Practice MCQ Questions on Indian Geography | Indian Geography Quiz Questions with Answers

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Kalgoorlie-Boulder, known colloquially as just Kalgoorlie, is a city in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, located 595 km (370 mi) east-northeast of Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra lies the Tadoba Andhari National park which shelters around 43 tigers till date. The tiger reserve is one of the fifty tiger reserves in India which also happens to be the largest and oldest national park in the state. The name of the national park was kept after the name of the God “Tadoba” who is worshipped by the local tribes, and Andhari is the name of the river which meanders between the forest.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Arthur Holmes postulated convection current theory in the year 1928–29. It is widely accepted driving mechanism for continental drift(moving apart) which lead to the foundation of modern plate tectonics. His main objective was to find the scientific explanation of origin of the continent and oceans. But it is also widely accepted concept of mountain building.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Apatani, or Tanw, also known by Apa and Apa Tani, are a tribal group of people living in the Ziro valley in the Lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Port of Genoa is the major Italian seaport and it’s in competition with the ports of Marseille and Barcelona to be the biggest of the Mediterranean Sea. With a trade volume of 51.6 million tonnes, it is the busiest port of Italy by cargo tonnage.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The year 1921 is a “year of the great divide” in the demographic history of India when mortality started to decline leading to acceleration in the rate of population growth (the second stage).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Willandra Lakes Region is a world heritage site in the far west region of New South Wales, Australia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Jamnagar Refinery is a private sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries Limited in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India producing saffron.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : International Astronomical Union (IAU), senior body governing international professional astronomical activities worldwide, with headquarters in Paris. It was established in 1919 as the first of a series of international unions for the advancement of specific branches of science.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Japan is the country with which India propose to develop a solar city in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The principal tributaries of the Barak in India are the Jirl, the Dhaleshwari, the Singla, the Longai, the Sonai and the Katakhal. From its source in the Manipur Hills near Mao Songsang, the river is known as the Barak River.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : North Western Railway has its zonal headquarters at Jaipur. Furthermore, the zone is divided into four divisions headquartered at Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner and Jodhpur.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Three important rivers of the Indian subcontinent have their sources near the Mansarover Lake in the Great Himalayas. These rivers are Brahmaputra, Indus and Sutlej.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The zonal soil type of peninsular India belongs to red soils.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Unlike east flowing major rivers of peninsular India, Narmada and Tapi (Tapti) are west flowing rivers running parallel to Vindhyas and Satpura Ranges and do not form deltas. Narmada is the third longest river of peninsular India with a length of 1312 kilometers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Narmada and the Tapti are major rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea. The Narmada originates in eastern Madhya Pradesh ( India) and flows west across the state, through a narrow valley between the Vindhya Range and spurs of the Satpura Range. It flows into the Gulf of Khambhat.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Frodingham was a hamlet in Lincolnshire which has grown into a suburb of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire. Although the village lay directly to the south of what is now Scunthorpe town centre, the name Frodingham is now often used to refer to the area directly to the north of the town centre. They are the main mining centres of Britain.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The underwater metro plan was thought of when the first metro service was inaugurated in Kolkata in October 24, 1984 by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Bombay Stock Exchange, popularly known as BSE, is the oldest one in Asia. BSE was established in 1875 as The Native Share and Stock Brokers Association. The Tokyo Stock Exchange was established in 1878. The Bombay Stock Exchange, popularly known as BSE, is the oldest one in Asia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Umiam Lake (commonly known as Barapani Lake) is a reservoir in the hills 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Shillong in the state of Meghalaya, India. It was created by damming the Umiam River in the early 1960s. Umiam Multipurpose Power Project is located in Meghalaya.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Russia is the world’s leading natural gas exporter and leading natural gas producer, while also the second largest oil exporter and largest oil producer, though Russia interchanges the latter status with Saudi Arabia from time to time.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Xinhua News Agency or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People’s Republic of China.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The term used instead of ‘moisture budget’, e.g. by C. W. Thornthwaite (1955), and calculated from the aridity and humidity indices, as I m = 100 × (S − D)/PE, where I m is the moisture index, S is the water surplus, D is the water deficit, and PE is the potential evapotranspiration.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Synecology is the study of group of organisms of different species which are associated together as a unit in form of a community. Also known as community ecology. Autecology helps us to understand the relationships between individual plants and environment.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The solarimeter measures routine global solar radiation on a plane or level surface. It has a thermocouple junction-sensing element. The sensing element is coated with a highly stable carbon based non organic coating, which delivers excellent spectral absorption and long-term stability characteristics. The sensing element is housed under two concentric fitting glass domes.