Careers

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields: Biotechnology is a research oriented field with application in almost every area of our life. From Agriculture, Medicine, Environmental Conservation, and Animal Husbandry – all such fields have a direct link with biotechnology. It is an integrated use of biochemistry, molecular genetics, microbiology, and processing technology which aims to find applications of micro¬organisms or cells for practical or industrial purposes.

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields Genetic Engineering
A recent off-shoot of biotechnology research in genetic engineering which involves gene splicing, recombinant DNA cloning, and tissue culture technology.

Genetic engineering, transfers genes from one species to another has greatly enhanced the power of biotechnology. In principle, genes can be transferred between any organism from a bacterium to a plant, for example, or even from humans to other animals although the techniques for products from fermentation can be used in conjunction with genetic engineering.

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields Nature of work
Biotechnologists apply scientific and engineering principles and practices to develop new materials or modify micro-organisms, plants and animals. Recent developments have been used in disease diagnosis and control in humans and animals, animal plant production, the production of alternative fuels, and in more efficient treatment of wastes.

Who is eligible?
Students with science at the intermediate level are eligible for B.Sc Biotechnology (3 years duration) and B.Tech Biotechnology (4 years duration). Similarly, You have the opportunity to go for B.Sc in Genetics, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Medical Microbiology, Industrial Biotechnology, etc. after 10+2. Admission into IIT’s B.Tech/5 year Integrated M.Tech (Dual program) in Biotechnology is made on the basis of JEE (Advanced). Some other institutes also conduct entrance exam for the admission in Biotech courses. MBA Biotechnology: The University of Pune pioneered a unique two-year full-time MBA program in biotechnology. The syllabus is based on the managerial aspect and the rest covers the details of biotechnology. Some other Universities have also started offering MBA Biotechnology course.

Personal attributes:
Biotechnologists must be able to think logically and analytically and make detailed observations as well as work with precision and paying attention to detail. They must also have a flexible approach to problem solving, be able to work in a team, possess initiative, perseverance and patience with good communication skills.

Career Prospects
Biotechnology covers a wide field of employment from pure research to industrial applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Professionally trained biotechnologist can be successful entrepreneurs as they can set up their own industries or can operate as consultants. In this way, a biotechnologist can even provides jobs to others and in turn get reward for their knowledge and expertise. Career options for biotechnologists exist in the following areas of work:

Research & Development Department; Research Associate. Research Assistant, Media Prep Technician, Greenhouse Assistant, Plant Breeder

Quality Control Department:
Quality Control Analyst, Quality Control Engineer, Environmental Health and Safety Specialist, Quality Assurance Auditor, Validation Engineer, Validation Technician

Clinical Research Department:
Clinical Research Administrator, Clinical Coordinator, Clinical Programmer, Biostatistician, Clinical Data Specialist, Drug Experience Coordinator, Clinical Research Associate

Manufacturing and Production:
Product Development Engineer, Production Planner Scheduler, Manufacturing Technician, Packaging Operator, Manufacturing Research Associate, Instrument / Calibration Technician, Biochemical Development Engineer, Process Development Associate, Assay Analyst, Manufacturing Engineer

Regulatory Affairs:
Regulatory Affairs Specialists, Documentation Coordinator, Documentation Specialist

Information Systems:
Library Assistant, Scientific Programmer Analyst

Marketing & Sales:
Market Research Analyst, Systems Analyst, Sales Representative, Customer Service Representative, Technical Services Representative

Administration:
Technical Recruiter, Human Resources Representative, Buyer, Patent Administrator, Patent Agent

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields Remuneration

Although remuneration in the industry varies on the basis of experience, position and performance, you are paid lucrative pay and perks. However, most of the opportunities are available only after postgraduation. But after completing B.Sc or B.Tech, you may apply for assistant positions to gain some experience and simultaneously you can pursue your postgraduation program. The industry offers salary ranging from Rs.15000 to 1 lakh p.m. or plus in India. To the deserving, better packages are offered outside India.

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields Institutes & Courses
Biotechnology is offered by many Engineering Colleges/Institutes affiliated to various universities. For details you my refer to the section on ‘Engineering & Technology” in this book. IITs and NITs offering courses in biotechnology are listed below. Admission is generally made on the basis of merit in the entrance examinations.

