MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production and Costs with Answers

Production and Costs Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.
In production function, production is a function of:
(a) Price
(b) Factors of Production
(c) Total Expenditure
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Factors of Production


Question 2.
The basic reason of operating the Law of Diminishing Returns is:
(a) Scarcity of Factors
(b) Imperfect Substitution between Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 3.
Which of the following explains the short-run production function ?
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Law of Variable Proportion
(c) Returns to Scale
(d) Elasticity of Demand

Answer

Answer: (b) Law of Variable Proportion


Question 4.
Long-run production function is related to:
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Law of Increasing Returns
(c) Laws of Returns to Scale
(d) Elasticity of Demand

Answer

Answer: (c) Laws of Returns to Scale


Question 5.
In which stage of production a rational producer likes to operate in shot-run production ?
(a) First Stage
(b) Second Stage
(c) Third Stage
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Second Stage


Question 6.
Law of variable proportion explains three stages of production. In the first stage of production:
(a) Both MP and AP rise
(b) MP rises
(c) AP Falls
(d) MP is zero

Answer

Answer: (a) Both MP and AP rise


Question 7.
At which time all the factors of production may be changed ?
(a) Short run
(b) Long run
(c) Very Long run
(d) All the three

Answer

Answer: (b) Long run


Question 8.
Production function is expressed as:
(a) Qx = Px
(b) Qx = f(A, B, C, D)
(c) Qx = Dx
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Qx = f(A, B, C, D)


Question 9.
Which factors among following we find in short-run production process ?
(a) Fixed Factors
(b) Variable Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 10.
The cycle which increases first and after being constant starts to reduce is called :
(a) APP
(b) MPP
(c) TPP
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these


Question 11.
Which of the following is a saurce of production ?
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Capital
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these


Question 12.
Law of variable proportion is related to :
(a) Both short-run and long run
(b) Long-run
(c) Short-run
(d) Very Long-run

Answer

Answer: (c) Short-run


Question 13.
An active factor of production is:
(a) Capital
(b) Labour
(c) Land
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Labour


Question 14.
If all the factors of production are increased by same proportion and as a result output increases by a greater proportion than it is called :
(a) Constant returns to scale
(b) Decreasing returns to scale
(d) All of these
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these


Question 15.
Which of the following is included in money cost ?
(a) Normal Profit
(b) Explicit Cost
(c) Implicit Cost
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these


Question 16.
Which of the following is not fixed cost ?
(a) Insurance Premium
(b) Interest
(c) Cost of Raw Material
(d) Rent of the Factory

Answer

Answer: (c) Cost of Raw Material


Question 17.
With the increase in production the difference between total cost and total fixed cost:
(a) Remains Constant
(b) Increases
(c) Decreases
(d) Both Increases or Decreases

Answer

Answer: (b) Increases


Question 18.
Changes in production quantity affect:
(a) Both Fixed and Variable Cost
(b) Only Variable Cost
(c) Only Fixed Cost
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (b) Only Variable Cost


Question 19.
What happens when production is shut down ?
(a) Fixed Cost Increases
(b) Variable Costs Decline
(c) Variable Costs become zero
(d) Fixed Costs become zero

Answer

Answer: (c) Variable Costs become zero


Question 20.
The alternative name of opportunity cost is:
(a) Economic Cost
(b) Equilibrium Price
(c) Marginal Cost
(d) Average Cost

Answer

Answer: (a) Economic Cost


Question 21.
When average cost is decreasing what status marginal cost has as compared to average cost ?
(a) MC > AC
(b) MC = AC
(c) MC ≤ AC
(d) MC ≠ AC

Answer

Answer: (c) MC ≤ AC


Question 22.
Which statement of the following is true ?
(a) AC=TFC – TVC
(b) AC = AFC + TVC
(c) AC=TFC + AVC
(d) AC = AFC + AVC

Answer

Answer: (d) AC = AFC + AVC


Question 23.
What is an opportunity cost ?
(a) The alternative foregon
(b) The opportunity lost
(c) Transfer earnings
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer: (d) All of these


Question 24.
The shape of average cost curve is :
(a) U-shaped
(b) Reactangular Hyperbola shaped
(c) Line parallel to x-axis
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) U-shaped


Question 25.
The average fixed cost at 5 units of output is Rs. 20. Average variable cost at 5 units of output is Rs. 40. Average cost of producing 5 units is:
(a) Rs. 20
(b) Rs. 40
(c) Rs.56
(d) Rs.60

Answer

Answer: (d) Rs.60


Question 26.
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) TVC = TC – TFC
(b) TC = TVC-TFC
(c) TFC = TVC + TC
(d) TC = TVC x TFC

Answer

Answer: (a) TVC = TC – TFC


Question 27.
Average variable costs can be defined as:
(a) TVC x Q
(b) TVC + Q
(c) TVC-Q
(d) TVC ÷ Q

Answer

Answer: (d) TVC ÷ Q


Question 28.
With increase in output, the difference between total cost and total variable cost:
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) Remains Constant
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Remains Constant