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : A katabatic wind (named from the Greek word katabasis, meaning “descending”) is the technical name for a drainage wind, a wind that carries high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Such winds are sometimes also called fall winds; the spelling catabatic winds also occurs. Katabatic winds can rush down elevated slopes at hurricane speeds, but most are not as intense as that, and many are of the order of 10 knots (18 km/h) or less.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is a belt of low pressure which circles the Earth generally near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together. It is characterised by convective activity which generates often vigorous thunderstorms over large areas.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kerala is one of the beautiful state in India, it is known for its rich sources. Some of the spices are: Pepper, Vanilla, Cardamom and Clove.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : This award is given to industrial units that make a significant contribution towards the development of new, or the innovative modification of existing, technologies or adoption and use of clean technologies and practices that substantially reduce or prevent environmental pollution. The award consist of a cash prize of Rupees Two lakh, trophy and citation.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, shalepotash, loess, geyserites, chalk, coal, chert, halite are the examples of Sedimentary Rocks.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : India is the second largest sugar producing country of the world after Brazil. In 1840, the first sugar industry was set up in Betia (Bihar). Sugar production is known in India since ancient times, but modern sugar industry in India developed in first decade of the twentieth century.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sex ratio is used to describe the number of females per 1000 of males. In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio in India 2011 is 943 females per 1000 of males. Haryana has the lowest sex ratio (877) in Indian states while in union territory Daman & Diu has lowest sex ratio of 618.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : A dense tropical rain forest usually having a cloud cover, especially one in the Amazon basin of South America.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions (vertical transhumance), it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Generally only the herds travel, with a certain number of people necessary to tend them, while the main population stays at the base. In contrast, horizontal transhumance is more susceptible to being disrupted by climatic, economic, or political change.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : This region is located on the Chotanagpur plateau and extends over Jharkhand, Northern Orissa and western part of West Bengal. The birth and growth of this region is linked with the discovery of coal in Damodar Valley and iron ore in the Jharkhand-Orissa mineral belt. As both are found in close proximity, the region is known as the ‘Ruhr of India’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The mean thickness of oceanic crust and continental crust is around 5 kilometer and 30 kilometer respectively.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Puducherry lies in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula. The areas of Puducherry district and Karaikal district are bound by the state of Tamil Nadu, while Yanam district and Mahé district are enclosed by the states of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By 1810 Australia boasted over 30,000 sheep and was one of the world Merino wool trade centers, together with the United States and Germany and by 1840 it was the most important Merino sheep grower, together with South Africa and New Zealand. The rest of the world focused on cross-bred and coarser-wool sheep breeds.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Territory of the Saar Basin (German: Saarbeckengebiet, Saarterritorium; French: Le Territoire du Bassin de la Sarre) was a region of Germany occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France from 1920 to 1935 under a League of Nations mandate.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The place/city located at the confluence of river Euphrates and Tigris is Baghdad. Major canals that flowed from the Euphrates into the Tigris in the vicinity of Baghdad.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Marine Gondwana Fossil Park is a unique exposure of fossiliferous marine Permian rocks of the Talchir formation dating back to around 280-240 million years ago. Located in the Manendragarh area of Chattisgarh’s Koriya district, the fossil faunal assemblage is indicative of the transgression of sea in this part of India about 20 crores of years ago.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean. It lies 1 to 10 km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India for 160 km between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Singareni opencast coal mines at Manuguru on Godavari Valley Coalfields is located in the districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and Warangal in the Indian state of Telangana. It is the only coalfield in South India. It lies in the basin of the Godavari River.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Sri Rama Sagar Project also known as the Pochampadu Project is an Indian flood-flow project on the Godavari.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Venus is very similar to Earth in size and mass – and so is sometimes referred to as Earth’s sister planet – but Venus has a quite different climate.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Cosmology is the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. It is the study of universe as a whole: its birth, growth, shape, size and eventual fate.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The large natural ecosystem comprised of abiotic (land, air , water and soils of the concerned habitat) and biotic (plants, animals and micro-organisms) is called Biome.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Damodar Valley Corporation has a network of four major dams in Jharkhand, such as Maithon on Barakar river, Tilaiya on Barakar River, Konar Dam on Konar river,Panchet on Damodar river.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Titagarh, Amlai and Nepanagar are known for Paper Industry.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The highest glacial lake of India is Devtal which is located at the height of 17,745 feet AMSL in Garhwal Himalaya.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme launched in April 1, 1973 by the Government of India during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s tenure.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : It is a joint undertaking by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The project comprises a dam across the Tungabhadra River near Mallapuram. It is a power project of Gujarat equipped with power generating sets manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited was inaugurated on October 12,1977.