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields IITs offering B-Tech in Biotechnology
The following Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) offer B. Tech in Biotechnology/5-year integrated M.Tech. (Dual Degree) in Biotechnology. Selection is made on the basis of JEE-Adavanced score.

• Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Ph: 0361-2692788, www.iitg.ac.in/jee
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, (U.P.)Ph: 03222-281881/2 78241, www.iitkgp.ac.in offers 4-year B. Tech, in Biotechnology & Biochemical Engg. and 5-year M.Tech. (Dual Degree) in Biotechnology & Biochemical Engg.
• Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Ph: 044-22578223 , jee.iitm.ac.in, offers 4-year B.Tech. in Biotechnology and 5-year M. Tech. (Dual Degree) in Biotechnology.
• Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Ph: 01332-279805,279806, www.iitr.ac.in/jee.

Note: Details about JEE-Advanced are given on page No. 47.

Biotechnology courses offered by National Institutes of Technology
The following National Institutes of Technology (NITs) offer under mentioned Biotechnology courses. Selection is made on the basis of JEE- Main.

• National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Ph: 91771-2254200, www.nitrr.ac.in, offers 4-year Bio-medical Engineering (40 seats), Biotechnology (40 seats).
• National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, Ph: 0431-2501801-808 2500370 www.rangoli.rect.emet.in, offers 4-year BE in Biotech Engg.
• Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Ph: 0532-2445100 (Direct) 2445103-7, 0532-2545284, www.mnit.ac.in, offers 4-year BE in Biotechnology.

Some of the Universities offering Biotechnology courses are:

AMITY UNIVERSITY
Admission Office:
Block – J2, Gate No: 3,
Amity University Campus Sector-125, Noida – 201313 (UP)
Ph: 0120-4392000
Mob: +91 8448396303
Email: [email protected]
www.amity.edu
Other Campuses: Lucknow, Jaipur, Gurgaon, Gwalior, Greater Noida, Raipur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ranchi, Patna, offers

• B.Sc. (Hons) – Biotechnology. Eligibility: PCB min. 60% for Non sponsored & 55% for Sponsored category
• B.Sc. (Hons) – Biotechnology + B. Ed. Eligibility: PCB min. 60%
• B.Sc. (Hons) – Biotechnology (3 Continent) Eligibility: PCB min. 60% for Non sponsored & 55% for Sponsored category. (One of the semester of the program will be conducted in UK and USA)
• B.Sc. (Hons) – Medical Biotechnology Eligibility: PCB min. 60% for Non- Sponsored & 55% for sponsored category.
• B.Sc. (Hons.) – Medical Biotechnology (3 Continent). Eligibility: PCB min. 60% for Non sponsored & 55% for Sponsored category. (One of the semester of your program will be conducted in UK and USA)
• B.Sc. + M.Sc. – Biotechnology (Dual Degree). Eligibility: PCB min. 60% for Non sponsored & 55% for Sponsored category
• Anna University, Chennai; Noida, www.annauniv.edu
• Andhra University, Waltair, Visakhapatnam; www.andhrauniversity.edu.in
• Annamalai University, Annamalainagar; www.annamalaiuniversity.ac.in
• Avinashlingam University for Women, Coimbatore, www.avinuty.ac.in
• Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Banasthali; www.banasthali.org
• Bangalore University, Bangalore www.bangaloreuniversity.ac.in
• Bharthiar University, Coimbatore, www.b- u.ac.in
• Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, www.bdu.ac.in
• Bundelkhand University, Jhansi; www.bujhansi.ac.in
• University of Calicut, Dist. Thenhipalam; www.uoc.ac.in
• University of Delhi, Dwarka; www.du.ac.in
• Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar; www.hau.ac.in

Genetic Science

• Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007 offers B.Sc. in Genetic Science. www.osmania.ac.in
• Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009 offers B.Sc. in Genetic Science. www.kakatiya.ac.in

Careers in Biotechnology & Allied Fields Biochemistry

A biochemist is an expert in the field of biochemistry. Growth and heredity are also the important functions of a biochemist. As far as career prospectus in Biochemistry are concerned, Biochemists dealing with Biochemical Genetic research are very much in demand in India and abroad. Those having Cell Biology, Genetics, Biochemical Methods as a specialization have an upper edge. Openings in this field exist in the teaching profession, research institutions of Pharmaceutical and Agro Chemical industries. Similarly, openings for biochemists exit in the R & D and Scientific departments in industry, Public Sector labs, hospitals and universities. You can also take up teaching jobs in schools and colleges.