Question 29.
Which factors are used in short-run production process ?
(a) Fixed Factors
(b) Variable Factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 30.
Following figure shows:
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production and Costs with Answers 1
(a) Total Fixed Cost
(b) Total Variable Cost
(c) Total Cost
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) Total Variable Cost


Question 31.
In which market MR may become zero or negative ?
(a) Monopoly
(b) Monopolistic Competition
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Perfect Competition

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 32.
In which market AR = MR ?
(a) Monopoly
(b) Monopolistic Competition
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Perfect Competition

Answer

Answer: (d) Perfect Competition


Question 33.
In monopoly and monopolistic competition :
(a) AR = MR
(b) AR > MR
(c) AR < MR
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (b) AR > MR


Question 34.
To which market, following figure belongs ?
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production and Costs with Answers 2
(a) Perfect Competition
(b) Monopoly
(c) Monopolistic Competition
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (b) Monopoly


Question 35.
With which condition, firm will get maximum profit ?
(a) Where MR = MC
(b) Where MC cuts MR from below
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 36.
In perfect competition, which of the following remains constant ?
(a) AR
(b) MR
(c) Both AR and MR
(d) None of the both

Answer

Answer: (c) Both AR and MR


Question 37.
In perfect competition:
(a) AR = MR
(b) AR > MR
(c) MR < MC
(d) MR = MC = 0

Answer

Answer: (a) MR = MC


Question 38.
When 5 units of a goods are sold, total revenue is Rs. 100. When 6 units are sold, marginal revenue is Rs. 8. At what price are 6 units sold ?
(a) Rs. 28 per unit
(b) Rs. 20 per unit
(c) Rs. 18 per unit
(d) Rs. 12 per unit

Answer

Answer: (c) Rs. 18 per unit


Question 39.
MR is shown as:
(a) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)
(b) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)
(c) \(\frac { ΔAR }{ Q }\)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)


Question 40.
AR is shown as:
(a) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)
(b) \(\frac { ΔQ }{ P }\)
(c) \(\frac { ΔTR }{ ΔQ }\)
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer: (a) \(\frac { TR }{ Q }\)


Question 41.
In which market AR curve is parallel to X-axis ?
(a) Perfect Competition
(b) Monopoly
(c) Monopolistic Competition
(d) In all the above

Answer

Answer: (a) Perfect Competition


Question 42.
Which of the following is a true statement ?
(a) AR indicates price
(b) AR Curve and Demand Curve are the same
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 43.
The basic condition of firm’s equilibrium is:
(a) MC = MR
(b) MR = TR
(c) MR = AR
(d) AC = AR

Answer

Answer: (a) MC = MR


Question 44.
In final equilibrium of firm:
(a) MC cuts MR from above
(b) MC cuts MR from below
(c) Both (a) and (b) are
(d) None of the above is true

Answer

Answer: (b) MC cuts MR from below


Question 45.
For every market, which condition has to be fulfilled for firm’s equilibrium ?
(a) AR = MC
(b) MR = MC
(c) MC should cut MR from below
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Answer

Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)


Question 46.
Which is a method of producer’s equilibrium ?
(a) TR and TC Method
(b) MR and MC Method
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 47.
For a firm’s equilibrium:
(a) MR = MC
(b) MR > MC
(c) MR < MC
(d) MR = MC = 0

Answer

Answer: (a) MR = MC


Question 48.
On which assumption, the law of supply depends ?
(a) There should be no change in income levels of buyers and sellers in the market.
(b) Prices of factors of production remain stable
(c) Technological level remains constant
(d) All the above

Answer

Answer: (d) All the above


Question 49.
If other things being same, what does the positive relationship between price and supply quantity signify ?
(a) Law of Demand
(b) Elasticity of Supply
(c) Law of Supply
(d) Supply Function

Answer

Answer: (c) Law of Supply


Question 50.
The reason of decrease in supply is:
(a) Increase in Production Cost
(b) Increase in Price of Substitutes
(c) Fall in number of Firms in the Industry
(d) All the above

Answer

Answer: (d) All the above


Question 51.
The figure given below shows:
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production and Costs with Answers 3
(a) Extension in Supply
(b) Contraction in Supply
(c) Elasticity of supply
(d) Elasticity of demand

Answer

Answer: (a) Extension in Supply


Question 52.
The quantity of a goods which the seller is ready to sell in the market at fixed price and time is called ?
(a) Supply
(b) Demand
(c) Elasticity of supply
(d) Elasticity of Demand

Answer

Answer: (a) Supply


Question 53.
Supply is associated with:
(a) A Time Period
(b) Price
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Question 54.
Determinating factor of supply of goods is:
(a) Price of Goods
(b) Price of Related Goods
(c) Price of Factor of Production
(d) All the above

Answer

Answer: (d) All the above


Question 55.
Which of the following statement is true ?
(a) Price and quantity have direct relationship
(b) Supply curve rises from left to right
(c) Supply is affected by many factors
(d) All the above

Answer

Answer: (d) All the above


Question 56.
Which of the following function shows the laws of supply ?
(a) S = f(P)
(b) S = f(a/p)
(c) S = f(Q)
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer: (a) S = f(P)


