Free PDF Download of CBSE Biology Multiple Choice Questions for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease. Biology MCQs for Class 12 Chapter Wise with Answers PDF Download was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Students can solve NCERT Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease MCQs Pdf with Answers to know their preparation level.
Human Health and Disease Class 12 Biology MCQs Pdf
1. In the immune system, interferons are a part of
(a) physiological barriers
(b) cellular barriers
(c) physical barriers
(d) cytokine barriers.
Answer
Answer: d
2. The letter T in T-lymphocytes refers to
(a) tonsil
(b) thalamus
(c) thymus
(d) thyroid
Answer
Answer: c
3. Use of anti-histamines and steroids gives a quick relief from
(a) allergy
(b) nausea
(c) cough
(d) fever
Answer
Answer: a
4. The immunoglobulin abundant in colostrum, is
(a) Ig D
(b) Ig A
(c) Ig G
(d) Ig M
Answer
Answer: b
5. Diacetyl morphine is commonly known as
(a) cocaine
(b) hashish
(c) ganja
(d) heroin
Answer
Answer: d
6. Opium is extracted from
(a) Atropa belladona
(b) Papaver somniferum
(c) Erythroxylum coca
(d) Cannabis sativa
Answer
Answer: b
7. The disease chikungunya is transmitted by
[NCERT Exemplar]
(a) houseflies
(b) Aedes mosquitoes
(c) cockroach
(d) female Anopheles
Answer
Answer: b
8. Anti venom against snake poison contains [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) antigens
(b) antigen-antibody complexes
(c) antibodies
(d) enzymes
Answer
Answer: c
9. Which of the following glands is large sized at birth but reducies in size with aging? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Pineal
(b) Pituitary
(c) Thymus
(d) Thyroid
Answer
Answer: c
10. The substance produced by a cell on viral infection that can protect other cells from further infection is [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) serotonin
(b) colostrum
(c) interferon
(d) histamine
Answer
Answer: c
11. Many diseases can be diagnosed by observing the symptoms in the patient. Which group of symptoms are indicative of pneumonia? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Difficulty in respiration, fever, chills, cough, headache
(b) Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps, blood clots
(c) Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sorethroat, headache
(d) High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation
Answer
Answer: a
12. Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections? [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) auto-immune response
(b) humoral immune response
(c) physiological immune response
(d) cell-mediated immune response
Answer
Answer: d
13. ______ mosquitoes are the vectors of dengue and chikungunya.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Aedes.
14. ______ barriers protect the non-infected cells from further viral infections.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Cytokine.
15. Cell-mediated immunity is provided by ______ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: T-cells.
16. Among non-infectious diseases, ______ is the major cause of death.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Cancer.
17. ______ test is performed to confirm typhoid.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Widal.
18. Plasmodium enters the human body as ______ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Sporozoite.
19. ______ is the toxin released by the rupture of RBCs into the blood in a malaria- infected person.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Hemocoin.
20. _____ is the filarial worm.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Wuchereria.
21. ______ are the physical, chemical and biological agents that cause cancer.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Carcinogens.
22. Heroin is obtained by _______ of morphine.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Acetylation.
23. Match the organisms (Pathogens) in Column I with the diseases they cause in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Rhino vims | 1. Ringworm |
| B. Plasmodium | 2. Filariasis |
| C. Salmonella | 3. Common cold |
| D. Trichophyton | 4. Typhoid |
| E. Wuchereria | 5. Malaria |
| 6. Amoebiasis |
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: A – 3, B – 5, C – 4, D-1, E – 2
24. Match the items in Column I with those in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| A. Physiological barrier | 1. Interferons |
| B. Cytokine barrier | 2. Skin of the body |
| C. Cellular barrier | 3. Tear in the eyes |
| D. Physical barrier | 4. Antibodies in colostrum |
| 5. Polymorpho-nuclear leucocyte |
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: A – 3, B – 1, C – 5, D – 2
25. Humoral immunity is responsible for rejection of organ transplants. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: False
26. a-interferon activates the immune system and help to destroy the tumour cells. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: True
27. Cannabinoids affect the digestive system. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: False
28. Nicotine, the alkaloid in tobacco causes the hallucinogenic effect. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: False
29. Colostrum contains antibody IgA and provides passive immunity. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: True
Directions (Q30 to Q33): Mark the odd one in each of the following groups.