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zCareers in Computer & Information Technology: Computer education can pave the way for a rewarding career, if you are willing to acquire requisite qualification/s, put in the adequate amount of effort, keep yourself updated with industry trends and demands.

Major career opportunites in this industry are:

Careers in Computer & Information Technology Software related jobs

Software controls the computer’s working in the sense that they involve the programs that run the computer, starting from drawing a building plan or writing a letter to making graphic design.

Jobs in systems software are where the software houses are, mostly in the large cities. But they are now locating themselves in the smaller cities.

A lot of work in systems software is exported and the Government is also encouraging ‘electronics export zones’ at several places. The jobs could be one of the following:

System Analysts
This is a person who develops a program. He also analyses the system and supervises the manner in which a company’s software runs. He is normally involved in the designing computerised systems for solving all information problems.

Analysts may work in groups or in isolation. Junior systems analysts will rise to the position of senior systems analysts with some experience. The next promotion is as manager of systems or head of data processing departments often referred to as EDP managers. Systems analysts work either for software companies or consultancies, data processing organizations, private business houses, manufacturers, banks and insurance companies or even the Government, which has a department of computerization called the National Informatics Centre (NIC).

Programmer
An application programmer writes a program by breaking up each step of a solution in one of the computer languages. In small organisations, an analyst very often doubles up as the Programmer.

Software Engineer
Software engineers adopt an engineering-like approach to software development. As a software engineer you’ll be expected to find solutions to specific problems and also figure out how computers can be best used in your organisations.

Database Administrator
Data consolidation has become a vital component of every company’s survival in today’s competitive environment. Creating a database of information involves people who are responsible for this entire process and are normally referred to as database administrators.

Careers in Computer & Information Technology Service Jobs

Service jobs range from renting PCs to publishing on a computer. In the form of consultancies, they range from helping customers select a computer to developing specialised software. It also involves software development, training and data processing. Teaching and training have also become lucrative jobs with the ever growing need for imparting computer education to students.

Marketing Jobs
Computer marketing is a challenging and well paid profession. The sales and marketing executives have to work towards reaching sales targets, providing customer support and maintaining customer relationships. An in-depth knowledge of the latest hardware and software is necessary to target key customer segments visavis particular machines and programs.

These executives are specialists with a sound knowledge of computers, the market and the competition. Other fields are Publishing, Finance, Management, Medicine, Media and Design

Personal attributes
Logical thinking; Ability to focus and concentrate; Flexibility and willingness to learn new things, technologies and adopt new methods of work; Creativity; Accuracy; Organizational and administrative abilities; Confidence

Remuneration
Pay scales vary depending on the level of qualification and performance. A Data entry operator can earn from Rs 5000 to Rs 15,000 p.m, according to the amount of work, he/she does. A Programmer can earn Rs. 20,000 to 30,000 p.m. If you are working as a software consultant, you can earn Rs 50,000 (approx.) per month. Salary of those at the management level is up to Rs.1,00,000 per month. At the Maintenance level one can earn around Rs 15,000 to Rs 1,00,000 p.m..

