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10 Lines on Dussehra: Dussehra is a Hindu festival celebrated all over India. It is observed in the memory of Lord Rama. On this day, Ram defeated the evil soul Ravana who was the king of Sri Lanka. On this day people burn a demon-like structure of Ravan which is made up of wood and crackers. And other beliefs regarding this day are that West Bengal people believe that Maa Durga came to visit her father’s house on earth. Maa Durga defeated Mahishasura on this day. It is a festival showing the greatness of good over evil, light over dark, and increases God’s belief.

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Set 1 – 10 Lines on Dussehra for kids

Set 1 is helpful for the student of class 1,2,3,4 and 5

1. Dussehra is one of the Hindu festivals celebrated in India.
2. It is the festival of Hindus all over India but celebrated by all religions in different regions.
3. It is also known as Vijayadashami.
4. It is a festival celebrated with immense enthusiasm, happiness and joy all over the country.
5. It begins with Navratri, and it is a ten days long festival.
6. Students get ten days long holidays to enjoy the festival.
7. This is the festival to celebrate the belief of good over evil.
8. People of all ages want this festival it Unites the people.
9. On this day people wear new saree and cloth and visit several places and enjoy street food.
10. On this day, sweets are prepared and distributed and exchanged gifts with family and friends.

Set 2 – 10 Lines on Dussehra for School Children

Set 2 is useful for students of class 6,7 and 8

1. Dussehra is a Hindu festival celebrated all over India.
2. It is observed in the memory of Lord Rama. On this day Ram defeated the evil soul Ravanwho was the king of Sri Lanka.
3. On this day people burn a demon-like structure of Ravan which is made up of wood crackers.
4. And other beliefs regarding this day are that West Bengal people believe that Maa Durga came to visit her father’s house on earth.
5. People in North India celebrate Ram Leela by burning effigies of Ravana. Effigies are filled with explosive crackers, and someone aims an arrow to the effigies and catches fire.
6. Dussehra celebrated two or three weeks before Diwali. It is valley Falls around September to October everyone waited for this festival eagerly.
7. The main motto of the festival is the victory of good over evil. People all over India celebrate Dussehra with enthusiasm, pomp and show. The different cultures do not harm the celebration of festivals.
8. Dussehra marks the victory of Lord Rama and Ravana. Thus people assume that battle was for ten days between them.
9. All the family members spend time with each other and eat good food and watch Firework.
10. In this festival, some local theatres celebrate the play of Ramleela, which is based on Ramayana.

Set 3 – 10 Lines on Dussehra for Higher Class Students

Set 3 is helpful for students of class 9,10,11,12 and competitive exams.

1. Dussehra is celebrated on the 10th day of Shukla paksha of Ashwini month. Dussehra is the final day of Navratri celebration of Dussehra making a massive contribution to a country’s economy and became a source for people involved in statue making local shop decorator and vendors.
2. All the family members dressed well in new beautiful clothes. In some areas, some little festivals are organised to celebrate the beauty of the day.
3. All the people get an opportunity to work for this festival. The Government of India carries the responsibility of cleaning the area and maintaining during the celebration.
4. Dussehra is one of the highly celebrated holidays in India. It is mainly a Hindu festival, but in India, people of various regional religions enjoy themselves. All the streets are decorated with flower lights and songs.
5. In some places, statues of Maa Durga and Mahishasura are made which catch the eye of visitors.
6. In some cases, Dussehra is celebrated at Vijaya Dashami while Bengal and Odisha are marked as a Dussehra. On this day people say goodbye to Maa Durga and welcome Maa Kali.
7. This festival adds a lot of rituals and worship ceremonies. Some people fast for all nine days while some fast only on the first and last days they worship goddess Durga to get the blessing on the tenth-day people to celebrate Dussehra in Lord Rama’s joy.
8. Different religions and regions of the country have different customs and traditions for celebrating Dussehra. In some places, it is celebrated for a full ten days with mantras and stories from Ramayana while in some days it is celebrated for three days.
9. 9th days of Navratri is known as Durga Puja on who is Goddess Durga worshipped in her nine forms; stop the Ramleela reminding of the history of Sita subduction and Ram’s victory and the defeat of Ravana and his son Meghnath and his brother Kumbhakarna.
10. There is a belief regarding this Dussehra celebration that Goddess Durga defeated mahishasura and killed his evil from the earth. Another believes that lord Rama won a victory over Ravana.

Frequently Asked Questions on Dussehra

Question 1.
What is the main motto of Dussehra?

Answer:
It is a festival which signifies the win of good over evil.

Question 2.
How do people celebrate Dussehra?

Answer:
People all over India celebrate Dussehra in their different ways with wearing new sarees and burning of Ravan and brothers.

Question 3.
When does Dussehra occur?