Answer: Option E
Explanation : In 1990 India ratified the world Heritage Convention of 1977 identifying four natural sites of outstanding universal value namely Kaziranga National park (Assam), Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan), Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal) and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (Uttarakhand).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : At present biosphere reserves that are included in world are Heritage Nilgiri, Nanda Devi, Nokrek, Gulf of Mannar, Sunderban, Simlipol and Pachmarhi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The energy received by the earth is known as incoming solar radiation which in short is termed as insolation. As the earth is a geoid resembling a sphere, the sun’s rays fall obliquely at the top of the atmosphere and the earth intercepts a very small portion of the sun’s energy.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Thermocline, oceanic water layer in which water temperature decreases rapidly with increasing depth. A widespread permanent thermocline exists beneath the relatively warm, well-mixed surface layer, from depths of about 200 m (660 feet) to about 1,000 m (3,000 feet), in which interval temperatures diminish steadily.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Organisms live within an ecological community, which is defined as an assemblage of populations of at least two different species that interact directly and indirectly within a defined geographic area.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: A (tropical), B (dry), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Modern steel making in India began with the setting of first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works.Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dorabji Tata in 1907, as part of his father’s conglomerate.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 2019, Saturn has unseated Jupiter as the solar system’s most moon-bearing planet. Scientists discovered 20 previously unknown moons orbiting Saturn, which gives Saturn a grand total of 82 moons, flying past Jupiter’s 79.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Kosi River is known as the “Sorrow of Bihar” as the annual floods affect about 21,000 km2 (8,100 sq mi) of fertile agricultural lands thereby disturbing the rural economy.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Asian (or Indian) elephant is the largest terrestrial mammal in Asia, with a maximum shoulder height of 3.2 m. It is smaller than the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), with relatively smaller ears, and the head (not the shoulder) is the highest part of the body.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : ICFRE is the largest organisation responsible for forestry research in India. ICFRE was created in 1987, under the Central Ministry of Environment and Forests (India), to direct and manage research and education in forestry sector in India. ICFRE is headed by a Director General with headquarters at Dehradun.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The inner four planets are called terrestrial planets. That means that they are like the earth in some ways. The terrestrial planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the earth’s moon have similar compositions and densities. These planets are close to the sun, rocky, and dense.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 kilometer.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Hindustan Machine Tools (H.M.T.) is the first large scale modem machine tool factory set up in public sector at Bangalore in 1953, with Swiss collaboration.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Visakhapatnam Steel Plant was separated from SAIL and RINL was made the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant in April 1982. Vizag Steel Plant is the only Indian shore-based steel plant and is situated on 33,000 acres (13,000 ha), and is poised to expand to produce up to 20 MT in a single campus.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Golden Quadrilateral Comprising National Highways connects Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kollata-Delhi (by six lane wuper highways).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, India, is a production unit owned by Indian Railways, that manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and its spare parts. It is the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturer in India. It is located on DLW to BHU road of the metropolitan city of Varanasi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Mountain system of Alps, Transylvanian, Balkans are located in Europe.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Chambal Valley Project: This is a joint venture of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh initiated in 1954 on the Chambal River (the main tributary of the Yamuna). The project aims at harnessing the Chambal River for irrigation, power generation and for prevention and control of soil erosion in the valley.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ganymede is by far the largest moon and orbits around planet Jupiter with a diameter of 5,262 kilometers.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a 30-hectare protected area located in the Kancheepuram District and Madurantakam taluk of the state of Tamil Nadu, India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of demarcation on the surface of Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next. It passes through the middle of the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180° line of longitude but deviating to pass around some territories and island groups.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In Greek, our moon is named “Selene,” as is the moon goddess of ancient Greek mythology. The English word “selenology,” or the study of the moon’s geology, derives from it.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The ratio between the total solar radiation falling (incident) upon a surface and the amount reflected without heating the earth, is called ALBEDO (expressed as a decimal or as a percentage). The earth’s average albedo is about 0.4 (40 percent) ; that is, 4/10 of the solar radiation is reflected back into space.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jawaharlal Nehru port is the largest container port in India and is also known by Nhava Sheva. It is situated in Maharashtra (Mumbai). It accounts for more than half of total container volumes handled at India’s 12 public ports and around 40 percent of the nation’s overall containerized ocean trade.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dulhasti power station is run-of-the-river with pondage scheme with an installed capacity of 390 MW (3 X 130MW) to harness the hydropower potential of river Chenab. It is located in Kishtwar district of Jammu & Kashmir.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Vernal equinox occurs on March 21.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The autumnal equinox occurs on September 23.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Indira Gandhi Zoological Park is located amidst Kambalakonda Reserve Forest in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the third largest zoo in the country. The zoological park is named after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. It was declared open to the public on 19 May 1977.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The predominant element in the Sun is hydrogen, and then helium: by mass, it is 70% hydrogen, 28% helium.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary also a declared tiger reserve, lies on the northwestern side of the Nilgiri Hills, in Nilgiri District, about 150 kilometres north-west of Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu. It shares its boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Exfoliation occurs as cracks develop parallel to the land surface a consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion. It is a type of physical weathering.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : World Water Day is an annual UN observance day (always on 22 March) that highlights the importance of freshwater. The day is used to advocate for the sustainable management of freshwater resources.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rajasthan is a state in northern India. The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, Hyderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Cauvery river rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats in Karnataka at an elevation of about 1341 m and flows for about 800 km before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. The Cauvery river system consists of 21 principal tributaries each with catchment area exceeding 250 Sq.Kms.