are also through case study-based projects to enhance their scope of learning.

Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education Colleges List

The following are to be considered as top universities in India to pursue a diploma course in the area of Early Childhood care and education:

  • IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi)
  • Jaipur National University, Jaipur
  • Maharani Teacher Training College, Tiruppur
  • Tamil Nadu Open University
  • SIES institute of comprehensive education
  • Amity University, Noida
  • Perriyar University, Salem
  • Dr. B R Ambedkar University, New Delhi
  •  Guru Kashi University, Bathinda
  • Tata Institute of Social Science

For these courses like diploma in early childhood care and education, the quality and the brand of the college matters less because these are the courses which depend more on the personality in the competency of the student and lessen the technical aspects that are present in the syllabus and the pedagogy. You can even study about PG Diploma in Nutrition And Dietetics Online Course.

Top Companies that hire Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education Candidates

The job prospects for a diploma in early childhood care and education is aplenty and this is one such field that remains untapped and has immense potential in terms of financial and career stability for an aspirant. A student after graduating with a diploma in early childhood care and education can get into the following industries to kick start their career:

  • Government organizations
  • Nongovernmental organizations
  • Private and corporate entities going to csr (corporate social responsibility)
  • Academic institutions
  • Private agencies

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Benefits of Pursuing DECE Course

There are plenty of pros and cons that are associated with niche courses such as a diploma in early childhood care and education that not many might be aware of especially, in academic circles within India. The below points will sum up some of the advantages a.student might experience after pursuing a diploma in early childhood care and education

  • Since the course is just for the one-year duration, students can get into a job market and start earning at a very tender age in their career
  • The professional experience that one attains during the course of a diploma in early childhood care and education can be extrapolated and made us of in their personal life as well
  • The job satisfaction in the field of early childhood care and education that one gets is unseen in any of the mainstream courses like engineering, medicine, or commerce
  • The job opportunities within India and outside are aplenty for a graduate or diploma in early childhood care and education
  • In comparison with other technical courses such as diploma in Engineering or diploma in medicine or a diploma health care, a diploma in early childhood care and education costs much less for an aspirant in terms of college fees and other fees related to extracurricular and co-curricular activities
  • The syllabus and course structure is designed such that people who are really passionate about this field can learn very easily and as a result of it one can say that the subjects thought in this course is comparatively easier when compared to the subject thought in technical courses such as Engineering or medicine

FAQs on Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education

1. Which are the top colleges to pursue a diploma in early childhood care and education in India?
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is undoubtedly one of the top institutes in the country to pursue a diploma in early childhood care and education

2. What will be the starting salary of a graduate with a diploma in early childhood care and education?
While it might be difficult to predict the exact salary or an average salary of a candidate passing out from diploma in early childhood care and education because this number mainly depends on the competency and previous work experience of the candidate. However, after graduation with a diploma in early childhood care and education, a candidate might end up with a salary ranging from INR 30000 to INR 60000 per month

3. Is a diploma in early childhood care and education pursued?
A diploma in early childhood care and education should be done by people who are really passionate about academics, nursery education, and childhood development

4. How to pursue a diploma in early childhood care and education?
Any candidate who has passed the 10th standard or 12th standard with a minimum aggregate of 50% from a University recognized by any of the education boards of India can pursue a diploma in early childhood care and education.

PGDM Course 2022 | Eligibility, Duration, Career, Fees, Syllabus, Salary, Job Opportunities

PGDM Course

PGDM Course: PGDM course full form Post Graduation diploma in management. This was designed to add more skills that you haven’t learned in the MBA yet. What distinguishes PGDM with MBA is PGDM focuses on practical business rather than the theoretical side of the business.

If you are seeking yourself as a perfect businessman shortly then developing conceptual knowledge, communication skills, and impressive behavior is really important. Therefore, the 1 year PGDM course is for you if you want to work in the corporate sector or the management field. This course has all the specific requirements that every candidate should know as a management student.

Get to Know More about other types of Course Details in Stream wise, and Category wise.

PGDM Course Overview

PGDM is the most important quote in the management that provides white job opportunities that are highly paid. This course focuses on improving teamwork and empirical application-oriented studies. It is one of the most successful business school courses in India that is maintaining the syllabus as per the latest market demand, and this is always possible to change the syllabus every year.