Careers in Computer & Information Technology Institutes & Courses

Courses offered by National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT) (formerly DOEACC)

National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), (erstwhile DOEACC Society), an Autonomous Scientific Society under the administrative control of Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India, was set up to carry out Human Resource Development and related activities in the area of Information, Electronics & Communications Technology (IECT). offers the following courses:

BASIC COMPUTER COURSE (BCC):
The objective of the course is to impart basic level computer appreciation programme with more emphasis on hands on training. Eligibility: The candidates can appear in the NIELIT BCC Examination through following modes : Candidates sponsored by NIELIT approved Institutes which are permitted to conduct BCC Course and having obtained e-provisional no. – irrespective of any educational qualifications; Direct Applicants -irrespective of any educational qualification. Duration: The total duration of the course is 36 hours, consisting of: Theory, Tutorials, and Practicals. The education and training for BCC shall be imparted at the institutions specifically authorised by NIELIT for conducting BCC. In addition, the students can study the course on self-learning mode and can apply as a direct candidate for appearing in the BCC examination conducted by NIELIT. Examination: Examination for the BCC is conducted by the NIELIT on 1st Saturday and Sunday of every month.

IT O Level:
Equivalent to Foundation level course

IT A Level:
Equivalent to Advanced Diploma in Computer Applications

IT B Level:
Equivalent MCA Level
CHM O Level:
Course on Computer Hardware Maintenance

MAT-‘O’:
Multimedia and Animation Technology- ‘O’ Level. Also offers Short term courses.

Who can apply?
Under the Accreditation Scheme of NIELIT, computer-training institutes in the non-formal sector, meeting well-defined criteria, are granted accreditation for specified levels of courses offered under it viz. O (Foundation) Level, A (Advanced Diploma) Level, B Level (Equivalent to MCA), and C Level (Equivalent to M.Tech). NIELIT publishes a prospectus for each level that contains the eligibility norms and criteria in addition to an accreditation application form.

Registration
Registration is a mandatory pre-requisite for appearing in the O/A/B/C level Examinations conducted by the NIELIT.

How to apply?
Prospectus containing guidelines can be obtained for accreditation for each of the four Levels, (O or A or B or C) on the payment of requisite charges.

Further details can be had from:
NIELIT, Electronics Niketan
6 CGO Complex, Lodhi Road
New Delhi 110 003
Ph: 011-2436 3330 /1 / 2, 011-2436 6577 / 79 / 80 www.nielit.in

Careers in Computer & Information Technology Universities/lnstitutes & Courses

BCA and other Undergraduate Courses (In alphabetic order)
3-year Bachelor of Computer Application (BCA) course is offered by number of Universities in their constituent colleges/colleges affiliated to these to 10+2/Intermediate/Pre-University Exam, passed candidates. Some universities/institutes require pass with Maths/Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics/ or PCB. Admission is generally made on the basis of entrance test.

Secondly, undergraduate courses such as BE/ B.Tech in Information Technology/Computer Sc. etc. are offered by IITs, National Institutes of Technology and state universities and colleges affiliated to these. An indicative list of select institutes/Universities is mentioned below:

• Ansal University, Ph: 0124-4750400 / 501, www.ansaluniversity.edu.in, offers BCA.

AMITY UNIVERSITY
Admission Office:
Block – J2, Gate No: 3, Amity University Campus: Sector-125, Noida – 201313 (UP) Ph.: 0120-4392000 © +91 8448396303 Email: [email protected] www.amity.edu

Other Campuses: Lucknow, Jaipur, Gurgaon, Gwalior, Greater Noida, Raipur, Kolkata, Mumbai, Ranchi, Patna, offers BCA, BCA (Evening) and Full-time B.Sc. (IT). Also offer BCA+MCA (Dual Degree). Eligbility: 10+2 (min 50%) with Maths / Computer Sc. / Information Practice / Computer Applications / Multimedia & Web Technology / Data Management Application / Web Application

AMRITAVISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM UNIVERSITY Amrita School of Engineering Headquarters: Amrita Nagar Coimbatore 641112 (T.N.)
Ph:9443384458
Email: [email protected]
www.amrita.edu/btech
Campuses:
Amritapuri: Ph: 0476-2809400/402
Email: [email protected]
Bengaluru: Ph: 080-25183700
Email: [email protected]
Chennai: Ph: 080-27602165
Email: [email protected] offers: BCA
For more details log on to www.amrita.edu Important dates:
Commencement of online Application submission: 19 October, 2018
Commencement of slot booking for CBT: 5 April, 2019
Application submission, slot booking closes for CBT: 10 April, 2019
Application submission closes for PPT: April 25, 2019
Pen and Paper Based Test: 27 April, 2019

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH DEEMED UNIVERSITY
Institute of Management & Research A-4, Paschim Vihar, New Rohtak Road New Delhi-110063
Ph: 011-25285808, 25284396, 25278446
Mob. 9650123642, 8800166695,
Toll Free No. 18001209984,
Email:[email protected] www.bharatividyapeethuniversity.net/ bvimr.com offers 3-year BCA.