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Phototrophs and chemotrophs are two types of nutritional groups found in the environment. Most phototrophs are autotrophs, using the energy from sunlight to produce their food. Chemotrophs oxidize inorganic compounds or organic compounds as their energy source. They are the primary producers of food chains.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Naharkatia (also spelled as Naharkatia or Nahorkatiya) is a town and a town area committee in Dibrugarh district in the Indian state of Assam. It is well known for petroleum and gas reserves. Earlier, Duliajan, the head office town of Oil India Limited was in its circle.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans from the Hooghly River in India’s state of West Bengal to the Baleswar River in Bangladesh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Ten Degree Channel is a channel that separates the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands from each other in the Bay of Bengal. The two sets of islands together form the Indian Union Territory (UT) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sun’s rays can make right angle only up to 23(1/2) and South latitudes because Earth is inclined at an angle of 66(1/2) on its axis.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Paper and Pulp Industry is developed in Shahdol and Nepanagar.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Richter scale (ML), quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (size), devised in 1935 by American seismologists Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The earthquake’s magnitude is determined using the logarithm of the amplitude (height) of the largest seismic wave calibrated to a scale by a seismograph.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Maasai are a Nilotic ethnic group inhabiting northern, central and southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. They are among the best known local populations internationally due to their residence near the many game parks of the East African Great Lakes, and their distinctive customs and dress.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Brazil is the largest coffee producing country in the world, and the history comes from last 150 years.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Wien’s Displacement Law states that a black body having a wavelength (λmax) carrying the maximum energy is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature (T).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The North Eastern Railway is one of the 18 railway zones in India. It is headquartered at Gorakhpur and comprises Lucknow, Varanasi and Izzatnagar or Bareilly division.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The range is known as Sahyadri in Maharashtra and Karnataka. The Western Ghats meets the Eastern Ghats at Nilgiris in northwestern Tamil Nadu. Nilgiris connects Biligiriranga Hills in southeastern Karnataka with the Shevaroys and Tirumala hills.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ankleshwar Basin (offshore) oil-fields is located in Gujarat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The major peaks like Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Mansalu, Chooyu, Nanga Parbat and Annapurna all are situated in The Greater Himalayas (Himadri).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : K2 also known as Mount Godwin-Austen or Chhogori at 8,611 metres (28,251 ft) above sea. K2 is the highest point of the Karakoram range and the highest point in both Pakistan and Xinjiang.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : There are nine PIN zones in India, including eight regional zones and one functional zone (for the Indian Army). The first digit of the PIN code indicates the region. The second digit indicates the sub-region, and the third digit indicates the sorting district within the region.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rail Coach Factory at Kapurthala in the Indian state of the Punjab is located on the Jalandhar-Firozpur line.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Vembanad is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam, Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad and Kochi Lake in Kochi.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Tarapur Atomic Power Station (T.AP.S.) was the first nuclear power plant in India. The construction of the plant was started in 1962 and the plant went operational in 1969. The 320 MW Tarapur nuclear power station housed two 160 MW boiling water reactors (BWRs), the first in Asia.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. It is 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon and 96 miles south of Seattle, Washington.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The circulation and movement of soluble inorganic matter (nutrients) derived from sedimentary and atmospheric phases and reservoirs through organic phase of various biotic components and finally their return to inorganic phase is collectively called Biogeochemical Cycles.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The middle zone of the earth with a thickness of 2780 Km having an average density of 5-6 is known as Pyrosphere.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Seismograph, instrument that makes a record of seismic waves caused by an earthquake, explosion, or other Earth-shaking phenomenon. A record produced by a seismograph on a display screen or paper printout is called a seismogram.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary also known as the Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Little Rann of Kutch in the Gujarat state of India. It is spread over an area of 4954 km² .

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Jharia Coalfield is a large coal field located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand. Jharia represents the largest coal reserves in India having estimated reserves of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : World Environment Day (WED) is celebrated on the 5th of June every year, and is the United Nation’s principal vehicle for encouraging awareness and action for the protection of our environment.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Beas project consisting of Beas-Satluj link and pong dam at Beas is the joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The crude birth rate is the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : It is currently the effective boundary between China and India, although its legal status is disputed by the Chinese government. The line is named after Henry McMahon, foreign secretary of British India and the chief negotiator of the convention at Simla.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : India is the seventh largest country in the world, following Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil and Australia, in that order. It occupies 2.4% of the world’s total land but supports 16.7% of the population.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Nagarjuna Sagar Dam was built across the Krishna river at Nagarjuna Sagar where the river forms the boundary between Nalgonda District in Telangana and Guntur district in Andhra Pradesh states in India. The construction duration of the dam was between the years of 1955 and 1967.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Damodar River, river in northeastern India, rising with its many tributaries, notably the Bokaro and Konar, in the Chota Nagpur plateau of south-central Bihar state. It follows a generally eastward course for 368 miles (592 km) through West Bengal to join the Hugli (Hooghly) River southwest of Kolkata (Calcutta).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The excessive shrinking of the geosynclines, caused folding and the surplus sediments were raised as the Himalayan mountains. The Himalayan uplift out of the tethys sea and the subsidence of the northern flank of the peninsular plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : India accounted for the largest number of people living below international poverty line in 2013, with 30 per cent of its population under the $1.90-a- day poverty measure, the World Bank said.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The imaginary line joining the land projecting towards the sea which is the landward limit of internal seawater is called Base Line.