PGDM Course Details

The program of this course is nearly designed for the practical business-oriented scheme that drives great success for the students. The degree is equivalent to an MBA but it helps the candidates to go further than a degree. The PGDM program will provide you with great knowledge, communication skills, and add soft skills that easily work on the plan of the industries, governments, and big organizations.

The study pattern may be different from one Institute to another, however, the core essence remains the same— to produce effective managers and entrepreneurs. The ultimate goal of this course is to get the number of jobs in the leading national and international companies by the students.

PGDM Course Eligibility Criteria

For joining the postgraduate diploma in management, a candidate should graduate from a recognized university or a college and require a minimum percentage of 50 to 70%. While the eligibility criteria differentiate from different universities, to make sure you get admission to the desired college, go through the brochure or website.

PGDM Course Benefits

  • Become an essential success tool to get the highest paid jobs.
  • Get a chance to work in multinational companies.
  • You can open the best career opportunities
  • Improve your personality and you will become a better decision-maker.

Best PGDM Courses List in India

Usually, the PGDM course Online is designed as per the latest market demand which will help you to get a chance to learn the current trends. Therefore, you can find this course in multiple specializations. You should choose a specification that you have an interest in.

  • PGDM in marketing to learn better sales distribution and product development.
  • PGDM in finance to understand the dynamics of business needs and accounting.
  • PGDM in IT to learn consultancy and business development skills.
  • PGDM in HR creating job opportunities in organizations.
  • PGDM in hospitality and tourism for booming luxury hotels and tourism.

PGDM Course

PGDM Course Admission Process

A candidate needs to qualify the entrance exams invited by the respective institutes. You have to follow up some entrance exams for the course such as:

  • Common admission test
  • Common Management Aptitude Test
  • Maharashtra common entrance test
  • Common Aptitude Test
  • Management Aptitude Test
  • Symbiosis National Aptitude Test
  • Indian Institute of foreign trade test
  • Institute of rural management Anand
  • MICA admission test

PGDM Course Syllabus

Semester wise PGDM Course subjects details are mentioned here:

Semester 1

  • Management Functions & Behaviour
  • Economic and Social Environment
  • Human Resource Management
  • Introduction to Information Technology

Semester 2

  • Operations Management
  • Quantitative Techniques for Managers
  • Strategic Management
  • Managerial Economics
  • Marketing Management

Semester 3

  • Marketing Management (MM)
  • International Business (IB)
  • Information Systems (IS)
  • Operations Management (OM)
  • Insurance Management (IN)
  • Financial Management (FM)
  • Human Resource Management (HR)

Semester 4

  • Business Law & Corporate
  • Management Information Systems
  • Governance International Business
  • Research Methodology
  • Project Work

PGDM Course Job, Scope and Career Opportunities

With the increase in marketing scope, the large number of job opportunities available for a postgraduate diploma in management students such as Bank jobs, business consultancy export companies, financial organizations, industry houses, and multinational companies. With such a great scope of jobs, the expected average PGDM salary offered is INR 7.4 lacs per annum based on your skills, course type, and the dedication plus experience you have.

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FAQ’s on PGDM Course

Question 1.
What is the difference between MBA and PGDM?

Answer:
The major difference between professional businesses oriented courses is its design. The MBA is a professional degree course whereas PGDM is a diploma course that identical provides a practice-oriented and evidence-based study that makes the aspirants career objectives. Have a look at MBA in Computer Science and MBA in Education Management course details.

Question 2.
Why should you pursue PGDM?

Answer:
The postgraduate diploma in management course generally focuses on making the aspirants confident and practical oriented plus team leaders in their field. There are huge PGDM Course job opportunities in the top sectors such as marketing, finance, HR, IT, and tourism. After completing the course you can opt for the doctoral program too.

Question 3.
Is PGDM available at a distance?

Answer:
Yes, you can go for distance education for the PGDM. However, only a few colleges provide diplomas for the distance such as Dr. Hari Singh Gour University Sagar, Amity University, Indira Gandhi National Open University, etc.

