Production and Costs Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Question 1.
In production function, production is a function of:
(a) Price
(b) Factors of Production
(c) Total Expenditure
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) Factors of Production
Question 2.
The basic reason of operating the Law of Diminishing Returns is:
(a) Scarcity of Factors
(b) Imperfect Substitution between Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 3.
Which of the following explains the short-run production function ?
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Law of Variable Proportion
(c) Returns to Scale
(d) Elasticity of Demand
Answer
Answer: (b) Law of Variable Proportion
Question 4.
Long-run production function is related to:
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Law of Increasing Returns
(c) Laws of Returns to Scale
(d) Elasticity of Demand
Answer
Answer: (c) Laws of Returns to Scale
Question 5.
In which stage of production a rational producer likes to operate in shot-run production ?
(a) First Stage
(b) Second Stage
(c) Third Stage
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) Second Stage
Question 6.
Law of variable proportion explains three stages of production. In the first stage of production:
(a) Both MP and AP rise
(b) MP rises
(c) AP Falls
(d) MP is zero
Answer
Answer: (a) Both MP and AP rise
Question 7.
At which time all the factors of production may be changed ?
(a) Short run
(b) Long run
(c) Very Long run
(d) All the three
Answer
Answer: (b) Long run
Question 8.
Production function is expressed as:
(a) Qx = Px
(b) Qx = f(A, B, C, D)
(c) Qx = Dx
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) Qx = f(A, B, C, D)
Question 9.
Which factors among following we find in short-run production process ?
(a) Fixed Factors
(b) Variable Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 10.
The cycle which increases first and after being constant starts to reduce is called :
(a) APP
(b) MPP
(c) TPP
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Question 11.
Which of the following is a saurce of production ?
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Capital
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Question 12.
Law of variable proportion is related to :
(a) Both short-run and long run
(b) Long-run
(c) Short-run
(d) Very Long-run
Answer
Answer: (c) Short-run
Question 13.
An active factor of production is:
(a) Capital
(b) Labour
(c) Land
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) Labour
Question 14.
If all the factors of production are increased by same proportion and as a result output increases by a greater proportion than it is called :
(a) Constant returns to scale
(b) Decreasing returns to scale
(d) All of these
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Question 15.
Which of the following is included in money cost ?
(a) Normal Profit
(b) Explicit Cost
(c) Implicit Cost
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Question 16.
Which of the following is not fixed cost ?
(a) Insurance Premium
(b) Interest
(c) Cost of Raw Material
(d) Rent of the Factory
Answer
Answer: (c) Cost of Raw Material
Question 17.
With the increase in production the difference between total cost and total fixed cost:
(a) Remains Constant
(b) Increases
(c) Decreases
(d) Both Increases or Decreases
Answer
Answer: (b) Increases
Question 18.
Changes in production quantity affect:
(a) Both Fixed and Variable Cost
(b) Only Variable Cost
(c) Only Fixed Cost
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Only Variable Cost
Question 19.
What happens when production is shut down ?
(a) Fixed Cost Increases
(b) Variable Costs Decline
(c) Variable Costs become zero
(d) Fixed Costs become zero
Answer
Answer: (c) Variable Costs become zero
Question 20.
The alternative name of opportunity cost is:
(a) Economic Cost
(b) Equilibrium Price
(c) Marginal Cost
(d) Average Cost
Answer
Answer: (a) Economic Cost
Question 21.
When average cost is decreasing what status marginal cost has as compared to average cost ?
(a) MC > AC
(b) MC = AC
(c) MC ≤ AC
(d) MC ≠ AC
Answer
Answer: (c) MC ≤ AC
Question 22.
Which statement of the following is true ?
(a) AC=TFC – TVC
(b) AC = AFC + TVC
(c) AC=TFC + AVC
(d) AC = AFC + AVC
Answer
Answer: (d) AC = AFC + AVC
Question 23.
What is an opportunity cost ?
(a) The alternative foregon
(b) The opportunity lost
(c) Transfer earnings
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Question 24.
The shape of average cost curve is :
(a) U-shaped
(b) Reactangular Hyperbola shaped
(c) Line parallel to x-axis
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) U-shaped
Question 25.
The average fixed cost at 5 units of output is Rs. 20. Average variable cost at 5 units of output is Rs. 40. Average cost of producing 5 units is:
(a) Rs. 20
(b) Rs. 40
(c) Rs.56
(d) Rs.60
Answer
Answer: (d) Rs.60
Question 26.
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) TVC = TC – TFC
(b) TC = TVC-TFC
(c) TFC = TVC + TC
(d) TC = TVC x TFC
Answer
Answer: (a) TVC = TC – TFC
Question 27.
Average variable costs can be defined as:
(a) TVC x Q
(b) TVC + Q
(c) TVC-Q
(d) TVC ÷ Q
Answer
Answer: (d) TVC ÷ Q
Question 28.