Question 57.
Following figure shows :
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production and Costs with Answers 4
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply
(b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply
(c) Elastic Supply
(d) Inelastic Supply

Answer

Answer: (a) Perfectly Elastic Supply


Question 58.
Which of the following is correct ?
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply es = ∞
(b) High Elastic Supply es > 1
(c) Perfectly Inelastic Supply es = 0
(d) All the above

Answer

Answer: (d) All the above


Question 59.
es = 0 means that elasticity of supply is:
(a) Perfectly Elastic Supply
(b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply
(c) Less Elastic Supply
(d) Unit Elastic Supply

Answer

Answer: (b) Perfectly Inelastic Supply


Question 60.
If the price of goods rises by 60% but supply increases by only 5%, the supply of goods will be:
(a) Highly Elastic
(b) Elastic
(c) Inelastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic

Answer

Answer: (c) Inelastic


Question 61.
The elasticity of a straight line supply curve originating from the centre of origin is:
(a) Less than unity,
(b) greater than unity
(c) equal to unity
(d) equal to zero

Answer

Answer: (c) equal to unity


Question 62.
When supply increases more with a result of small increase in price, the nature of supply will be :
(a) Elastic
(b) Inelastic
(c) Perfectly Elastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic

Answer

Answer: (a) Elastic


Question 63.
When the proportionate change in the supply of goods is more than the proportionate change in its price, the elasticity of supply will be:
(a) Less than Unit
(b) Equal to Unit
(c) Greater than Unit
(d) Infinite

Answer

Answer: (c) Greater than Unit


Question 64.
If the price of the goods rises by 60% and supply increases by only 5%, the supply of goods will be :
(a) Highly Elastic
(b) Elastic
(c) Inelastic
(d) Perfectly Inelastic

Answer

Answer: (c) Inelastic


Question 65.
The measurement of the elasticity of supply is expressed as:
(a) \(\frac { ΔQ_s/Q_s }{ ΔP/P }\)
(b) \(\frac { Q_s }{ ΔP }\).\(\frac { 1 }{ P }\)
(c) \(\frac { Q_s }{ Q_s }\).ΔY
(d) \(\frac { ΔP }{ Q_s }\).\(\frac { P }{ ΔQ_s }\)

Answer

Answer: (a) \(\frac { ΔQ_s/Q_s }{ ΔP/P }\)


Question 66.
There are factors of productions:
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five

Answer

Answer: (d) Five


Question 67.
Fixed cost is also known as:
(a) Variable cost
(b) Actual cost
(c) Supplementary cost
(d) Short-term cost

Answer

Answer: (c) Supplementary cost


Question 68.
Supply falls on the same price when:
(a) Where there is decrease in supply
(b) When there is contraction in supply
(c) When supply increases
(d) When there is expansion in supply.

Answer

Answer: (a) Where there is decrease in supply


Question 69.
Active factor of production:
(a) Capital
(b) Labour
(c) Land
(d) None of these.

Answer

Answer: (b) Labour


Question 70.
In the short-run following factors are included in the process of production:
(a) Fixed factors
(b) Variable factors
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.

Answer

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)


Fill in the blanks:

1. Short-term production function is known as ……………

Answer

Answer: Law of variable proportion


2. Returns to scale is related to ……………

Answer

Answer: Long term


3. Cost incurred in per unit production is ……………

Answer

Answer: Average cost


4. Increase in income from a unit of production is called ……………

Answer

Answer: Marginal cost


5. A producer is in the state of equilibrium when he earns ……………

Answer

Answer: Profit


6. Law of supply shows …………… relation between price and supply.

Answer

Answer: Direct


7. The elasticity of supply for milk and related good is ……………

Answer

Answer: Elastic.


State true or false:

1. Rent theory of Ricardo is based on the law of Diminishing returns.

Answer

Answer: True


2. Law of decreasing returns to scale arises due to Non-divisibility.

Answer

Answer: False


3. Fixed cost is also known as supplementary cost.

Answer

Answer: True


4. In case of perfect competition, a firm attains maximum satisfaction when MC curve cut MR curve.

Answer

Answer: False


5. There is inverse relation between price and supply.

Answer

Answer: False


6. The supply of perishable goods is inelastic.

Answer

Answer: True


7. There are four laws of production.

Answer

Answer: False.


Match the following:

‘A” ‘B’
1. Causes for the operation of the law of diminishing returns (a) Firms’s equilibrium
2. Long term process (b) Imperfect substitute of factors of production
3. Marginal Revenue = Average Revenue. (c) Returns to scale
4. Elasticity of supply (d) es = 1.
5. Elastic supply (e) Proportionate change in supply proportionate change in price.
Answer

Answer:

‘A” ‘B’
1. Causes for the operation of the law of diminishing returns (b) Imperfect substitute of factors of production
2. Long term process (c) Returns to scale
3. Marginal Revenue = Average Revenue. (a) Firms’s equilibrium
4. Elasticity of supply (e) Proportionate change in supply proportionate change in price.
5. Elastic supply (d) es = 1.

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