MCQ Questions

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Guru Nanak was born on 29 November 1469 at Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī (present day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) near Lahore. His parents were Kalyan Chand Das Bedi, popularly shortened to Mehta Kalu, and Mata Tripta. His father was the local patwari (accountant) for crop revenue in the village of Talwandi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gobind Singh was the only son of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh guru, and Mata Gujri. He was born in Patna, Bihar in the Sodhi Khatri family while his father was visiting Bengal and Assam.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Banda Bahadur, a Sikh leader who led a revolt against the Mughals after the assassination of Guru Gobind Singh, was captured and executed during the reign of Farrukh Siyar.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Guru Gobind Singh had sent Banda Bahadur to Punjab to crush the enemies of Khalsa.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : According to Guru Nanak Salvation could be obtained In the service of God. He said, “Serve God. Serve humanity. Only service to humanity shall secure for us a place in heaven”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Guru Nanak appointed Bhai Lehna as the successor Guru, renaming him as Guru Angad, meaning “one’s very own” or “part of you”. Shortly after proclaiming Bhai Lehna as his successor, Guru Nanak died on 22 September 1539 in Kartarpur, at the age of 70.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Guru Ramdas, 4th Sikh Guru laid the foundation of city of Amritsar in 1577.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The land was a gift from the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1542-1605) to Guru Amar Das’s daughter, Bibi Bhani, married to (Guru) Ram Das. The name “Amritsar” was originally given to this holy pool created by the fourth Sikh Guru. Amritsar is one of five holy sarovars (sacred pools) in this city.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh leader who, by early 1700, had captured parts of the Punjab region. Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I failed to suppress Bahadur’s uprising. In 1714, the Sirhind faujdar (garrison commander) Zainuddin Ahmad Khan attacked the Sikhs near Ropar. In 1715, Farrukhisyar sent 20,000 troops under Qamaruddin Khan, Abdus Samad Khan and Zakariya Khan Bahadur to defeat Bahadur. After an eight-month siege at Gurdaspur, Bahadur surrendered after he ran out of ammunition. Bahadur and his 200 companions were arrested and brought to Delhi; he was paraded around the city of Sirhind. Bahadur was put into an iron cage and the remaining Sikhs were chained.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Zafarnāma (Epistle of Victory) was a spiritual victory letter sent by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1705 to the Mughal Emperor of India, Aurangzeb after the Battle of Chamkaur. The letter is written in Persian verse.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Adi Granth, the first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, added one shloka, dohra mahala 9 ang, 1429 and all 115 hymns of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur. This second rendition came to be known as Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Wazir Khan sent two Afghan Pathan assassins Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg to attack the Guru during his sleep at Nanded, the Guru’s resting place. They stabbed Guru Gobind Singh in his sleep.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The period following the execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur – the father of Guru Gobind Singh, was a period where the Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb was an increasingly hostile enemy of the Sikh people. The Sikh resisted, led by Gobind Singh, and the Muslim-Sikh conflicts peaked during this period.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked to convert to Islam. He refused, was tortured and executed in 1606 CE. Historical records and the Sikh tradition are unclear whether Guru Arjan was executed by drowning or died during torture. His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : ‘Adi Granth’ (Guru Granth Saheb) is the holy book of sikhs. It was, first compiled by Guru Arjun Dev.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On the death of his father Guru Ramdas, Guru Arjan the youngest child of Guru Ramdas, ascended the Gaddi of Guruship in 1581, and on assuming the Guruship, moved from Goindwal to Chak Ramdas Pur and started the construction of a grand Sarovar and later Harmandir Saheb in the middle of the Sarovar. The Sarovar was termed a pool of nectar (Amrit Sarovar) and the city was named as Amritsar due to this.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The second sikh Guru, Guru Angad Dev wrote the first biography of Guru Nanak Dev.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khalsa Panth was established by tenth Sikh Guru Govind Singh in 1699.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company between 1845 and 1846. It resulted in partial subjugation of the Sikh kingdom.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Zafar-Nama’ (Declaration of Victory) was a victory letter sent by tenth Sikh Guru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1705. It was written in Persian Language.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : ‘Akaal Takht’ means the time less throne. It is a building in the premises of Golden Temple, complex Amritsar. It was established by Sikh Guru-Guru Hargobind Sahib.