FAIRFIELD INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY
FIMT Campus, Kapashera
New Delhi 110037
Ph: 011-25063208-11
Mob: 9311568155, 9312352942
Email: [email protected]
www.fimt-ggsipu.org
offers BCA

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector-16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi-110078
Ph: 011-25302167, 25302168, 011-25302169 www.ipu.ac.in
Eligibility: Candidate must have scored a minimum of aggregate 50% marks in intermediate or equivalent with English subject and in one one of the following subjects Mathematics/ Computer Science /Informatics Practice / Computer Applications. Selection is made on the basis of Common Entrance Test (CET). offers BCA at the following institutes:
Jamia Millia Islamia
New Delhi-110025, Ph: 011-26981717
www.jmi.ac.in
offers BACA (Bachelor of Arts with Computer Application)
Jamia Hamdard
Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Hamdard Nagar New Delhi, Delhi 110062 Ph: Oil 2605 9688
www. j amiahamdard.ac.in

NEW DELHI YMCA INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA STUDIES AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Gate No. 2, CCL Building Basement,
1, Jaisingh Road, New Delhi-100001
Ph: 23363187, 43644034
Email: [email protected]
www.newdelhiymca.in
offers 4-week Programmes
(i) MS Office with Internet
(ii) Web Designing

O.P. JINDAL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY Sonipat, Narela Road Sonipat 131001 (Har.)
Ph: 8396907243, 8396907494, 8396907440
Email: [email protected]
www. j gu.edu.in offers BCA.

SGT UNIVERSITY
(Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University)
Budhera, Gurugram-Badli Road,
Gurugram 122505 (Har.)
Ph: 0124-2278183/84/85
Toll free: 1800 102 5661
Email: [email protected]
Faculty of Physical Sciences (Mob: 9278078011)
sgtuniversity.ac.in
Bihar office: 9205277668
Guwahati office: 8527794488
offers BCA. Admission is through Computer
Based Test CBT/Marks in Qualifying Exam.
Selection is made on the basis of SGTUEE

SRM UNIVERSITY
Sonepat: Plot. No. 39, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, P.S. Rai, Delhi NCR, Sonepat 131029 (Har.)
Admission Helpline (Whatsapp): 8816033306
Mob: 9541779883/8816033301/02/03/04/05/06
Ph: 0130-2203700/01
Toll free: 1800 180 1216
Email: [email protected]
www.srmuniversity.ac.in
offers BCA

AIR FORCE VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OWC, Race Course
New Delhi 110003
Ph: 011-23792786 Mob: 9870368007
Email: [email protected]
www.afvc.org.in
offers A & O Computer (NIELIT) course.

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Careers as a Glaciologist: Glaciology is the study of the internal dynamics and effects of glaciers. Glaciologists study glaciers to see if they are shrinking (or growing) due to changes in the environment.

Careers as a Glaciologist Personal attributes:

Ability to work in a harsh environment. Mountaineering skill – a definite help because you have to negotiate rough terrain, Ability to keep physically fit. Good communication skills. Great team spirit. Unflinching resolve. Love for nature.
Job duties vary significantly from job to job. However, typical job duties include :

• Analyzing the formation, movement, and effects of the different kinds of glaciers
• Collecting samples of ice to test for physical properties, chemical composition, and evidence of life in the ice.
• Conducting research on ice sheets, shelves, fields, and caps, as well as alpine and arctic glaciers and snow.
• Using satellite and airborne remote sensing devices to study ice distribution and behaviour.
• Designing experiments both in the lab and in the field.
• Installing and testing instruments.
• Writing reports on experimental findings and synthesize research
• Communicating with the media and general public on historical and modern glacial activity and its relevance to climate change.

Careers as a Glaciologist How to enter?