Question 4.
How to prepare for the PGDM entrance exam?

Answer:
The few common preparation tips for the candidates make your time management perfect, enroll in the coaching institutes, practice more, and know the exam pattern.

Question 5.
What is the PGDM Course Fees?

Answer:
The average PGDM Course Fees is ranges from INR 4 to 24 lakhs.

How to become Public Prosecutor in India | Roles, Educational Qualification, Eligibility Criteria, Salary

How to become Public Prosecutor in India

How to Become Public Prosecutor in India?: Are you someone who has a keen interest in learning about laws? Do you want to participate in state affairs through legal terms? If yes, then Public Prosecutor is the right career option for you. To get more information on how to become Public Prosecutor in India, read the complete article.

A public prosecutor is a fragment of the state’s judiciary or judicial procedure, who works as in-charge at the time of litigation, appeal, and other processes related to law. The public prosecutor does not represent any particular community/ party but the state. The major motive of the state is basically to protect the rights of individuals and communities and not to take revenge. Unlike other prosecutors, the public prosecutor does not work in order to win the battle. But instead, they want to aim at discovering the truth.

Refer to Course Details to know more about related courses and find details like Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, etc.

Role of a Public Prosecutor

  • One of the major responsibilities of a public prosecutor is to secure righteous convictions. They act as a source of justice. They represent the departments of State Government.
  • They interrogate and investigate the suspect and ask for an expert examination.
  • They undertake the execution of judgments.
  • They hold command in administration tasks that are assigned by law as a delineative of the public interest.
  • The police assign cases for investigation, and the public prosecutors handle the cases. They decide on whether they should present the case to the court for further proceeding or not.
  • They can also request for the detention of the suspect for medical inspection-physical or mental.

Educational Qualification to become a Public Prosecutor

There are some necessary educational qualifications in order to become a public prosecutor. A person must have a degree in law with essential knowledge of laws. You should have done a Bachelor’s in law (LLB) of 3 or 5 years from any authorized law school that receives recognition by the bar council of India. If you are a graduate, then you can do a 3 years LLB degree or if you are an intermediate pass student then, you can do an LLB for 5 years. In simple terms, only a lawyer can be a public prosecutor.

Under the provision of section 24 of CRPC 1972, a public prosecutor is able to create prosecution, make appeals or ask for judicial proceedings in the High court to the Supreme court, in the Central Government, or the State government. The State government appoints the public prosecutor for every district. The appointment of a public prosecutor is for strengthening the judicial procedure. It is also possible that in every state, the appointment of more than one public prosecutor occurs.

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Salary of a Public Prosecutor

The salary of a public prosecutor who is decent at the entry-level varies from 3-4 lakhs. With experience and gain of knowledge, there is an increment in the salary of a public prosecutor, from mid-level to a higher level, it goes from 8-12 lakhs.

Eligibility Criteria to become a Public Prosecutor

In order to become a Public Prosecutor, you need to satisfy some eligibility criteria such as:

  • A Candidate must have to be a citizen of India
  • You must have a degree in law.
  • You should have experience of a minimum of seven years as a lawyer.
  • While applying for the post, your age must not be less than 35 years of age and should not be more than 45 years of age.
  • There is an accoutrement for providing relaxation to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Backward Classes in terms of age.
  • The creation of lists is a part of the process for eligible candidates at the deliberation of the magistrate of the district and sessions judges. If the name of the candidate is not present in the list that is created under subsection (3) by the magistrate of the district and the session judges. Then, in this scenario, the State Government will not be able to appoint a person as a public prosecutor in any district.
  • To become a public prosecutor, a candidate must have to appear in the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for the position of Public Prosecutor. After clearing the exam, a person has to give the interview. On the basis of both things, the candidate will have a notification of the selection through email.

If you are someone who loves to investigate, learn and solve inexplicable cases that are associated with state and governmental matters, then a public prosecutor is the right profession for you.  If you satisfy the eligibility criteria, then you should definitely go through the exam and procedure.

How to become Public Prosecutor in India

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air

Air Class 7 Questions and Answers Geography Chapter 4

Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 NCERT Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Answer the following questions :

(i) What is the atmosphere?
Answer:
A blanket of air surrounding the earth is called atmosphere.