30. Saliva in the mouth, Mucus coating in respiratory tract, Tear in the eyes, Acid in the stomach.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Mucus coating in respiratory tract
31. Thymus, spleen, appendix, tonsil.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Thymus
32. Charas, Heroin, Marijuana, Hashish.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Heroin
33. Typhoid, Pneumonia, Diphtheria, Malaria.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Malaria
34. Who discovered blood circulation in humans?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: William Harvey discovered blood circulation in humans.
35. Name one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is the major cause of mortality.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– Infectious disease – AIDS.
– Non-infectious disease – Cancer.
36. High fever, loss of appetite, stomach pain and constipation are some of the symptoms seen in a patient. How would the doctor confirm that the patient is suffering from typhoid and not amoebiasis?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: It would be confirmed by Widal test.
37. Name one respiratory disease that infects the lung alveoli and one that does not infect the lungs.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– Pneumonia infects lung alveoli.
– Common cold does not infect the lungs.
38. Name two diseases that spread by droplet infection.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Common cold and pneumonia.
39. Name two diseases whose spread can be controlled by the eradication of Aedes mosquitoes. [CBSE 2918]
Or
Name two viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquito.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Dengue and chikungunya.
40. Name the stage of Plasmodium that gains entry into the human, when bitten by an infected female Anopheles. [Delhi 2017C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Sporozoite is the stage.
41. Trace the route of Sporozoite at Plasmodium, when it enters the human body through the bite of female Anopheles, till its entry into RBCs. [Delhi 2017C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Into human blood → Liver cells → blood → RBCs.
42. Name the host where fertilisation occurs in the life cycle of Plasmodium [Delhi 2017C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Anopheles mosquito.
43. How does malaria differ from chikungunya with reference to their vectors? [All India 2010C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– Anopheles mosquito is the vector of malaria.
– Aedes mosquito is the vector of chikungunya.
44. Malaria, typhoid, pneumonia and amoebiasis are some of the human infectious diseases. Which ones of these are transmitted through mechanical carriers? [Foreign 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Amoebiasis, typhoid.
45. How does haemozoin affect the human body, when released in blood during malarial infection? [Foreign 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Haemozoin causes the chill and high fever recurring at periodic intervals (of 3-4 days).
46. Why is Gamhusia introduced into drains and ponds? [AH India 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Gambusia feeds on the mosquito larvae and thereby helps in eliminating the mosquito vectors of the diseases like Malaria, Chikungunya, dengue, etc.
47. What causes swelling of the lower limbs in patients suffering from filariasis?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: The filarial worms live for many years in the lymphatic vessels of lower limbs and cause inflammation and swelling there.
48. What role do macrophages play in providing immunity to humans?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Macrophages phagocytose and destroy the microbes (pathogens) and provide protection from diseases.
49. How do monocytes act as a cellular barrier in humans to provide innate immunity? [CBSE 2018 C]
Or
In what way is monocyte a cellular barrier w’ith reference to immunity? [Delhi 2015 C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Monocytes are phagocytic and destroy the pathogenic microbes.
50. How do neutrophils act as a cellular barrier to pathogens in humans?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Neutrophils phagocytose and destroy the microbes (pathogens).
51. How do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans? [CBSE 2018]
Or
How do cytokine barriers help in evading viral infections? [Delhi 2015 C]
Or
How do interferons protect us? [AH India 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Cytokine barriers, i.e. interferons are produced by the body cells in response to viral infection and protect the other non- infected cells from viral infection.
52. Name any two secretions in the body that act as ‘physiological barriers’ of innate immunity.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Saliva in the mouth, acid in thestomach and tears from eyes. (any two)
53. Name the kind of barrier of innate immunity, where some cells secrete interferons when infected. [All India 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Cytokine barrier.
54. When does a human body elicit an anamnestic response? [AH India 2013]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: When a human body encounters a pathogen for the second time, it elicits an anamnestic response.
55. Why does a human being elicit an anamnestic response? [Delhi 2011C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Ahuman body elicits an anamnestic response Because our immune system appears to have memory of the first encounter with the same pathogen.
56. Suggest a method to ensure anamnestic response in humans. [Delhi 2017]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Giving a booster dose of the vaccine can induce an anamnestic response.
57. Why is secondary immune response more intense than the primary immune response in humans? [All India 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Because body appears to have memory of the first encounter (in the form of memory B cells and memory T cells).
58. Why is the antibody-mediated immunity called humoral immunity? [HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Antibodies are the glycoproteins that keep circulating in the body fluids (humors); hence, it is called humoral immunity.
59. Thymus of a new-born child was degenerating right from birth due to a genetic disorder. Predict its two impacts on the health of the child. [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– The number of T-lymphocytes will decrease and hence, the immune system will become weak.