After 10+2 from science stream, you can go for a university undergraduate degree in physical/ biological/chemical, earth, and environmental sciences, although the majority of positions are in research and require graduate studies. Master’s degree in physical/environmental sciences will give you an edge.

Careers as a Glaciologist Job Opportunities

Job opportunities exists mainly in environmental and engineering consulting firms, federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal government departments and parks, colleges, universities, and research institutes. Glaciologists work in a variety of work in different locations:

In the office:

• Doing paperwork and analyzing data for reporting
• Communicating on the phone and in meetings with clients, govt departments, and the public, and presenting report findings to clients
• Drafting plans and models
• Researching new technology and advancements in glaciology, and consulting with other glaciology professionals

In the field: Conducting experiments and gathering data in remote field locations

In the lab:

• Testing samples and conducting experiments
• Designing and calibrating new instruments
• Using remote sensing equipment to study ice and snow

Careers as a Glaciologist – Salary package:

A glaciologist starts at level B, with a salary of Rs 38,900 per month. It takes four to five years for a scientist to be upgraded from level B to C. The senior-most level is H and a scientist can earn as much as Rs 1.3 lakh or more per month. There are other perks as well.

Prominent Institutes offering courses in Glaciologists:

• Defence Research Development Organisation New Delhi, (www.drdo.org)
• Jammu University (www.jammuuniversity.in)
• Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (www.jnu.ac.in)
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Dehradun (www.tifr.res.in)
• Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun (www.wihg.res.in)

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• Careers in Oceanography

Careers in Oceanography: Oceanography is probably one of the most interesting and rewarding career. Job of an oceanographer varies depending on their specialisation. A Geological oceanographers and geophysicists explore the ocean floor and map submarine geologic structures to obtain valuable information like processes that created the ocean basins and the interactions between the ocean and the sea floor, etc.

Careers in Oceanography

Physical oceanographers investigate temperature, density, wave motions, tides, and currents of oceans to collect information like ocean-atmosphere relationship that influences weather and climate, the transmission of light and sound through water, and the ocean’s interactions with its boundaries at the sea floor and the coast. Similarly, a chemical oceanographer and marine geochemists investigate the chemical composition of seawater and its interaction with the atmosphere and the sea floor. Whereas, Biological oceanographers, marine biologists, and fisheries scientists study marine plants and animals.

Careers in Oceanography Personal Attributes:

• Good knowledge of basic sciences such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics
• Critical thinking skills
• Fluency in computers
• Shipboard experience is desirable.
• Ability to speak one or more foreign languages
• Good physical stamina and strength
• High tolerance to motion sickness.

Education: After passing 10+2 with PCM, you can go for undergraduate courses like B.Sc in Oceanography or Marine Sciences, B.Tech in Marine Sciences.

Careers in Oceanography Institutes & Courses

• IIT, Kharagpur (www.iitkgp.ac.in)
• IIT, Madras (www.iitm.ac.in)
• International Maritime Academy, Chennai (www.ima-maritime.com)
• National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa (www.nio.org)
• West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata (www.wbut.ac.in)

Careers in Oceanography Job opportunities

Many job opportunities for oceanographers exist with scientific research institutions (universities) and various government agencies. Private companies who are engaged in searching for economic sea floor deposits, investigating areas for sea farming, and evaluating natural energy production from waves, currents, and tides also hire oceanographers.

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Careers in Physiotherapy: When our body or a part of the body fails to function normally as a result of the disease or injuries “Physiotherapy” is adopted to treat the disorders with the help of different physical exercises therapy and other agents like heat, radiation, electricity, water and massage to cure weaknesses of muscles, limitation of movements in joints of shoulder, knees etc.

Careers in Physiotherapy – Who is eligible?

Those who want to opt physiotherapy as their career are required to go for B.Sc degree in physiotherapy for which eligibility is 10+2 passed or equivalent examination with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English with 50% marks in each subjects separately. After this one can also go in for postgraduation. Selection is made on the basis of Common Entrance Test (CET) conducted by different state govts. Some Universities and Institutes conduct their own entrance test. Degree level courses in physiotherapy generally range from 3 to 4 years. For a Degree Level course, the last six months involve an internship period at a hospital.