(ii) Which two gases make the bulk of the atmosphere?
Answer:
Nitrogen and oxygen are the two gases which make the bulk of the atmosphere.

(iii) Which gas creates green house effect in atmosphere?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide creates a green house effect in the atmosphere by trapping the heat radiated from the earth.

(iv) What is weather?
Answer:
The hour-to-hour, day-to-day condition of the atmosphere is called weather.

(v) Name three types of rainfall.
Answer:
The three types of rainfall are“
Cyclonic rainfall
Relief (Orographic) rainfall
Convectional rainfall

(vi) What is air pressure?
Answer:
The pressure exerted by the weight of the air on the earth’s surface is called air pressure.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer :
(i) Which of the following gases protects us from harmful sun rays?
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Nitrozen
(c) Ozone
Answer:
(c) Ozone.

(ii) The most important layer of the atmosphere is-
(a) Troposphere
(b) Thermosphere
(c) Mesosphere
Answer:
(a) Troposphere.

(iii) Which of the filling layers of the atmosphere is free from clouds?
(a) Temperature
(b) Air pressure
(c) Stratosphere
Answer:
(c) Stratosphere.

(iv) As we go up the layers of the atmosphere, the pressure.
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remain the same
Answer:
(b) decreases.

(v) When precipitation comes down to the earth in the liquid form, it is called
(a) cloud
(b) rain
(c) snow
Answer:
(b) rain.

Question 3.
Match the following-

(i) Trade winds (a) Seasonal wind
(ii) Loo (b) horizontal movement of air
(iii) Monsoon (c) permanent wind
(iv) Wind (d) local wind

Answer:

(i) Trade winds (c) permanent wind
(ii) Loo (d) local wind
(iii) Monsoon (a) Seasonal wind
(iv) Wind (b) horizontal movement of air

Question 4.
Give reasons-
(a) Wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day?
(b) Amount of insolation decreases from equator towards the poles
Answer:
(a) When the air is full of water vapour we call it a humid day. On a humid day, the capacity of the air to hold more water vapours decreases. Hence, wet clothes take longer time to dry on a humid day.

(b) The equator is near the sun than the poles. The sun rays directly fall on the equator while the sun rays are slanting towards the poles. Hence the amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards the poles.

Question 5.
For fun-
(a) Solve this crossword puzzle with the help of given clues?
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air 1

Across Down
6. An Indian tree having extraordinary quality of providing oxygen round the clock 1. Amount of water vapour in air
8. Gas present in atmosphere occupying only 0.03% by volume 2. Condensation of water vapours around dust particles in atmosphere
11. Outermost layer of atmosphere 3. Example of local wind blowing in summer in northern India
12. Mixture of many gases 4. Short term changes in atmosphere
14. Life giving gas 5. Precipitation in liquid form
15. Air in motion 7. Blanket of air around the earth
16. An Indian tree valued highly for medicinal properties 9. Instrument to measure pressure
18. Gas protecting us from harmful sunrays 10. Incoming solar radiation
19. Low pressure area 13. Reduces visibility in winters
17. It is time when sun is overhead

Answer:
Across :
6. Peepal
8. Carbon dioxide
11. Exosphere
12. Air
14. Oxygen
15. Wind
16. Neem
18. Ozone
19. Cyclone.

Down :
1. Humidity
2. Cloud
3. Loo
4. Weather
5. Rain
7. Atmosphere
9. Barometer
10. Insolation
13. Fog
17. Noon.

(ii) Make a weather calendar for one week. Use pictures or symbols to show different types of weather. You can use more than one symbol in a day, if the weather changes. For example, the sun comes out when rain stops. An example is given below-
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air 2
Answer:
NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Air 3

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science

How to become an Economist in India | Salary, Skill set, Eligibility, Entrance Exam

How to become an Economist in India

How to Become An Economist in India?: Economic growth means that the country’s income is growing, consumption of goods and services is increasing, and people’s living standards are rising. A country’s growth is directly dependent on its economic growth, which has led to an increase in demand for economists.
Refer to Course Details to know more about related courses and find details like Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, etc.

Refer to Course Details to know more about related courses and find details like Admission Process, Eligibility Criteria, etc.

