Kishen

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Initially, the capital was Rajagriha. Later, it was shifted to Pataliputra, near the present-day Patna in India. The founder of this dynasty was Bimbisara himself. According to the Buddhist text, the Mahavamsa, Bimbisara was anointed king by his father at the age of fifteen.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Kakori Conspiracy (or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The robbery was organised by Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Hindu Land Holders. The Malabar rebellion (also known as the Moplah rebellion and Māppila Lahaḷa in Malayalam) was an armed uprising in 1921 against British authority in the Malabar region of Southern India by Mappilas and the culmination of a series of Mappila revolts that recurred throughout the 19th century and early 20th century.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919 , popularly known as the Rowlatt Act or Black Act, was a legislative act passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in Delhi on 10 March 1919, indefinitely extending the emergency measures of preventive indefinite detention, incarceration without trial and judicial review enacted in the Defence of India Act 1915 during the First World War.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a Satyagraha movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi. It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement. It was the third Satyagraha movement after Champaran Satyagraha and Ahmedabad mill strike. Gandhi organised this movement to support peasants of the Kheda district. People of Kheda were unable to pay the high taxes levied by the British due to crop failure and a plague epidemic.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Babar and Jahangir were two of the great Mughals wrote their own memories.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Question of promotion and pay was the major cause of discontent among soldiers before the revolt of 1857.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lala Lajpat Rai was born on 28 January 1865 in Dhudike (now Moga district) of Punjab. He was popularly known as Punjab Kesari meaning The Lion of Punjab also known as Sher-E- Punjab in Punjabi for his contribution to the freedom movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back, on an elaborate base that includes other animals. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the official Emblem of India in 1950. It was originally placed on the top of the Ashoka pillar at the important Buddhist site of Sarnath by the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE. The pillar, sometimes called the Aśoka Column, is still in its original location, but the Lion Capital is now in the Sarnath Museum, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The use of spinning wheel (Charkha) became common during the 14th Century AD.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bangadarshan was a Bengali literary magazine, founded by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1872, and resuscitated in 1901 under the editorship of Rabindranath Tagore. The magazine had a defining influence on the emergence of a Bengali identity and the genesis of nationalism in Bengal.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Gopal Krishna Gokhale said about the British Government these words – “You do not realize how strong the government is if the congress challenges the government the government would finish it in five minutes”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Aurobindo Ghose was born in India on 15th August 1872. At a young age, he was sent to England to be educated at St Paul’s. Sri Aurobindo was an excellent student and won a scholarship to read classics at King’s College Cambridge.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Doctrine of Passive Resistance was published in the daily Vande Mataram in April 1907 by Sri Aurobindo Ghosh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The language discourses of Gautam Buddha was Pali.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : There were widespread risings against the British in the 1820s. Santhals did not revolt in the 1820s.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Aurobindo Ghosh said – “freedom is objective of our life and the Hindu religion would led us to the attainment of this objective”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ahmadullah Shah (1787 – 5 June 1858) famous as Maulavi of Faizabad, was a leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was known as the Lighthouse of Rebellion in Awadh region.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dr. S.Gopal said “Curzon’s partition of Bengal gave unwitting initiative to events of such magnitude which returned many years later to port with the cargo of freedom”.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : 1893.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Two Brothers- Damodar and Balkrishna Chapekar began the process of revolutionary activities in India. They formed the ‘Hindu Dharma Sangrakshini Sabha’ in 1893 and started celebrating the birthday of Shivaji and Ganesh Utsavs.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Vande Matram was a series of articles published in the year 1907 by Sri Auronbindo Ghosh.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Rabindranath Tagore called Subhash Chandra Bose as Desh Nayak.