With increase in output, the difference between total cost and total variable cost:
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) Remains Constant
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Remains Constant
Question 29.
Which factors are used in short-run production process ?
(a) Fixed Factors
(b) Variable Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 30.
Following figure shows:
(a) Total Fixed Cost
(b) Total Variable Cost
(c) Total Cost
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) Total Variable Cost
Question 31.
In which market MR may become zero or negative ?
(a) Monopoly
(b) Monopolistic Competition
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Perfect Competition
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 32.
In which market AR = MR ?
(a) Monopoly
(b) Monopolistic Competition
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Perfect Competition
Answer
Answer: (d) Perfect Competition
Question 33.
In monopoly and monopolistic competition :
(a) AR = MR
(b) AR > MR
(c) AR < MR
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (b) AR > MR
Question 34.
To which market, following figure belongs ?
(a) Perfect Competition
(b) Monopoly
(c) Monopolistic Competition
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) Monopoly
Question 35.
With which condition, firm will get maximum profit ?
(a) Where MR = MC
(b) Where MC cuts MR from below
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 36.
In perfect competition, which of the following remains constant ?
(a) AR
(b) MR
(c) Both AR and MR
(d) None of the both
Answer
Answer: (c) Both AR and MR
Question 37.
In perfect competition:
(a) AR = MR
(b) AR > MR
(c) MR < MC
(d) MR = MC = 0
Answer
Answer: (a) MR = MC
Question 38.
When 5 units of a goods are sold, total revenue is Rs. 100. When 6 units are sold, marginal revenue is Rs. 8. At what price are 6 units sold ?
(a) Rs. 28 per unit
(b) Rs. 20 per unit
(c) Rs. 18 per unit
(d) Rs. 12 per unit
Answer
Answer: (c) Rs. 18 per unit
Question 39.
MR is shown as:
(a) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)
(b) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)
(c) \(\frac { ΔAR }{ Q }\)
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)
Question 40.
AR is shown as:
(a) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)
(b) \(\frac { ΔQ }{ P }\)
(c) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)
Question 41.
In which market AR curve is parallel to X-axis ?
(a) Perfect Competition
(b) Monopoly
(c) Monopolistic Competition
(d) In all the above
Answer
Answer: (a) Perfect Competition
Question 42.
Which of the following is a true statement ?
(a) AR indicates price
(b) AR Curve and Demand Curve are the same
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 43.
The basic condition of firm’s equilibrium is:
(a) MC = MR
(b) MR = TR
(c) MR = AR
(d) AC = AR
Answer
Answer: (a) MC = MR
Question 44.
In final equilibrium of firm:
(a) MC cuts MR from above
(b) MC cuts MR from below
(c) Both (a) and (b) are
(d) None of the above is true
Answer
Answer: (b) MC cuts MR from below
Question 45.
For every market, which condition has to be fulfilled for firm’s equilibrium ?
(a) AR = MC
(b) MR = MC
(c) MC should cut MR from below
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer
Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)
Question 46.
Which is a method of producer’s equilibrium ?
(a) TR and TC Method
(b) MR and MC Method
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 47.
For a firm’s equilibrium:
(a) MR = MC
(b) MR > MC
(c) MR < MC
(d) MR = MC = 0
Answer
Answer: (a) MR = MC
Question 48.
On which assumption, the law of supply depends ?
(a) There should be no change in income levels of buyers and sellers in the market.
(b) Prices of factors of production remain stable
(c) Technological level remains constant
(d) All the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 49.
If other things being same, what does the positive relationship between price and supply quantity signify ?
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Elasticity of Supply
(c) Law of Supply
(d) Supply Function
Answer
Answer: (c) Law of Supply
Question 50.
The reason of decrease in supply is:
(a) Increase in Production Cost
(b) Increase in Price of Substitutes
(c) Fall in number of Firms in the Industry
(d) All the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 51.
The figure given below shows:
(a) Extension in Supply
(b) Contraction in Supply
(c) Elasticity of supply
(d) Elasticity of demand
Answer
Answer: (a) Extension in Supply
Question 52.
The quantity of a goods which the seller is ready to sell in the market at fixed price and time is called ?
(a) Supply
(b) Demand
(c) Elasticity of supply
(d) Elasticity of Demand
Answer
Answer: (a) Supply
Question 53.
Supply is associated with:
(a) A Time Period
(b) Price
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 54.
Determinating factor of supply of goods is:
(a) Price of Goods
(b) Price of Related Goods
(c) Price of Factor of Production
(d) All the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 55.
Which of the following statement is true ?
(a) Price and quantity have direct relationship
(b) Supply curve rises from left to right
(c) Supply is affected by many factors
(d) All the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 56.
Which of the following function shows the laws of supply ?
(a) S = f(P)
(b) S = f(a/p)
(c) S = f(Q)
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (a) S = f(P)
Question 57.