Many companies and businesses realize the benefit of hiring an economist. This increased the potential of a better job opportunity and a lot of scope in this field, attracting students. If your country’s economy is something you’re passionate about, then knowing how to become an economist in India will help you tremendously.

Who is an Economist?

Economists are the ones who study and analyze statistics and data and, based on their analysis, forecast how the economy of the country will take shape in the coming future. They act as guides for governments and organizations to make financial decisions to achieve the growth target. They also aid them in deciding on policies for the betterment of a country’s economy.

Eligibility Criteria Of Becoming An Economist In India

For being eligible to become an economist, there are certain criteria that a student needs to fulfill. These are.

  • The candidate must have a 10+2 degree from a government-recognized school.
  • Holding a bachelor’s degree in economics from a good college.
  • Completing a two-year master’s course.
  • The age of the candidate should be between 21 to 30 years.
  • Clear the entrance test of the organization that you want to join as an economist.

How to become an Economist in India 1

Skills Needed To Be An Economist

Apart from the educational qualification, one needs to possess other skills that will be beneficial in succeeding as an economist.

  • Communication Skills.
  • English speaking and writing.
  • Analytical and Numerical Skills.
  • Being passionate about what you do.
  • Keeping up to date with the new developments in your field.
  • A positive attitude.
  • Problem Solving.

Top Institution In India Where You Can Study Economics

There are several colleges and institutions in India which offer economics courses. Try to choose the colleges with the best ranking and reputation. Not only do they have the best faculty to offer you proper guidance and knowledge, but they will also help you score a well-paying job soon after completion of your course. Some of the best colleges in India where you can study economics are.

  • Shri Ram College Of Commerce, New Delhi
  • Stephens College, New Delhi
  • HR College Of Commerce And Economics, Mumbai
  • Loyola College, Chennai
  • Thakur College Of Science And Commerce, Mumbai
  • Presidency College, Kolkata
  • Shantiniketan Group Of Colleges, Bengaluru
  • Lady Shri Ram College of Women, New Delhi
  • M.O.P. Vaishnav College For Women, Chennai
  • Delhi School of Economics, New Delhi
  • SIES College Of Arts, Science And Commerce, Mumbai
  • Xaviers College, Mumbai
  • R Institute of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai
  • Narsee Monjee College Of Commerce And Economics, Mumbai
  • Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

See More:

List Of Entrance Exams for Becoming An Economist

There are two different ways you can get admission in a course for studying economics. Some colleges use your 10+2 marks to prepare a merit list based on the number of applications. Others have an entrance examination that you would need to qualify to get admission. Some colleges might consider your marks from 10+2 and the marks scored by you in the entrance exam to prepare a merit list. Some of the entrance exams conducted by top colleges of India are.

  • DUJAT, Delhi University Joint Admission Test: An entrance test you need to qualify for admission in Delhi University colleges.
  • NPAT, National Test for Programs After Twelfth: It is a university-level entrance test that you need to qualify for getting admission in Narsee Monjee College Of Commerce And Economics, Mumbai.
  • SET, State Level Eligibility Test: A state-level exam conducted by several states for hiring an economics lecturer or professor.
  • CUET, Christ University entrance Test: An entrance test conducted twice a year by Christ University for admission in economics courses.
  • IPU-CET, Indraprastha University Common Entrance Test: An entrance test you need to qualify for getting admission in UG or PG courses in economics in Indraprastha University.
  • DU DSE, Delhi University Delhi School Of Economics: An entrance test explicitly conducted for admission in Delhi School Of Economics.
  • ISI Admission Test, Indian Statistical Institute Admission Test: You need to qualify for this entrance test for admission to Indian Statistical Institute.
  • JNU Entrance Test: An entrance test for admission to Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi

Courses Available In Economics

For building a career as an economist, you would need to have studied economics. There are a wide variety of courses that you can choose depending upon your qualifications and interest.

If you have just completed your 10+2, then getting an admission in a bachelor’s course for economics would be the right path for you to become an economist. You can do any of these courses for your bachelor’s degree.