Answer:
Dussehra is celebrated on the 10th day of Shukla paksha of Ashwini month. Generally, it is in September or October month.

Question 4.
What is the mythological history behind Dussehra?

Answer:
There is a belief regarding this Dussehra celebration that Goddess Durga defeated mahishasura and killed his evil from the earth. Another believes that lord Rama won the victory over Ravana.

10 Lines on APJ Abdul Kalam: APJ Abdul Kalam’s full name was Avul Pakir Nainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, and he was the 11th President of the Republic of India. He was in power for a period of 5 years, from the years 2002 to 2007, and was elected by NDA with support from its opposition parties as well. Being elected as President by a largely Hindutva ideological party despite being a Muslim speaks volumes to how influential he was.

Even before his presidency, Kalam was an important asset to the government of India for his contributions to the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), where he was the scientific adviser of the defence minister of India. He is also known for contributing in research to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

For his contributions to the Indian defence ministry, Kalam won the title of “Missile Man” and also won several awards in the international as well as Indian spheres, such as the Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna awards. Let us take a look at a few sets of 10 lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for all age groups which will help us to write essays and long paragraphs about the scientist and politician, and will also help us to improve our general knowledge.

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Set 1 – 10 lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for kids

This set of 10 lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for junior school will be helpful for children who are students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

1. APJ Abdul Kalam is the most well-known for being the 11th President of India from the years 2002 to 2007.
2. He was also the scientific advisor for the defence minister of India from 1992 to 1997.
3. APJ Abdul Kalam earned his degree in aeronautical engineering, which is the building of aeroplanes from Madras Institute of Technology.
4. After he got his degree, Kalam joined the DRDO, an organisation which researches defence in the country.
5. Kalam helped to create several missiles while he was in the DRDO, which gave him the nickname “Missile Man”
6. Kalam also joined ISRO, which is an organisation that researches space.
7. At ISRO, Kalam helped the government build a machine called SLV-III, which is a machine used to launch a satellite into space.
8. APJ Abdul Kalam created a plan called Technology Vision 2020 in the year 1998 to help bring development to India by the year 2020 through technology.
9. APJ Abdul Kalam won the Padma Vibhushan award in the year 1990, the Bharat Ratna award in 1997 and also many international awards.
10. APJ Abdul Kalam has also written many books, including Wings of Fire (his autobiography), I Am Kalam, etc.

Set 2 – 10 Lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for School Children

This set of 10 lines on APJ Abdul Kalam should be useful for students in middle school in classes 6, 7, 8 and 9.

1. APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India and he was in power from 2002 to 2007 from the NDA Hindutva government.
2. While he was President, Kalam focused on technology to advance the level of development in the country and devised the Technology Vision 2020 plan for the development of India.
3. Kalam was born in Rameshwaram, on October 15th 1931 and he passed away in Shillong on July 27th 2015.
4. Kalam earned his degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology in the late 1950s.
5. After attaining his engineering degree, Kalam joined the Defense Research and Development Organisation in 1958, which he left and joined back in 1982.
6. When Kalam rejoined the DRDO, he became the scientific advisor to the defence minister, and he also became principal defence minister later on.
7. Kalam made significant contributions to the engineering and creation of missiles in the country while being the scientific advisor, earning himself the nickname “Missile Man”
8. Before rejoining the DRDO, Kalam joined ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) and helped in the creation of the SLV-III, a satellite launch vehicle designed in India for the first time.
9. Kalam won several awards for his work in the DRDO as well as the ISRO, including some of India’s highest awards like the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna in 1997.
10. Kalam has written several famous books, including his autobiography, Wings of Fire.

Set 3 – 10 Lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for Higher Class Students

The following set of 10 lines on APJ Abdul Kalam for senior school is suitable for students in classes 10, 11 and 12.

1. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15th October 1931 in Rameshwaram and died on 27th July 2015 while in Shillong.
2. APJ Abdul Kalam made significant contributions in the defence industry of India during his time spent at the DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) in the area of nuclear weapons such as missiles, thus earning him the nickname of “Missile Man”
3. APJ Abdul Kalam was on the team of people who designed and built India’s first satellite vehicle launcher, the SLV-III.
4. APJ Abdul Kalam acted as a scientific advisor through the years 1992 to 1997 to the defence minister, and later as the principal scientific advisor through the years 1998 to 2001.
5. In the year 1998, APJ Abdul Kalam played a prominent role in the testing of nuclear weapons in India, which made him a hero in the eyes of the nation.
6. In the year 2002, APJ Abdul Kalam became the 11th President of India and served as the same through the years 2002 to 2007.
7. Kalam was elected as President by the NDA Hindutva alliance despite his religious identity, and also had the support of its opposition parties such as the Indian National Congress, which speaks volumes to how influential he was.
8. APJ Abdul Kalam believed in advancing the country through means of technology and he emphasised upon this in his  Technology Vision 2020 plan to increase productivity in agriculture, for increasing economic growth and also using technology to better the medical and educational infrastructure for the country.
9. APJ Abdul Kalam authored several inspirational books, one of which was his autobiography titled “Wings of Fire” and also “India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium” emphasizing his Technology Vision 2020 plan of 1998.
10. APJ Abdul Kalam has received a high amount of international recognition and has also received Indian awards of the highest statures, such as the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna award in 1997.