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Guru Nanak was born on 29 November 1469 at Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī (present day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) near Lahore.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khalsa (Punjabi: “the pure”) refers to both a special group of initiated Sikh warriors, as well as a community that considers Sikhism as its faith. The Khalsa tradition was initiated in 1699 by the last living Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh. Its formation was a key event in the history of Sikhism.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Sikh Empire (Sarkar-i-Khalsa) was founded by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Lahore was the political capital of Maharaja Ranjit singh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1675 Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi on 11 November under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Apostolate of the Sikhs consisted of 10 leaders.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bichitra Natak, an autobiography generally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Guru was summoned to Delhi by Aurangzeb on a pretext, but when he arrived, he was offered, “to abandon his faith, and convert to Islam”. Guru Tegh Bahadur refused, and he and his associates were arrested. He was executed on 11 November 1675 in public in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Battle of Chamkaur, also known as Battle of Chamkaur Sahib, was fought between the Khalsa led by Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal forces led by Wazir Khan. Guru Gobind Singh makes a reference to this battle in his victory letter Zafarnama.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In 1675 Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed in Delhi on 11 November under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Three of his colleagues, who had been arrested with him, were then put to death in front of him. He continued his refusal to convert to Islam.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Razia, the Only Muslim Woman Ruler of India. She was Born on October 1205 in Budaun, Mughal empress Razia Sultana was given the name Raziyya al-Din upon birth. She became the only women ruler of Delhi Sultanate in Mughal era to make such history.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Iltutmish introduced Silver Tanka and Copper Jital, the two coins of the Delhi Sultanate. The coins prior to Iltutmish were introduced by the invaders which bear the Sanskrit characters and even Bull and Shivalinga. Iltutmish was the first to introduce a “Pure Arabic Coin” in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the town of Tarain (Taraori), near Thanesar in present-day Haryana, approximately 150 kilometres north of Delhi, India, between a Ghurid force led by Mu’izz al-Din and a Chauhan Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ghori treated his slaves very nicely and sometimes with as much affection as a father would have for his son. One of his slaves was Qutb-ud-din Aibak. With the time, he rose through the ranks to become the most trusted general of Ghori. His greatest military successes occurred while working directly under Ghori’s leadership. He was left with independent charge of Indian campaigns and thus became the first Muslim emperor of Northern India. He also established Turkish rule in India and made Delhi and Lahore his capital cities.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The first Sultan who requested and obtained letters of investiture from the Khalifa was Iltutmish. The government established by the Turks was a compromise between Islamic Political Ideas and institutions on the one hand and the existing Rajput System of Government on the other.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Muhammad Ghori laid the foundation of the Turkish Empire in India by defeating Prithviraj Chauhan in Second Battle of Tarain and Jayachanda in the Battle of Chandawar. Mahmud of Ghazni also failed to set up a Muslim empire in India and the only permanent effect of his invasions was the annexation of Punjab. It was left to Muhammad Ghori to build up a Muslim empire in India on a secure footing in 1173 A.D.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is a mosque in the Ajmer city of Rajasthan, India. It was commissioned by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, on orders of Muhammad Ghori, in 1192 CE. It was completed in 1199 CE, and further beautified by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Iltutmish was the prominent ruler of slave dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. During his reign Delhi became an important centre of learning and culture in the East.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Second Battle of Tarain (Taraori) was again fought between Ghurid army of Mohammed Ghori and Rajput army of Prithviraj Chauhan. The battle took place in 1192 A.D near Tarain. In this battle, Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated by Mohammed Ghori.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mappila Riots or Mappila Outbreaks refers to a series of riots by the Mappila (Moplah) Muslims of Malabar, South India in the 19th century and the early 20th century (c.1836–1921) against native Hindus and the state. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 is often considered as the culmination of Mappila riots.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The second battle of Tarain was fought near Thaneswar (Haryana) in 1192 A.D., between the Rajput Army under Prithviraj Chauhan and the army of Muhammad Ghori. Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated by Ghori in this battle and this paved the way of Muslim Rule in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The rule of the Delhi sultanate began from 1206 to 1526.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Giyasuddin Balban came upon the throne at a time when the Delhi Sultanate had fallen into utter confusion due to the incompetence of the successors of Iltutmish. The country was subjected to foreign attacks. he reorganized the armed forces and thorough reforms were introduced in civil administration. Under his orders new strong fortresses were built in the north-western frontier. He saved the Sultanate from impending disintegration. So he should be considered as the ‘savior of the Delhi Sultanate’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Iltutmish, a “slave of a slave” is regarded by several historians as the real founder and consolidator of the slave Dynasty and the Delhi Sultanate. According to them, Aibak was the ruler for four years only.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Qutb-ud-din Aibak died in an accident while he was playing polo. He fell from a horse and was severely injured. He was buried in Lahore near the Anarkali Bazaar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gradually, as Sultan Ghori concentrated on Central Asia after 1192, he was given the independent charge of the conquests in India. Qutb-ud-din Aibak gave large sums of money in charity, thus earning the name LAKH BAKSH or giver of lakhs.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Iltutmish became the first sultan to appoint a woman as his successor when he designated Razia as his heir apparent. However, after Iltutmish died on 30 April 1236, Razia’s half-brother Rukn ud-din Firuz was elevated to the throne instead.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Balban was the Prime Minister of (1246-66) Sultan Nasir-ud-din Mahumd and also the member of Noble forties.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Iltutmish was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and declare Delhi as the capital of his empire. He was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (1211 – 1236), belonging to the Mamluk dynasty. He conquered Multan and Bengal from contesting rulers, and Ranathambhore and Siwalik from their rulers.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Balban’s policy of Blood and Iron: It is not without significance that out of about 84 year’s rule of the Slave Dynasty, Balban’s rule lasted for about 40 years i.e. 20 years as ‘Naib’ or Prime Minister but virtually the Sultan and 20 years as the Sultan of Delhi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Anangpal, a Tomar ruler possibly created the first known regular defense – work in Delhi called Lal Kot – which Prithviraj took over and extended for his city Qila Rai Pithora.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : During the course of his numerous invasions, Muhammad Ghori (Before his conquest in the Second Battle of Tarain) was defeated by Chalukya king Bhima II of Gujarat and Prithviraja Chauhan III of Ajmer. Muhammad Ghori was the Muslim king from Afghanistan. He wasn’t aware of the power of the Chauhans. During the First Battle of Tarain, Ghori was defeated with heavy losses. However, the Second Battle of Tarain was won by Ghori because of betrayal from Jai Chand as there was enmity between him and Prithviraj.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The second battle of Tarain was fought near Thaneswar (Haryana) in 1192 A.D., between the Rajput Army under prithviraj Chauhan and the army of Muhammad Ghori. Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated by Ghori in this battle and this paved the way of Muslim Rule in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Muhammad bin Bhaktiyar was the military general of Qutb-din-Abak. He destroyed the Vikramshila and Nalanda University. NU was once one of the greatest universities in the world before it was destroyed by Turkish leader Bakhtiyar Khilji. Known for the great library and strong construction which took over three months to burn down, Nalanda University is once again ready to train scholars from across the world.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Historians have used various epithets while estimating Muhammad Tughlaq. Barani and Ibn-Batuta, his contemporaries found him a ‘complex person’, a ‘mixture of opposites.’ He had virtues and vices of extreme intensity. While he was generous, humble and kind, He was very narrow- minded, stubborn and most cruel. He gave gifts to all those whom he liked, he put to death who opposed him.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was the Turkish Sultan of Delhi. He was known as a ‘MAN of knowledge’ as he had a great interest in different subjects like, philosphy, mathematics, religion and poetry.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Tughlaq’s silver coin was named Adi. However, it was difficult to maintain the supply of gold and silver coins on a large scale. So, Tughlaq replaced those coins and started the circulation of copper and brass coins as the token currency which had the same value of gold or silver coins in 1330-32 CE.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Firoz Shah Tughlaq established an employment bureau, a charity bureau and a charitable hospital.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Tughlaqs in the chronological sequence: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Firuz Tughlaq, Abu Bakr, Nasiruddin Mahmud. Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, or Ghazi Malik, was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty in India, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He was the eldest son of Ghiyas -ud -Din -Tughlaq, the Turko-Indian founder of the Tughluq dynasty. Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq was a Turkic Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah (c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr, was a companion and—through his daughter Aisha—a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Nasir ud din Mahmud, Nasir ud din Firuz Shah (reigned: 1246–1266) was the eighth sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate (Slave dynasty).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Malik Maqbul or Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul was the Wazir or Prime Minister of the Delhi Sultanate, in the government of Feroz Shah Tughlaq. Yugandhar was converted to Islam and given the name Malik Maqbul.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Muhammad bin Tughlaq issued token currency; that is coins of brass and copper were minted whose value was equal to that of gold and silver coins. Historian Ziauddin Barani felt that this step was taken by Tughluq as he wanted to annex all the inhabited areas of the world for which a treasury was required to pay the army. Barani had also written that the sultan’s treasury had been exhausted by his action of giving rewards and gifts in gold. This experiment failed, because, as said by Barani, “the house of every Hindu became a mint”. During his time, most of the Hindu citizens were goldsmiths and hence they knew how to make coins. In the rural areas, officials like the muqaddams paid the revenue in brass and copper coins and also used the same coins to purchase arms and horses. As a result, the value of coins decreased and, as said by Satish Chandra, the coins became “as worthless as stones”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tughlaq’s silver coin was named Adi. However, it was difficult to maintain the supply of gold and silver coins on a large scale. So, Tughlaq replaced those coins and started the circulation of copper and brass coins as the token currency which had the same value of gold or silver coins in 1330-32 CE.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the second ruler of Tughlaq dynasty who ruled from 1324–1351.He shifted the capital from Delhi to Devagiri, because it was difficult for him to control South India from there. When the capital was shifted, he now found it difficult to control the North India and went back to Delhi. This step led to nothing but declared him wise fool king in the history.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ibn Batuta was a Muslim Moroccan traveller. All that is known about Ibn Battuta’s life comes from the autobiographical information included in the account of his travels, which records that he was of Berber descent, born into a family of Islamic legal scholars in Tangier, Morocco, on 24 February 1304, during the reign of the Marinid dynasty.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1327, Tughluq passed an order to shift the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (in present-day Aurangabad, Maharashtra) in the Deccan region of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq transferred his capital from Delhi to Devagiri (Daulatabad) near Aurangabad Maharastra.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : lbn Batuta was a famous Moroccan traveller he visited India during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the late 14th century, mentions the memoir of Tughlaq dynasty’s Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq, his predecessor taxed all Hindus but had exempted all Hindu Brahmins from jizya. Jizya or jizyah is a per capita yearly tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects, called the dhimma, permanently residing in Muslim lands governed by Islamic law.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The tendency towards royal intervention in the iqta system was as its peak under Muhammad Tughlaq. In several cases he handed over the collection of the revenues of the iqtas to either revenue farmers or his own financial officers, the commanders or amirs posted in the iqtas, presumably drawing their pay in cash from the local treasury and having nothing to do directly with revenue collection.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is known as a “Man of Ideas” and can be said one of the most striking sultan of medieval India. He was a trained intellectual, akeen student of Persian poetry and a philosopher, lover of science and mathematics. He is known for the idea of a Central Capital and experiments with a nominal token Currency. These ideas were all good, but he was in hurry and impatient of the slow adoption of his measures. All those who could not keep pace with his imagination, became victim of his wrath and were punished severely. The result was that Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, as a sultan proved himself a complete failure before the history of forces toppled him.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Alai Darwaza is the main gateway from southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. It was built by the second Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-din Khalji in 1311 AD, who also added a court to the pillared to the eastern side.