Careers in Physiotherapy – Personal attributes

Scientific reasoning and problem solving skill, excellent interpersonal skills, ability to instill confidence and courage in patients, average analytical and logical reasoning skills, ability to memorize and recall scientific facts, manual dexterity and physical stamina to work for long hours, patience and understanding of people, a sympathetic approach towards the patients, a keen desire to help people good observation power are some of the personal attributes required
to be a successful physiotherapist.

Careers in Physiotherapy – Nature of work

The professionally trained person who administers this treatment is known as Physiotherapist. A Physiotherapist works as a member of rehabilitation team in cooperation and consultation with specialists of medicine/ surgery. His first job is to examine the patients thoroughly to determine the degree of incapacity sustained by the patient by administering muscle and nerve tests. He reports his findings to the doctor. They may confer and decide together on a course of treatment which will seem to hold promise of success. Depending on the nature of the problem, treatment adopted for it will include massage to stimulate muscles, or relieve pain or improve blood circulation, it may be some sort of heat treatment or ultrasonic ray. He re-evaluates regularly the efficiency of the treatment programme, if necessary makes necessary alterations in the treatment programme.

A physiotherapist treats cases such as fracture, dislocation, amputation, deformities bom or acquired, nerve injuries, cerebral, heart and chest conditions, skin conditions, gynaecological cases, muscular diseases/wound, burns, plastic surgery etc. referred to him by a Physician. He may also have patients including those who have contracted polio, or who are suffering from an emotional illness. The Physiotherapist might work with any patient who need retraining in order to be able to carry on at least some of his former activities. Besides skill
and art in the profession, it is therapist’s own attitude which counts most in reassuring the patient that their case is not hopeless. The therapist is always a source of inspiration to the patients. He often gives courage to keep trying. Patients often need to learn on the therapist’s emotional as well as physical strength. Therefore, Physiotherapist is required to possess emotional stability, earnest desire to help others, good health, patience and cool temperament.

Employment Opportunities

Careers in Physiotherapy Employment Opportunities – A Physiotherapist can be employed in Rehabilitation/Orthopaedics departments of hospitals under the Central State Governments, Municipal Corporations and Private Bodies. Opportunities also exist in the institutes related to this field.

Promotion is open to senior positions like Senior Physiotherapist, Supervisor Physical Therapy, Superintendent of Physiotherapy in Government Hospital and to Demonstrators, Lecturers, Assistant Professors, Associate Professors and Professors in the Medical College/ Institutions. In Government hospitals, senior posts are filled by promotion from junior posts and partly by direct recruitment.

There is a considerable scope for private practice in Physiotherapy in Urban areas. Qualified personnel can establish their clinics independently or in partnership to offer professional service. Before setting up the clinic you have to enrol as member of Indian Association of Physiotherapist. Job opportunities for this profession are quite promising indeed.

Remuneration

Careers in Physiotherapy Remuneration – The gross salary of a physiotherapist at the entry level is approx. Rs.25,000 p.m. in a central government hospital and the maximum is Rs.75,000 p.m. In the private sector, in the beginning he or she is paid about Rs.10,000 to 15,000 p.m.

Some of the prominent institutes offering courses in physiotherapy are

• National Institute for the Orthopedically Handicapped, Kolkata
• National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, Dehradun
• Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (NIHH), Mumbai
• National Institute of Rehabilitation, Training and Research, Cuttack
• Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Institute for the Physically Handicapped, 4, Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi (Affiliated to University of Delhi)
• National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Manovikasnagar, Bowenpally, Secunderabad
• National Institute for the Visually Handicapped, 116 Rajpur Road, Dehradun
• National Institute of Rehabilitation, Training & Research, Oltapur, Bairoi, Cuttack 754010
• National Institute of Orthopedically Handicapped, B.T. Road, Hoogly, Kolkata
• Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped, K.C. Marg, Bandra Reclamation, Bandra (West) Mumbai
• Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
• Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, Karkardooma, Vikas Marg, Delhi (Affiliated to University of Delhi)
• Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi
• Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi (www.ipu.ac.in)

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Career as Medical Representative: Importance of and the need for medical drugs in our day to day life hardly needs any explanation much less emphasis. Medicines are in the form of drugs and formulations. These are produced by Pharmaceutical companies. Different Pharmaceutical companies may specialise in the manufacture of different kinds of drugs and formulations, as a cure for different types of diseases. For the cure of the same disease also, different Pharmaceutical companies may be producing medicine under different brand names having the same curing effect.