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), a subordinate office of the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, is the National Apex Agency entrusted with the responsibilities of providing scientific inputs for management, exploration, monitoring, assessment, augmentation and regulation of ground water resources of the country. Central Ground Water Board was established in 1970 by renaming the Exploratory Tube wells Organization under the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. It was merged with the Ground Water Wing of the Geological Survey of India during 1972.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the largest such forests in the world (140,000 ha), lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is adjacent to the border of India’s Sundarbans World Heritage site inscribed in 1987.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Greenhouse effect gases trap only the heat of Solar Radiation.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : If you look down at our planet from outer space, most of what you see is water; 71% of the planet’s surface is covered by ocean and it is because of this that the Earth is sometimes called “the water planet”. Only about three-tenths of our globe is covered with land.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : India share its longest border with Bangladesh and that is 4093 km. Total length of the boundary, India shares with other countries is 15200 km.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Silicon Valley, in the southern San Francisco Bay Area of California, U. S. A. is home to many start-up and global technology companies. Apple, Facebook and Google are among the most prominent. It’s also the site of technology-focused institutions centered around Palo Alto’s Stanford University.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The highest percentage decadal growth rate of population as per 2011 Census was registered by Meghalaya (27.8).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Chambal and Betwa join Yamuna at the Etawah district and Hamirpur town in Uttarpradesh. As we move to the East, Yamuna Joins Ganga at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad.Son River joins River Ganga near Patna, Bihar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Black soils are poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. The soils are generally rich in the montmorillonitic and beidellitic group of clay minerals. It is most suitable for the growth of cotton. It is also known or cotton soil as a reason.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The difference between GMT and IST is it varies in time duration that is IST is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : One of the most intensive conservation efforts in India, Project Tiger was launched in 1973. It envisaged the setting up of tiger reserves to help in maintaining the population of tigers. As per estimates, the number of tigers was about 40,000 at the beginning of the 20th century.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The preferred habitat of an Indian rhinoceros is alluvial flood plains and areas containing tall grasslands along the foothills of the Himalayas. Formerly, extensively distributed in the Gangetic plains, today the species is restricted to small habitats in Indo-Nepal terai and northern West Bengal and Assam.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Wainganga (IAST: Wainagaṅgā) is a river in India, originating in the Mahadeo Hills in Mundara near village Gopalganj in Seoni Madhya Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Godavari River.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : A river drains the water collected from a specific area, which is called its ‘catchment area’. An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a drainage basin. The boundary line separating one drainage basin from the other is known as the watershed.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Playas occupy the flat central basins of desert plains. They require interior drainage to a zone where evaporation greatly exceeds inflow. A saline playa may be called a salt flat, salt marsh, salada, salar, salt pan, alkali flat, or salina.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In the north-west are the Aravali range, running in south-west, north-east direction forming a discontinuous ridge. Thar Desert lies to the west of Aravali ranges. The southern boundary is demarcated by the Vindhya Range with Kaimur Hills in the eastern extent. The Malwa plateau lies between Aravalis and Vindhyas.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Green Index has been developed by United Nations Environment Programme.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Tropic of Capricorn lies at 23.5 degrees south of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil (Brazil is the only country that passes through both the equator and a tropic), and northern South Africa.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The upper mantle begins at a depth of from 5 to 50 kilometers (3−30 miles) and extends to a depth of approximately 670 kilometers (400 miles) from the surface; the lower mantle extends from a depth of about 670 kilometers (400 miles) to about 2,900 kilometers (1,740 miles).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The average density of the upper crust is 2.8 and that of the lower crust is 3.0. This difference in density is believed to be due to the pressure.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Arabian Sea current of the south- west monsoon which brings rain to the west coast of India. Much of the rainfall along the Western Ghats is orographic as the moist air is obstructed and forced to rise along the Ghats. Three fourths of the total annual rainfall is received during this season. The average rainfall over the plains of India in this season is about 87 per cent.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex (Complexo Hidrelétrico de Paulo Afonso), also known as the Paulo Afonso Complex, is a system of three dams and five hydroelectric power plants on the São Francisco River near the city of Paulo Afonso in Bahia, Brazil.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : China has a installed capacity of 221 GW and is the leader in wind energy, with over a third of the world’s capacity. It has the world’s largest onshore wind farm with a capacity of 7,965 megawatt (MW), which is five times larger than its nearest rival.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Relative Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. Water vapour, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. The amount of water vapour needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Biospheric ecosystem consist of two major components e.g. Biome Component (Plants and Animals) and Habitat Component (Physical Environment).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : It takes sunlight an average of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach to the Earth.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary is a 6.05-square-kilometre (2.34 sq mi) wildlife sanctuary located in Karbi Anglong district, Assam, India. It is 25 km (16 mi) from Golaghat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada and Tapti rivers form Estuaries.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Tsunami is a Japanese word from a double root: tsu, meaning port or harbour, and nami, meaning wave. The word looks innocuous in simple translation, but to those who live on the rim of the Pacific it can spell disaster. Tsunamis are fast moving ocean waves which spread across the open water like ripples on a pond.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The company was founded on 7 November 1975 as “National Thermal Power Corporation Private Limited”. In 1983, NTPC began commercial operations (of selling power) and earned profits of INR 4.5 crores in FY 1982-83. By the end of 1985, it had achieved power generation capacity of 2000 MW.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Dharan, Abquiq , Quatif, Ain Dar, Ghawar and Safanija are the chief oil fields (petroleum regions) located in Saudi Arabia.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The project is located at a distance of 16km downhill of the Pykara (Glenmorgan) power station. The Moyar HS also benefits by the water that is diverted from the Maravakandy Dam (located north-east of Masinagudi) through a flume channel.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Naharkatia (also spelled as Naharkatia or Nahorkatiya) is a town and a town area committee in Dibrugarh district in the Indian state of Assam. It is well known for petroleum and gas reserves. Earlier, Duliajan, the head office town of Oil India Limited was in its circle. However, the towns are close, within a 30-minute journey.