Frequently Asked Questions on APJ Abdul Kalam

Question 1.
Which organisations was APJ Abdul Kalam associated with?

Answer:
APJ Abdul Kalam was associated with the following organisations:

1. Madras Institute of Technology, from where he graduated with a degree in aeronautical engineering.
2. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) where he made significant contributions to India’s defence sector.
3. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was part of the team which designed the SLV-III.
4. National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was his political affiliation when he became President of India.

Question 2.
Why was APJ Abdul Kalam known as “Missile Man”?

Answer:
APJ Abdul Kalam was nicknamed the “Missile Man” because of his contribution to the development of missiles (nuclear weapons) in India and also for carrying out nuclear weapon testing in 1998 in India.

Question 3.
Which awards did APJ Abdul Kalam win?

Answer:
APJ Abdul Kalam won several Indian as well as international awards:

1. Padma Bhushan in 1981
2. Padma Vibhushan in 1990
3. Bharat Ratna in 1997
4. Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1997
5. Ramanujan Prize in 2000
6. King Charles II Medal in 2007
7. International von Karman Wings Award in 2009
8. Hoover Medal in 2009
9. IEEE Honorary Membership in 2011
10. Von Braun Award in 2013

Question 4.
What is Technology Vision 2020?

Answer:
Technology Vision 2020 was a plan devised by APJ Abdul Kalam in the year 1998 to make India, a developing economy, a developed nation by the year 2020. He focused on the importance of technology in bringing development to India, such as in the agriculture sector, economic growth, and for getting better infrastructure.

10 Lines on Delhi: Delhi is the capital of India and was recognised as a Union territory in the year 1956. It was officially declared as the capital of India after the Independence in 1947. Delhi has been a place of historical importance since the beginning when the Pandavas ruled in the city, which was then called Indraprastha.

Delhi is presently the second wealthiest city of the country after Mumbai. The Delhi-NCR region includes the neighbouring cities of Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad. Every year students and people of the working population come to Delhi in search of better opportunities. The city boasts some of the country’s finest universities and colleges.

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Short Essay on Delhi

The NCT or National Capital Territory of Delhi is a city containing New Delhi, the capital of India. The city is bordered by Haryana on three sides and shares border with Uttar Pradesh on the eastern side. The total population of the city is roughly 30 million. The city is home to all the major bureaucrats and the high ranked government officials. The three arms of the government – the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary are located in the city.

Delhi also boasts some of the important cultural heritage sites of the country such as Red Fort, Qutub Minar, Humayun’s tomb, Jama Masjid, India Gate, Akshardham temple, Agrasen ki Baoli etc. The city is also home to the headquarters of almost all government agencies. Given below are sets of 10 lines about Delhi. Students or anyone can use this information in discovering more about the city.

Set 1 – 10 Lines on Delhi for kids

The first set is meant for the students of primary classes from 1-5. It gives basic information about the city.

1. Delhi is the capital of India.
2. The population of Delhi is roughly 30 million.
3. Delhi has a number of cultural heritage sites such as Red Fort, India Gate, Lotus temple, Qutub Minar, Akshardham
4. Temple, Jama Masjid, Ashoka pillar, Humayun’s tomb etc.
5. The Delhi Metro is the lifeline of the capital and is the world’s tenth-largest metro system in terms of length.
6. The bordering states of New Delhi are Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
7. The problem of Air Pollution in New Delhi is a major concern which makes it one of the cities with the highest level of air pollution.
8. New Delhi is one of the oldest cities in the world and has a rich cultural significance throughout history.
9. The Delhi- NCR region includes the cities of Noida, Ghaziabad, Faridabad and Gurgaon.
10. Indira Gandhi International Airport is situated in New Delhi which serves as the aviation hub for the rest of northern India. The National Capital Territory covers an area of almost 1484 square kilometres.

Set 2 – 10 Lines on Delhi for School Children

The second set gives a detailed analysis of the city. This set is meant for the students of class 6-10.