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Alauddin Khilji wanted to be a world conqueror. In his coins he depicted himself as Sikaiidar-i Sam, meaning Second Alexander. So he is known as Second Alexander of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the early 14th century, the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji (r. 1296-1316) instituted price controls and related reforms in his empire. Alauddin’s courtier Amir Khusrau states that Alauddin’s objective the welfare of the general public. However, Ziauddin Barani (c. 1357) states that the Sultan’s objective was to subjugate the Hindus and to maintain an unprecedentedly large army (the low prices would make low salaries acceptable for the soldiers). Alauddin fixed the prices for a wide range of goods, including grains, cloth, slaves and animals. He banned hoarding and regrating, appointed supervisors and spies to ensure compliance with the regulations, and severely punished the violators. The reforms were implemented in the capital Delhi, and possibly, other areas of the Sultanate. They were revoked shortly after Alauddin’s death, by his son Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Alauddin fixed the prices for a wide range of goods, including grains, cloth, slaves and animals. He banned hoarding and regrating, appointed supervisors and spies to ensure compliance with the regulations, and severely punished the violators.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kirti Stambha (Chittorgarh, Rajasthan) was built by Rana Kumbha to commemorate his victory against Mahmmud Khalji of Malwa.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Rana Rawal Ratan Singh was the Rajput ruler of Chittor kingdom & the last king of Guhila dynasty.He was having 2 wives Saraswati & Padmini. He was a valiant king & fully devoted towards his duties as a king. People of his kingdom loved him as their king. Also he was a brave Rajput warrior. Allaudin attacked on Chittor in 1303 & Rana Rawal Ratansingh was patronised as a king of Chittor in 1302.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The king of Bengal who then fled barefoot from his palace was Lakshamanasena. Lakshmana Sena, also called Lakshman Sen in modern vernaculars, was the ruler from the Sena dynasty of the Bengal region on the Indian subcontinent. His rule lasted for 28 years; and extended to much of the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, notably Bengal and Bihar regions.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Religion is considered to be the least important cause for Alauddin’s south Indian campaigns.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Golconda fort used to have a vault where once the famous Kohinoor and Hopediamonds were stored along with other diamonds. Golconda was once renowned for the diamonds found on the south-east at Kollur Mine near Kollur (modern day Guntur district), Paritala (modern day krishna district) and cut in the city during the Kakatiya reign. At that time, India had the only Known diamond mines in the world.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Qutub-Din-Aibak, a former Turkic Mamluk slave of Muhammad Ghori, was the first sultan of Delhi, and his Mamluk dynasty conquered large areas of northern India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Malik Kafur was a eunuch slave who became a general in the army of Alauddin Khilji, ruler of the Delhi sultanate from 1296 to 1316 A.D. He was originally seized by Alauddin’s army after the army conquered the city of Khambhat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Though Alauddin Khilji’s market reforms were oriented more towards administrative and military necessities than internal restructuring but he adopted a holistic approach to see the reform working properly. That is why he did not control the price of essential commodities only, for those meant for direct use by the military.vInstead he tried to control the price of everything from caps to socks, from combs to needles, vegetables, sweet meats to chapatis etc. Such widespread centralised control was found to influence every section of the society.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Malik Kafur was the slave general of the sultan Alauddin Khalji. He won for him the deccan Territory of Devagiri, Madurai, Warangal and Dwarasamudra. Malik Kafur, also known as Taj al-Din Izz al-Dawla, was a prominent eunuch slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He was captured by Alauddin’s general Nusrat Khan during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and rose to prominence in the 1300s.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The correct chronological sequence of the following Sayyid rulers of Delhi was Khizr Khan, Mubarak Shah, Muhammad Shah, Alauddin Alam Shah. Sayyid Khizr Khan ibn Malik Sulaiman (reigned 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, in northern India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty. Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khalji (r. 1316–1320) was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate of present-day India. A member of the Khalji dynasty, he was a son of Alauddin Khalji. Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. With the help of the Sayyid brothers, he ascended the throne at the young age of 17. Alam Shah (r. 1445–1451) was the fourth and last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty which ruled the Delhi Sultanate. Born Ala al-Din, he succeeded his father, Muhammad Shah to the throne and took on the regnal name of Alam Shah (“world king”).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Seuna, Sevuna or Yadavas of Devagiri (c. 850–1334) was an Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a kingdom stretching from the Tungabhadra to the Narmada rivers, including present-day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in modern Maharashtra).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Malik Kafur (died 1316), also known as Taj al-Din Izz al-Dawla, was a prominent eunuch slave-general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He was captured by Alauddin’s general Nusrat Khan during the 1299 invasion of Gujarat, and rose to prominence in the 1300s. The religion of Malik Kafur before he entered the service of Alauddin was Hinduism.