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Cumulonimbus (from Latin cumulus, “heaped” and nimbus, “rainstorm”) is a dense, towering vertical cloud, forming from water vapour carried by powerful upward air currents. If observed during a storm, these clouds may be referred to as thunderheads.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Cement industry is generally known as source of raw material.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Gujarat government is all set to develop India’s first tidal energy plant. The state government has approved Rs 25 crore for setting up the 50 MW plant at the Gulf of Kutch. It will produce energy from the ocean tides.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Zaskar range, the Ladakh range, the Kailas and the Karakoram Range are the main ranges of The Himalayan system.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Rising sharply to an average elevation of more than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres), it separates the Jammu Hills to the south from the Vale of Kashmir, beyond which lie the Great Himalayas. The major passes through the range include the Pir Panjal (11,462 feet [3,494 metres]) and Banihal (8,985 feet [2,739 metres]).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In India, the highest rainfall occurs along the West Coast (on the Western Ghats), North-East and hills of Meghalaya.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Monpa, Daffla, Abor, Mishmi, Nishi and Nagas are the prominent tribal communities found in Arunachal Himalayas area.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock. Gneiss is formed by high temperature and high-pressure metamorphic processes acting on formations composed of igneous or sedimentary rocks. Orthogneiss is gneiss derived from igneous rock (such as granite).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Gomarda wildlife sanctuary stretched across 277.82 sq km is 52 kilometer away from Raigarh and is named after the village Gomarda situated inside the sanctuary.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : As per 2011 census data lowest decadal growth rate (state) has been registered in Kerala (4.86%).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : India is world’s second largest tea producer after China. In 2013, India’s estimated tea production was 900 million kilograms, which counts for around 23-24% of global tea production. The top five producer countries of tea are China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Turkey.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The narrow meandering bands of swift winds which blow in the mid latitudes near the tropo pause and encircle the globe are known as Jet Stream.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. It is located in the Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of India. Wide ranges of ecosystems and species diversity are found in this region.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Nanda Devi National Park or Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, established in 1982 , is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi in the state of Uttarakhand in northern India. The entire park lies at an elevation of more than 3,500 m above mean sea level.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The average rainfall in India is about 125 cm.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats in India, having an elevation of 2,695 metres (8,842 ft). Anaimudi is also the highest point in South India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone or Shale.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Shale, sandstone, and limestone are the most common types of sedimentary rocks.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Basalt and granite actually have quite a bit in common. Both are igneous rocks, which means that they cooled from a magma (the earth gets very hot just below the surface, and there is lots of liquid rock available). Both are made up of minerals from the silicate group, so both have large amounts of silicon and oxygen.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Black soil is also called Regur soil. It is black in colour and ideal for growing cotton. This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over North-West Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The radius of the earth is 6370 km.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity (35 km) to a depth of 2,900 km (Moho-Discontinuity to the outer core). The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km. The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The solid, inner core of iron has a radius of about 760 miles (about 1,220 km), according to NASA. It is surrounded by a liquid, outer core composed of a nickel-iron alloy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body waves can travel through the earth’s inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Mercalli scale, named after Giuseppe Mercalli, measures the intensity of an earthquake by determining an earthquake’s effects.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Although our atmosphere extends upward for many hundreds of kilometers, 99% of the atmosphere’s mass is confined within a 30 km of the earth’s surface.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The greenhouse effect, in turn, is one of the leading causes of global warming. The most significant greenhouse gases are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The column of atmosphere is divided into five different layers namely Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Exosphere.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Troposphere plays important role in moderating the temperature on earth that makes it habitable. This delicate exchange of energy between the earth’s surface and atmosphere forbids the earth from becoming too hot and too cold.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Alluvium, material deposited by rivers. It is usually most extensively developed in the lower part of the course of a river, forming floodplains and deltas, but may be deposited at any point where the river overflows its banks or where the velocity of a river is checked—for example, where it runs into a lake. The flood plain along river banks formed by newer alluvium is called Khaddar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Paithan (Jayakwadi) Hydro-electric project, completed with the help of Japan, is on the river Godavari.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The total arable land in India is 160 million hectares (395 million acres). According to the World Bank, only about 35% of total agricultural land in India was reliably irrigated in 2010.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The southernmost point of peninsular India, that is, Kanyakumari, is north of the Equator.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The pass located at the southern end of the Nilgiri Hills in south India is called the Palghat gap.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Factors are responsible for the rapid growth of sugar production in south India as compared to north India are Higher per acre field of sugarcane, Higher sucrose content of sugarcane and Longer crushing period.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mumbai is called the cotton polis because it was the home of textile mills in England. Mumbai due to its high humidity was ideal for setting up cotton textile mills and at one time there were 130 textile mills in Bombay.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Madhya Pradesh is the only diamond producing state and is leading producer of copper conc., pyrophyllite and diaspore. State hosts country’s 68% diaspore, 41% molybdenum ore, 46% pyrophyllite, 32% diamond, 29% copper ore, 17% rock phosphate, 16% each of manganese ore and fireclay and 11% ochre resources.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : World Forestry Day is celebrated annually on 21st March to raise awareness about the importance and conservation of forests all over the world.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Koradi Thermal Power Station (KTPS) is located at Koradi near Nagpur, Maharashtra. The power plant is one of the four major power plants in Vidarbha – a power surplus region of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : India established Durgapur, Rourkela and Bhilai steel plants in collaboration with Britain, Germany and Russia respectively. Durgapur – Britain, Rourkela – Germany, Bhilai – Russia.