1. Delhi is home to almost all the ministers and high-ranked officials such as Prime Minister, President, Cabinet ministers, ambassadors.
2. The Supreme Court, The Parliament House, Indian Army headquarters are some of the major institutions in Delhi.
3. IIT Delhi is among the top IITs in the country.
4. The present Chief Minister of Delhi is Shri Arvind Kejriwal and the Lt. Governor of Delhi is Shri Anil Baijal.
5. Delhi University is one of the most prestigious universities in the country and every year lakhs of students apply for admission in colleges like Hindu College, Hansraj College, SRCC, St. Stephens, LSR, Gargi College, Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies etc.
6. The NCT or National Capital Territory of Delhi resembles a state with its own legislature, high court and a council of ministers.
7. The administration powers in New Delhi are distributed between the central government and the local government of New Delhi.
8. The city has been inhabited since the 6th century and has been home to different kingdoms in different periods.
9. The city is bordered by Haryana on three sides and borders with Uttar Pradesh on the east side.
10. The Delhi Transport Corporation and other public transport vehicles run entirely on Compressed Natural Gas.

Set 3 – 10 Lines on Delhi for Higher Class Students

The third set provides an in-depth picture of the city and about its history. The set is meant for senior secondary students and higher.

1. New Delhi was recognised as a Union territory in 1956.
2. The local civic administration in New Delhi is divided among five bodies- the North Delhi municipal corporation, the South Delhi municipal corporation, the New Delhi municipal corporation and the Delhi cantonment board.
3. According to a recent study, about 49% of the population of Delhi lives in slums and unauthorised colonies.
4. Delhi is the second most populated city in the world.
5. The Khari Baori Market in Delhi close to the Fatehpuri masjid is the largest spice market in Asia and has been in place since the 17th century attracting tourists and city dwellers.
6. The Administrative powers of the union territory are distributed between the local government and the central government.
7. New Delhi is home to several cabinet ministers, high-ranked bureaucrats, top-ranked officials, the Prime Minister and the President of India.
8. On Republic day every year, a large parade is organised from the Rashtrapati Bhawan to the India gate moving on the Rajpath.
9. The city also has a rich cultural heritage and includes sites of cultural importance such as India Gate, Red Fort, Qutub Minar, Jama Masjid, Akshardham Temple, Humayun’s tomb etc.
10. New Delhi is the seat of the three important arms of the government- the Legislative, the Executive and the Judiciary.

Frequently Asked Questions on Delhi

Question 1.
What are the main causes of air pollution in New Delhi?

Answer:
The toxic quality of air in New Delhi is the effect of several reasons.

1. Stubble burning by the farmers of the neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
2. Vehicular pollution and traffic menace is a major contributing factor in the city which leads to the degradation of air quality and the formation of smog.
3. The situations worsen in Winter season as the dust particles remain locked in the air due to stagnant winds.
4. Over-population is yet another reason for the declining levels of air quality in the capital.
5. Less investment in Public transport and public infrastructure leads to more traffic and hence more pollution.
6. Industrial pollution and garbage dumps add to the degrading quality of air.
7. Large-scale construction in the Delhi-NCR region increases the dust particles in the air.

Question 2.
Comment on the Delhi metro rail system.

Answer:
The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation is the nodal authority responsible for the metro system in the capital. The first corridor opened in 2002 from Shahdara to Tis Hazari. The present metro system is 389 kilometres long with a total of 285 stations. The rail system moves underground, elevated and on the ground level in different regions.

The Delhi Metro Rail Network has expanded to the neighbouring regions of Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh. Apart from providing a reliable mode of the transport system to the people of the capital, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation also works to reduce the amount of air pollution in the air. It reduces greenhouse emissions by 6.3 lakh tons every year and also has solar panels set up on the roofs of stations.

Question 3.
What are some of the heritage sites located in Delhi?

Answer:
New Delhi is home to several rich heritage sites of the world. Some of the well-recognised heritage sites are-

1. Humayun’s Tomb- The heritage site sits on the banks of the river Yamuna and is an architectural marvel built during the Mughal period.
2. Qutub Minar- The landmark sit built in the 13th century is the world’s tallest brick minaret. Qutub Minar attracts thousands of tourists every day being a UNESCO world heritage site.
3. India Gate- The India gate is situated at the eastern end of the Rajpath and stands tall as a War memorial built-in 1921 in memory of the soldiers who laid down their lives in the First World War.
4. Red Fort – The Red Fort or Lal Quila was the home of Mughals for a period of 200 years and was a place of hosting important ceremonies. Even today on Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the entire country from the Red Fort.
5. Jama Masjid- Jama Masjid stands tall in the Old Delhi region built in the Mughal period by the emperor Shah Jahan.

Question 4.
Comment on the historical significance of New Delhi.

Answer:
The capital of the country has a rich and significant historical background and has been ruled by some of the most powerful emperors. The historical pieces of evidence trace back to the Mahabharata Period. The city was called Indraprastha where the Pandavas used to live.

The city has gone from being ruled by Hindu kings to Muslim emperors from one ruler to another. In 1803, the Britishers claimed control over the city and later shifted their capital from Calcutta to New Delhi in the year 1911. After the Independence of India, New Delhi was officially declared as the capital of the country.