Career as Medical Representative

The survival of a Pharmaceutical company depends upon the sales of its products which it is manufacturing. There comes in the need for employing Medical Representatives. They are engaged to boost the sales. They are appointed by private and public sector pharmaceutical companies. Besides handsome salary and promotional avenues the field does have a bit of glamour also.

In order to promote the sale of medicine a medical representative has to contact physicians, hospitals, nursing homes, druggists, etc. in specified areas to introduce medical products of his company to promote sales. He is required to plan daily visits to doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, chemist shops, etc. in his area. He is required to introduce to physicians and others, medical products of his company and to explain their merits. He is required to follow up his visits to ascertain the views regarding the products of his company and induce clients to prescribe his company’s products to customers.

He is required to maintain proper record of receipt and distribution of samples which is open for inspection by his Area Manager. He offers credit facilities, commissions, etc. to the customers as authorised by his company. He books orders and forwards them to the controlling office for compliance. He submits daily reports of his canvassing activities to the Area Manager and gives suggestions for improving sales. He is responsible for collection of payment. The Medical Representative will accept introduction of new product by the company and fully co-operate in making it a success. A Medical Representative is required to work as per the work schedule given to him from time to time, dividing his work into two sessions, morning and evening according to the guidelines given to him by his Area Manager. A Medical Representative is allotted a specified sale target to achieve in a year within a specified area. His success is assessed on that basis.

Although a degree in Pharmacy or Science with Biology is preferred, any degree holder with a flair for selling and one who can deliver the goods is considered suitable. Appointments are made mainly by selection/interview in response to advertisements which appear in leading newspapers. While established Pharmaceutical companies prefer 1 or 2 years experience as Medical Representative, other may not consider it essential.

To be a successful Medical Representative you should have skillful communication abilities; command over spoken and written English and local language; should possess initiative and strong motivation to achieve extra-ordinary results; should be career conscious and willing to work hard; should be prepared for extensive travelling and willing to reside anywhere in India; you should be energetic and result-oriented; you should have a pleasing personality and analytical abilities; above all you should display self-confidence. The job is quite lucrative but demanding and the aptitude of a person counts a lot in this career.

You are required to dress yourself in a neat and presentable manner. While on duty, a Medical Representative is required to carry a detailing bag and keep it in good condition all the time. The bag should normally contain literature, samples, sales-aids, diary, etc., which are required for the planned work of the day. The Medical Representative is required to complete his diary daily so as to keep a record of his daily visits to doctors/chemists/stockists etc.

After selection, a medical representative is generally given special skill development training of varying duration by various companies. Theoretical training is provided on anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, salesmanship, profile of Indian doctors, product knowledge followed by field training in which he is familiarised with selling techniques. During field training, a fresher is supposed to work with a senior Medical Representative who, in turn, demonstrates the practical aspects of the job.

Career as Medical Representative – Promotions

A medical representative can make a very promising career in pharmaceutical marketing on the basis of his sales performance and ability to manage customers. His sales performance is assessed on the basis of his ability to achieve targets fixed by the company. He can rise to the posts of:

(i) Area Manager

(ii) Regional/Zonal Manager

(iii) Divisional Sales Manager/Divisional Controller

(iv) Dy. Marketing/Dy. Sales Manager

(v) Marketing/Sales Manager

Promotions to the next higher positions is purely on merit. Those having a degree in Pharmacy can also be promoted on the manufacturing side as

(i) Product Manager,

(ii) Group Product Manager,

(iii) Marketing Manager.

A Medical Representative who has a flair for marketing and can show extra-ordinary results can rise to the highest position of Marketing Manager.

Note: Institutes offering B.Pharm. degree courses are available almost in all states. For list of these institutes you may log on to www.pci.nic.in.

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