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The principal copper belt of India lies in Singhbhum and Hazaribagh in Jharkhand. The mining centres are located at Mosabani, Ghatsila, Thobani and Badia of Singbhum, Hazaribagh of Bihar, the Khetri and Dariba areas of Rajasthan, and Agnigundala of Andhra Pradesh.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The following that are true regarding Jhum cultivation in India are It is largely practiced in Assam, It is referred to as ‘slash and burn’ technique and In it, the fertility is exhausted in a few years.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Yarlung Zangbo river, in India, is known as Brahmaputra.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Salal Dam also known as Salal Hydroelectric Power Station, is a run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The only zone in the country that produces gold is also rich in iron is Southern zone.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The percentage of earth surface covered by India is 2.4.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The major factors responsible for the monsoon type of climate in India are location, thermal contrast, upper air circulation and inter-tropical convergence zone.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The present forest area of India, according to satellite data is decreasing.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mawsynram is a village in the East Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya state in north eastern India, 65 kilometres from Shillong. Mawsynram receives one of the highest rainfalls in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The refineries are Mathura, Digboi and Panipat are set up by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The predominant type of Indian agriculture is subsistence agriculture.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Radcliffe Line, the border between the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan is revealed. On 17th August 1947 the Radcliffe Line was declared as the boundary between India and Pakistan, following the Partition of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gulf of Cambay has a potential for harnessing of tidal energy in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The typical area of sal forest in the indian peninsular upland occurs on the Malwa plateau.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover of 77,522 sq. km. in terms of area in the country followed by Arunachal Pradesh with the forest cover of 67,321 sq. km.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The most plausible explanation for the location of the Thar desert in western India is the absence of mountains to the north of Rajasthan to cause orographic rainfall in it.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The northern boundary of the peninsula plateau of India runs parallel to the Gange and the Yamuna from Rajmahal hills to a point near Delhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Rice is the most cultivated crop in India. India is the world’s second-largest producer of rice, behind China. Rice was cultivated on an area of around 32.5 million hectares during the fiscal year 2002-2003.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages, which have been referred to as scheduled languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dharwad is the district headquarters of Dharwad district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was merged with the city of Hubballi in 1961 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 200.23 km² and is located 425 km northwest of Bengaluru, on NH-48, between Bengaluru and Pune. The oldest rocks in India are reported from Dharwar region, Karnataka.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The drainage systems of the region are the Chandra Bhaga or the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej and the Yamuna. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall. Groups of rivers originate from the Himachal mountains are Beas, Ravi and Chenab.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bihar and Orissa states have the largest deposits of iron ore.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Delhi has a population density of 11,297 persons per sq km.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) located at Kalpakkam about 80 kilometers (50 mi) south of Chennai, India, is a comprehensive nuclear power production, fuel reprocessing, and waste treatment facility that includes plutonium fuel fabrication for fast breeder reactors (FBRs) is the only atomic power station in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The south-west monsoon contributes around 86 percent of the total rain in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : India’s claim to a part of its north-east territories, for example, is largely based on the same agreements – notes exchanged during the Simla convention of 1914, which set the boundary between India and Tibet – that the British appear to have simply discarded.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Formation of the rockies, India collides with Asia and the formation of the Himalayas and the Alps took place in the Cenozoic era.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Digboi in Assam is an oil town that can be traced to the early 18th century, when oil was first discovered here. Digboi can proudly boast of two unique features: a 100-year-old extant oilfield and the world’s oldest operating oil refinery.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Unlike other parts of the Indian Coast, fishing industry has not developed along the Saurashtra coast because of overwhelming dependence on agriculture and animal husbandry.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The mountain building in Himalayas began about 45 million years ago when the continental plates of India and Eurasia converged on each other.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The outer Himalayas lie between the lease Himalayas and the Indo Gangetic plain.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Geographical features that have played a great unifying role in strengthening the forces of homogeneity of the Indian people are the expanses of water surrounding the peninsula, the Himalayan Mountains, the vastness of the country and the presence of the Indian ocean.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Drainage systems fall into Bay of Bengal from Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Cauvery.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Digboi in Assam is an oil town that can be traced to the early 18th century, when oil was first discovered here. Digboi can proudly boast of two unique features: a 100-year-old extant oilfield and the world’s oldest operating oil refinery.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is the oldest range of fold mountains in India. The natural history of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when the Indian plate was separated from the Eurasian plate by an ocean.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : All the 10 major river systems of Asia including the Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra, Irrawady, Salween and Mekong originate in the Tibetan plateau. Among the following groups of rivers have their source of origin in Tibet are Brahmaputra, Indus and Sutlej.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Measures that are effective for soil conservation in India are afforestation and Limiting shifting cultivation. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees (forestation) in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Sugarcane crops needs maximum water per hectare. The crop water need or crop evapotranspiration consists of transpiration by the plant and evaporation from the soil and plant surface.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The water shed between India and Myanmar is formed by Naga hills. These lies in the borders of India and Burma.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The originating in the Himalayan mountain complex consists of three distinct drainage systems of the Indian subcontinent.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The percentage of India’s population employed in agriculture is nearly 70%.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Western Ghats form one of the four watersheds of India, feeding the perennial rivers of India. The major river systems originating in the Western Ghats are Godavari, Kaveri, Krishna, Thamiraparani and Tungabhadra. Mahanadi does not originate from the Western Ghats.