  • B.Com. in Business Economics – 3 years course
  • B.Com. in Applied Economics – 3 years course
  • B.A. in Business Economics – 3 years course
  • BBE – 3 years course

After completing your bachelor’s degree, you would need to do a postgraduate program in economics. You have these options for your master’s that you can do.

  • M.Com. in Applied Economics – 2 years course
  • M.A. in Economics – 2 years course
  • M.Sc. in Financial Economics and Administration – 2 years course
  • M.Phil. in Business Finance & Economics – 2 years course

Getting a Ph.D. degree would open the doors for you to enter the teaching profession if you ever wish to do so.

  • Ph.D. in Business Economics – 2 years course

Admission Procedure

All the top colleges, whether they are private or government, have two procedures for admission.

  • Selection By Merit List

For admission in a bachelor’s program, the colleges prepare a merit list based on the marks obtained by students in 10+2. Anyone scoring a good percentile would have a better chance of getting an admission.

For masters, the colleges consider the marks obtained by students in their bachelor’s degree.

  • Selection By Entrance Exam

In this mode of admission, any student interested in getting access to any particular college will have to sit in the entrance exam taken by that college and qualify for it.

  • Combination Of Both

Some colleges prepare their merit list based on the marks scored by a student in 10+2 or graduation and the marks scored in the entrance examination.

Course Fee

The fee of studying economics will depend upon the college and the course you will choose.

Doing a bachelor’s degree in a government college can cost you anywhere from 25000 to 10000 rupees for the whole course. The government runs several scholarship schemes for economically weaker classes. If you choose to do your course at a private institute, then it can cost you more.

On average, doing any course in economics will cost you around 25000 to 3 lakhs. Annum.

Different Types Of Economists

After completion of your studies, there are a lot of different economists jobs that you can take. Some of them are.

  • Research Economist: Their job is developing mathematical models and explaining their essential elements like demand and supply chain. They use statistics, mathematics and apply principles of economics to do so.
  • Industrial Economist: Their job is related to studying the organizational structure of any industry and improving the company’s profit by applying the principles of economics. As an economist, it should be their responsibility to increase the company’s income.
  • Financial Economist: The job of a financial economist is to set the monetary policy and predicting the economic performance of a country in the future.
  • Business administrator: An economist working as a business administrator would be responsible for setting a company policy. Regulation of various areas of international trade policy also comes under their domain.
  • Labor’s Economist: Working as a labor economist would require an economist to manage the supply of laborers corresponding to the demand by employers. Setting up policies for the wages of laborers and their welfare is also a task of a labor economist.

There are many options for an economist, and you can choose the one that you like.

Career Options for An Economist

After completing a course in economics successfully, a candidate will have many career options that they can choose from. Some of the fields best suitable for an economist are.

  • Banks
  • Census Organization
  • Finance and investment firms
  • Labor departments
  • Business journals and newspapers
  • Employment organizations
  • Government and public enterprises
  • Labor tribunals
  • Stock exchange
  • Research organizations
  • Market research organizations
  • Media houses

Job Opportunities for Economists

Many companies, businesses, and organizations, both private and government, hire economists to analyze and predict future sales and business. Some of the top recruiters hiring for economists are.

  • Reserve Bank Of India
  • Rest other public and private banks in India
  • Indian Econmic Services
  • SEBI
  • LIC
  • Economic Times
  • CNBC
  • HSBC
  • Business India

Salary Of An Economist

After completing your economics degree, you can choose to work with either a private or government organization. How much salary you as an economist will get at first will depend upon the college you studied in and the marks you scored. After you have gained some experience as an economist, then your work will determine your pay.

In a government organization, an assistant-level economist will get a salary of 20 – 25000. Experienced economists in government agencies have an average of 30000 rupees as salary.

Working for the private sector, an economist will get a much higher package depending upon their experience.

If you choose to teach at a college, you can expect an average salary of 50 – 70000 rupees per month depending upon your seniority.

How to become an Economist in India 2

Conclusion

With the governments and organizations realizing the importance of economists, this field has a lot of scopes. However, the path of becoming a successful economist is not easy, and a candidate would need to work hard for it. If you want to make a career as an economist, you need to start right after completing your 10+2. Follow the steps discussed in the article to achieve your dream.