– The child will become prone to any infection, which normally could be overcome.
60. Give two examples of passive immunity.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
(i) The immunity provided by colostrum to the new-born.
(ii) The immunity provided to the foetus by the antibodies that pass through placenta from the mother.
(iii) Immunity provided against rabies and tetanus through inoculation.
61. Which category of adaptive immunity is provided by vaccination? Why? [HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Active Immunity. It is called so because the antibodies are developed by the vaccinated person’s own cells in response to the antigens.
62. What is it that prevents a child to suffer from a disease he/she is vaccinated against? Give one reason. [Delhi 2010; HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– His body develops antibodies that circulate in the body fluids and neutralise the pathogenic agent during subsequent encounters.
– Memory B cells and memory T cells are retained in the system.
63. State the function of mast cells in allergy response. [Foreign 2013]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Mast cells release chemicals like serotonin and hlitaminc, which cause allergy.
64. Why do pollen grains of some flowers trigger ‘sneezing’ in some people? [Foreign 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Pollen grains are allergens and cause allergic reactions in some people by causing release of histamine and serotonin from the mast cells.
65. Name the condition in vertebrates, where the body attacks self-cells. [All India 2017C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Autoimmunity.
66. Name the category of disease in which ’ ‘Rheumatoid arthritis’ in human, put under. [All India 2017 C]
Or
Name the category of the disease, rheumatoid arthritis. [Foreign 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Autoimmune disease.
67. What is an autoimmune disease? [All India 2017C]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: An autoimmune disease is the one caused when the immune system of the body goes off the track and attacks ‘self’ cells.
68. What would happen to the immune system, if thymus gland is removed from the body of a person?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
– Thymus is a primary lymphoid organ.
– If that is removed, T-lymphocytes cannot differentiate and their number decreases; so the immune system becomes weak and the person is prone to any infection.
69. Where are mucosal associated lymphoid tissues present in the human body and why?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues are present within the lining of the respiratory, digestive and urinogenital tracts; they con-stitute about 50 per cent of the lymphoid tissue.
70. Name the two types of cells in which HIV multiplies, after gaining entry into the human body.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Macrophages and Helper T-lymphocytes.
71. Retroviruses have no DNA. However, the DNA of the infected host cell does possess viral DNA. How is it possible? [All India 2015; HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Retroviruses carry out reverse transcription (formation of DNA on RNA template) as they possess the enzyme, reverse transcrip-tase; the DNA is integrated with host DNA.
72. Why is sharing of injection needles between two individuals not recommended? [Delhi 2013]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: It is to prevent the spread of HIV or hepatitis B through contaminated needles.
73. Why does an AIDS patient suffer from many other infections? [HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Due to reduction in the number of helper T-cells, the immune system of the person is weak and he suffers from infections that otherwise could have been overcome.
74. What are protooncogenes?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Protooncogenes are the genes in normal cells, which when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic trans-formation of the cells.
75. Indiscriminate diagnostic practices using X-rays, etc. should be avoided. Give one reason. [Delhi 2015]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: X-rays are ionising radiations and can prove to be carcinogenic, i.e. cancer-causing.
76. Mention the useful as well as the harmful drug obtained from the latex of poppy plant. [Foreign 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Morphine.
77. Write the chemical structure of morphine.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
78. What is heroin chemically?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Diacetylmorphine.
79. What is meant by drug abuse?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: When drugs are taken for a purpose other than their normal clinical use and in amounts/concentrations or frequency that impair one’s physical, physiological and psychological functions, it constitutes drug abuse.
80. Write the structural formula of a cannabinoid molecule.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
81. (a) Where are cannabinoid receptors present in a human body?
(b) Name the body system affected by cannabinoids.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination:
(a) Cannabinoid receptors are present in the brain.
(b) They affect the cardiovascular system.
82. Name two plants other than coca plant that have hallucinogenic properties.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Atropa belladona and Datura.
83. How does smoking tobacco in human lead to oxygen deficiency in their body? [Delhi 2012]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Smoking increases the carbon monoxide content of the blood, which reduces the concentration of haem bound oxygen; hence there is oxygen deficiency in their body.
84. Define adolescence.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: Adolescence refers to the period and process of rapid growth and physical and mental development (attitudes and beliefs) from childhood to adulthood.
85. Why do the doses of drugs keep on increasing or lead to greater intake and addiction? [HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explaination: It is because the tolerance level of the receptors in our body increases; they start responding to higher doses only and hence there is greater intake.
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