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ganga-Brahmaputra valley areas or regions is most prone to earthquakes. Generally, the areas having trap rock or basaltic rock are prone to earthquakes.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : 33.3% of the total geographical area should be under forest/tree cover.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi Sagar dams has generations of power more than irrigation as its main purpose. The Gandhi Sagar Dam is one of the four major dams built on India’s Chambal River. The dam is located in the Mandsaur, Neemuch districts of the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is a masonry gravity dam, standing 62.17 metres (204.0 ft) high, with a gross storage capacity of 7.322 billion cubic metres from a catchment area of 22,584 km2 (8,720 sq mi).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Coconut crop is regarded as a plantation crop. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The term “coconut” (or the archaic “cocoanut”) can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which botanically is a drupe, not a nut.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Among the following USA leads in the production of aluminium and its products in the world. As a whole, China has the maximum production.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea. Usually, the term monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is also a dry phase. The term is sometimes incorrectly used for locally heavy but short-term rains, although these rains meet the dictionary definition of monsoon.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Deccan plateau is the most ideal region for the cultivation of cotton in india. Because of the thick dark soil also known as regur soil which is widely found in Deccan plateau, this place is suitable for cultivation of cotton.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The following that are true with respect to the Indian Peninsular Plateau are The southern plateau block is formed mainly of granite and gneiss, The Deccan lava plateau is an elevated tableland consisting of horizontally arranged lava sheets, The Malwa plateau dominates the Vindhyam scraps, forming the northern flank of the plateau and The trough of the Narmada and Tapti are interposed between the Vindhyan and the Satpura ranges.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Alluvial soil are mostly confined to river basin and costal plain as river tends to erode the soils and deposit the heavy fertile soil near river and it’s adjacent areas.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The two states of India, most richly endowed with iron ore, are Bihar and Orissa.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Indus-Ganga Plain and the North Indian River Plain, is a 630-million-acre (2.5-million km2) fertile plain encompassing Northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of northern and eastern India, the eastern parts of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal accounts for over 90% of India’s annual coal production.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The significant shifts in Indian agriculture during green revolution include both non-food grains reported some spectacular progress and shift in the cropping pattern and major food grains, in the eastern regions productions decreased and in the northern states increased.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : There are total 13 major sea ports of India,out of which 12 are government and one, Ennore port of Chennai is the corporate one.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The peninsular Rivers in India include the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada, and Tapti or Tapi. Together they drain a significant portion of rural India. These rivers carry both religious and cultural significances in the lives of Indian people. Krishna among the following is a peninsular river of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Coal is one of the most important sources of energy and is being used for various proposes such as heating of housed, as fuel for boilers and steam engines and for generation of electricity by thermal plants. Coal is found in abundance in our country and it is the most important source of energy in our country.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : When it is 12:00 pm in Allahabad, there will 6 30 hrs in London as it is 5 hrs 30 minutes behind IST.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Canada (202,080 km) has the longest total coastlines in the world, and these hold great cultural, military, and economic importance for each of them.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The river Godavari is often referred to as Vridha Ganga because of its large size and extent among the peninsular rivers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The scarcity or crop failure of Groundnut can cause a serious edible oil crisis in India. The peanut, also known as the groundnut, goober, or monkey nut, and taxonomically classified as Arachis hypogaea, is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The pennines (Europe), Appalachians (America) and the Aravallis (India) are examples of old mountains.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Factors that are responsible for present crisis in the jute industry in India are The decline in overseas market and Inadequately supply of raw jute.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Factors that are responsible for India’s failure to fully exploit the inland fisheries during the last five decades are Silting and pollution of the inland water bodies and Lack of marketing facilities.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The main minerals found in Karnataka are listed below: Gold: The Kolar Gold Fields in Kolar used to be one of the major producers of gold in India, before it shut down. Presently the gold mines of Hutti and Raichur produce almost 84 per cent of the country’s gold.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : River Kaveri originates in the Brahmagiri hills in Kodagu, in a place called Talakaveri (head of Kaveri). It starts its journey from the small pond called as Kundike pond, later the two tributaries known as Kanake and Sujyoti joins it. All these three rivers meets at the point called Bhagamandala.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The largest lignite reserve in India is located at Neyveli in Tamil Nadu. At places, these coal seams are more than 15 metres thick. This coal has more than 35 per cent carbon content. Neyveli Lignite Corporation has been set up for multipurpose use of this coal, after enrichment of its carbon content.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Narmada, Periyar and Tapti are the only long rivers, which flow west and make estuaries. An Estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Only West following rivers of India forms Estuary.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Because it seems In addition to being known as the evening star, Venus was also called the morning star because it could be seen for a few hours before the Sun grew too bright. The planet actually becomes brightest before the Sun rises or just after sunset.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The largest planet in our solar system by far is Jupiter, which beats out all the other planets in both mass and volume. Jupiter’s mass is more than 300 times that of Earth, and its diameter, at 140,000 km, is about 11 times Earth’s diameter.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Black soils are poor in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. The soils are generally rich in the montmorillonitic and beidellitic group of clay minerals. It is most suitable for the growth of cotton. It is also known or cotton soil as a reason.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Uttar Pradesh (UP) will be the largest producer of sugar in India; followed by Maharashtra, which is expected to trail marginally behind UP. Also, sugar production in Karnataka will recover to its near normal levels (five-year average).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Western Ghats also known as Sahyadri (Benevolent Mountains) is a mountain range that covers an area of 140,000 km² in a stretch of 1,600 km parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, traverse the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kandla is a seaport in Kutch district of Gujarat in western India.