Kishen

Introduction

A judge can be portrayed as an arbitrator, i.e. the person who decides on a matter in the court. On the contrary, a magistrate may be a regional judicial officer who is elected by the judges or the arbiters of the Supreme Court of the state to take care of law and order in a specific region or area.

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What is the Difference Between Magistrate and Judge?

About Magistrate

A civil or judicial official vested with limited judicial powers a traffic magistrate. A municipal, state, or federal judicial officer commonly authorized to issue warrants, hear minor cases, and conduct preliminary or pretrial hearings. — also called magistrate judge.

There are four categories of magistrates within the Judiciary Of India. This classification is given within the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC). It specifies that in each sessions district, there shall be:

• A Chief Judicial Magistrate
• A Sub-Divisional Judicial Magistrate
• A Judicial Magistrates First Class, and
• An Executive Magistrates [including DM, ADMs, SDMs]

These magistrates are generally conferred on the officers of the Revenue Department, although a politician is often appointed exclusively as an Executive Magistrate. Usually, the Collector of the district is in charge as the DM.

About Judge

A judge is the one who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a neighbourhood of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, discipline, method of appointment, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is meant to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court.

The judge hears all the witnesses and the other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the parties’ credibility and arguments, and then issues a verdict on the matter at hand based on their interpretation or understanding of the law and their judgment in personal. In some jurisdictions, the judge’s powers could also be shared with a jury.

Difference Between Magistrate And Judge

Area Of Difference	Magistrate	Judge
Designation	The term magistrate is used in various systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.	A judge is a person who supervises over court proceedings, either alone or as a neighbourhood of a panel of judges.
Discipline Of Work	There are four categories of magistrates within the Judiciary Of India. This classification is given within the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC).	The judge is meant to conduct the trial impartially and, typically, in an open court.

Similarities Between Magistrate And Judge

• When hearing a case in court, both the magistrates and judges have to look at it with an unbiased opinion and have no prejudices.
• They both have to make sure that no party is treated unfairly. Not only that but both parties must have a good sense of judgement.
• Judges generally hear larger, more complex cases while magistrates listen to smaller matters such as petty crime and traffic offences.

Frequently Asked Questions on Difference Between Magistrate and Judge

Question
Is magistrate and judge the same?

Answer
Judges generally hear larger, more complex cases while magistrates hear smaller matters such as petty crime and traffic offences.

Question:
Who is more powerful? The judge or the magistrate?

Answer:
A Judge is bestowed with more powers than a Magistrate. A magistrate has only administrative and limited law enforcement powers.

When we think of the word ‘city’ we often think of tall buildings with glass windows, good roads, lots of traffic and a very high number of people populating the area. On the other hand, when we think of the word ‘village’ we usually think of cowsheds, huts, kutcha roads, lots of agricultural fields and a very less number of people populating the area. However, these are very mild generalisations that we have about what a city and a village is. The following are some of the differences between city and village.

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What is the Difference Between City and Village

 

Boundary

A city usually has set limits which are reinforced using governmental measures such as toll booths. Villages are generally communities of people living in an area together, and the boundary of the village extends to the areas occupied by the community. The difference is that cities have properly demarcated boundaries whereas villages generally do not.

Population

The population in small towns and villages is generally quite low as compared to that of cities. This is because a lot of people living in villages end up migrating to bigger cities in search of educational and employment opportunities. It is perceived that better wages can be found in the cities in comparison with villages (and as per the minimum wage requirements, this also holds true). Thus, there is an influx of villagers into cities, increasing by the year, decreasing the population of villages by transferring these people to cities.

Occupations

The most common occupation in villages, since these are remote areas, is agriculture and related occupations. The families in villages either own their land or work as tillers on someone else’s land and are paid for it. Open fields or agricultural lands are vast in villages, thus making agriculture the primary occupation. Cities are best known for the big companies that build offices there and provide employment to millions of people. A lot of people aspire for jobs in the IT or finance industry, which are abundant in cities, as employees of companies in such industries get paid hefty salaries along with great benefits as well.

Infrastructure

You have probably heard of the demarcative terms ‘rural’ and ‘urban’. When we talk about rural areas, we talk about places that are generally less developed on the whole, and when talking about urban areas, we refer to areas which are more developed. The infrastructure consists of the institutions and systems that a government is meant to provide for its people, such as educational institutions like schools and colleges, medical institutions like hospitals and clinics, electricity supply, water supply, paved roads, etc.

Usually, villages face shortages in most infrastructural areas, whereas cities are developed and have more infrastructure put in place. This is also the reason why a lot of people living in villages aspire to migrate to big cities to accomplish their goals of education and employment because it is more accessible and widely available in cities as compared to villages.

Transportation

While transportation is a form of infrastructure, it holds a lot of value in itself. There is a large difference in the transportation facilities between cities and villages. Where villages get relatively infrequent buses and train stations are sometimes far, cities have constantly running metros, trains, autorickshaws, buses, etc. Commuting in cities is easier than commuting in villages, especially if one does not own a vehicle of their own.

Communalism, regionalism, and Secularism are three different, yet very important political ideologies. All of them have their belief systems and varying modes of Application. All three are effective in shaping the fundamental growth factor of a country. In India, all three factors play a vital role in assuring peace in society. Additionally, for the development of a nation as a whole, they all play equally important roles.

Communalism stands for prioritising affiliations towards a person’s separate ethnic group instead of the entire society.

Regionalism stands for the political ideologies that focus on developing a social or political system based on one or many regions.

Secularism is the principle stating that all the state affairs are distinct from religious issues and beliefs, and vice versa.

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What is the Difference between Communalism, Regionalism, and Secularism

Communalism, Regionalism, and Secularism are three vital aspects of a political system. There are many variations in the beliefs and ideologies of all the three factors, and they are differentiated below based on the stated varying factors:

Based on Ideology:

• Communalism refers to a philosophical notion or belief.
• Regionalism gets motivated by inequalities based on economic status, social and cultural factors.
• Secularism is a belief that any state and religion must never interfere in each other’s affairs.

Based on Effects:

• Communalism leads to tension, competition, and ferocity among the various communities.
• Regionalism threatens the unity and integrity of the nation.
• Secularism, if correctly initiated, might bring stability and peace in the society.

Based on Expression:

• Communalism demonstrates the expression of any community’s superiority and other communities’ intolerance.
• Regionalism is an expression of group identity for the region under consideration.
• Secularism treats all the religions equally and expresses that none of the religions will seek any favours over any other one.

Based on Application:

• Communalism is utilised as a powerful instrument that is available not for capturing state power, but for operating in the social, political, and economic domains.
• Regionalism applies by any religious groups or parties to expand their interest at other regions’ expenses. It is a major drawback of Federalism in India.
• Secularism applies mainly to societies that have people of different cultures and religions. It aims at making the state neutral for the residents of all the religions.

Based on the Place in Society:

• Society generally considers Communalism as an unfavourable factor.
• The lower segment of the entire population denies supporting regionalism. The segment that does not believe the factor does not believe in the country’s upliftment.
• Secularism lays down even in the Indian Constitution, following 1976’s 42nd amendment.

Based on origin:

• Murray Bookchin, a socialist author, coined the term ‘communalism’ in the early 20th century.
• Pointing out the exact origin of the term ‘regionalism’ is a harder act. Still, experts believe that the ancient empires’ imperialistic practices were the earliest manifestations for the concept.
• George Holyoake, a British writer, first coined the term ‘secularism’ in 1851. He invented the term for describing his views of promotion of a social order separate from any religion.