Following figure shows :
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply
(b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply
(c) Elastic Supply
(d) Inelastic Supply
Answer
Answer: (a) Perfectly Elastic Supply
Question 58.
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply es = ∞
(b) High Elastic Supply es > 1
(c) Perfectly Inelastic Supply es = 0
(d) All the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above
Question 59.
es = 0 means that elasticity of supply is:
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply
(b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply
(c) Less Elastic Supply
(d) Unit Elastic Supply
Answer
Answer: (b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply
Question 60.
If the price of goods rises by 60% but supply increases by only 5%, the supply of goods will be:
(a) Highly Elastic
(b) Elastic
(c) Inelastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic
Answer
Answer: (c) Inelastic
Question 61.
The elasticity of a straight line supply curve originating from the centre of origin is:
(a) Less than unity,
(b) greater than unity
(c) equal to unity
(d) equal to zero
Answer
Answer: (c) equal to unity
Question 62.
When supply increases more with a result of small increase in price, the nature of supply will be :
(a) Elastic
(b) Inelastic
(c) Perfectly Elastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic
Answer
Answer: (a) Elastic
Question 63.
When the proportionate change in the supply of goods is more than the proportionate change in its price, the elasticity of supply will be:
(a) Less than Unit
(b) Equal to Unit
(c) Greater than Unit
(d) Infinite
Answer
Answer: (c) Greater than Unit
Question 64.
If the price of the goods rises by 60% and supply increases by only 5%, the supply of goods will be :
(a) Highly Elastic
(b) Elastic
(c) Inelastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic
Answer
Answer: (c) Inelastic
Question 65.
The measurement of the elasticity of supply is expressed as:
(a) \(\frac { ΔQ_s/Q_s }{ ΔP/P }\)
(b) \(\frac { Q_s }{ ΔP }\).\(\frac { 1 }{ P }\)
(c) \(\frac { Q_s }{ Q_s }\).ΔY
(d) \(\frac { ΔP }{ Q_s }\).\(\frac { P }{ ΔQ_s }\)
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac { ΔQ_s/Q_s }{ ΔP/P }\)
Question 66.
There are factors of productions:
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five
Answer
Answer: (d) Five
Question 67.
Fixed cost is also known as:
(a) Variable cost
(b) Actual cost
(c) Supplementary cost
(d) Short-term cost
Answer
Answer: (c) Supplementary cost
Question 68.
Supply falls on the same price when:
(a) Where there is decrease in supply
(b) When there is contraction in supply
(c) When supply increases
(d) When there is expansion in supply.
Answer
Answer: (a) Where there is decrease in supply
Question 69.
Active factor of production:
(a) Capital
(b) Labour
(c) Land
(d) None of these.
Answer
Answer: (b) Labour
Question 70.
In the short-run following factors are included in the process of production:
(a) Fixed factors
(b) Variable factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer
Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)
Fill in the blanks:
1. Short-term production function is known as ……………
Answer
Answer: Law of variable proportion
2. Returns to scale is related to ……………
Answer
Answer: Long term
3. Cost incurred in per unit production is ……………
Answer
Answer: Average cost
4. Increase in income from a unit of production is called ……………
Answer
Answer: Marginal cost
5. A producer is in the state of equilibrium when he earns ……………
Answer
Answer: Profit
6. Law of supply shows …………… relation between price and supply.
Answer
Answer: Direct
7. The elasticity of supply for milk and related good is ……………
Answer
Answer: Elastic.
State true or false:
1. Rent theory of Ricardo is based on the law of Diminishing returns.
Answer
Answer: True
2. Law of decreasing returns to scale arises due to Non-divisibility.
Answer
Answer: False
3. Fixed cost is also known as supplementary cost.
Answer
Answer: True
4. In case of perfect competition, a firm attains maximum satisfaction when MC curve cut MR curve.
Answer
Answer: False
5. There is inverse relation between price and supply.
Answer
Answer: False
6. The supply of perishable goods is inelastic.
Answer
Answer: True
7. There are four laws of production.
Answer
Answer: False.
Match the following:
| ‘A” |
‘B’ |
| 1. Causes for the operation of the law of diminishing returns |
(a) Firms’s equilibrium |
| 2. Long term process |
(b) Imperfect substitute of factors of production |
| 3. Marginal Revenue = Average Revenue. |
(c) Returns to scale |
| 4. Elasticity of supply |
(d) es = 1. |
| 5. Elastic supply |
(e) Proportionate change in supply proportionate change in price. |
Answer
Answer:
| ‘A” |
‘B’ |
| 1. Causes for the operation of the law of diminishing returns |
(b) Imperfect substitute of factors of production |
| 2. Long term process |
(c) Returns to scale |
| 3. Marginal Revenue = Average Revenue. |
(a) Firms’s equilibrium |
| 4. Elasticity of supply |
(e) Proportionate change in supply proportionate change in price. |
| 5. Elastic supply |
(d) es = 1. |