Answer: Option E
Explanation : Dhaka Anushilan Samiti was a branch of the Anushilan Samiti founded in the city of Dhaka in November 1905. Initially a group of eighty under the leadership of Pulin Behari Das, it “spread like wildfire” throughout the province of East Bengal. More than 500 branches were opened, linked by a “close and detailed organization” to Palin’s headquarters at Dhaka. It absorbed smaller groups in the province and soon overshadowed its parent organization in Calcutta. Source : wikipedia.org

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Swami Vivekananda represented India and Hinduism at the Parliament of the World’s Religions (1893). This was the first World’s Parliament of Religions and it was held from 11 to 27 September 1893.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Sambhu Charan Mukherjee were associated with Indian league established in 1875 in Calcutta.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Reform Association faction on July 26, 1876 established a Bharat Sabha with Bengali leaders like Surendranath Banerjee, Sivanath Sastri, Ananda Mohan Bose etc. and held its first annual conference in Calcutta. Initially under Sen it was pro-Crown.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In 1925, Naidu presided over the annual session of Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur). In 1929, she presided over East African Indian Congress in South Africa. She was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British government for her work during the plague epidemic in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the year 1918 father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi along with Anasuya Sarabhai and Shankerlal Banker founded the Ahmadabad textile labour association.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the war. Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru. Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates of the Gandhi’s Ashram.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru called Government India Act 1935 a Charter of Slavery.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement. The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On 11 March 1942, Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced that Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the British Cabinet, would be sent to India from 22 March to 11 April to work out a formula for India’s participation in the war and partial transfer of power acceptable to all three, the Hindu and Muslim parties in India as well as the British forces. His negotiating mandate was the “Draft Declaration”, a document on which the War Cabinet had agreed after along discussion laying out a middle ground acceptable to the British, including self-government after the war.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : When Japan handed over Andaman Nicobar islands to Subhash Chandra Bose in Nov. 1943, he named these islands as Shaheed Island and Swaraj Island respectively.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Subhash Chandra Bose became the Supreme Commander of Indian National Army in 1943. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January in 1897. He was an Indian nationalist who form the Indian National Army to fight against British Government.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Wavell Plan- essentially dealing with Indian demand of self-rule and reconstitution of Viceroy’s Council was put forth by Lord Wavell in 1945.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : August Offer of 1940. Roy, a pioneer of the Communist movement in India and an advocate of radical democracy. It became an official demand of the Indian National Congress in 1935, C. Rajagopalachari voiced the demand for a Constituent Assembly on 15 November 1939 based on adult franchise, and was accepted by the British in August 1940.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On June 3, 1947, immediately after his return to India, Lord mountbatten announced his plan for solving the ‘present impasse’. Before the plan was publicized, Lord Mountbattan had obtained the consent of the Congress and Sikh leaders and also of Mr. M.A. Jinnah.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Linlithgow took his office on 18 April 1936 and leave on October 1, 1943. Cripps Mission visited India and Quit India resolution was passed in his tenure.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Indian Councils Act 1861. An Act to make better Provision for the Constitution of the Council of the Governor General of India, and for the Local Government of the several Presidencies and Provinces of India, and for the temporary Government of India in the event of a Vacancy in the Office of Governor General.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Annie Besant started the Home Rule League in September, 1916, and Tilak started it in April 1916. Tilak’s movement was confined to Maharashtra and Karnataka. And Annie Besant movement spread to other parts of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government. It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Poona, India and was signed by Mahatma Gandhi, B.R Ambedkar and some other leaders as a means to end the fast that Gandhi was undertaking in jail as a protest against the decision by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India. They finally agreed upon 148 electoral seats.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India act 1919 was passed on the basis of recommendations of Lord Chelmsford and Samuel Montagu to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. This act covered 10 years from 1919 to 1929.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Karachi session was presided by Sardar Patel. The congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy which represented the Party’s Social, Economic and Political programme. It was later known as Karachi Resolution.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The congress nationalist party was formed to act as a powerful pressure group within the congress by Madan Mohan Malviya and M.S. Aney.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Rani Gaidinliu (26 January 1915 – 17 February 1993) was a Rongmei Naga spiritual and political leader who led a revolt against British rule in India. The movement later turned into a political movement seeking to drive out the British from Manipur and the surrounding Naga areas.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The interim government of India was formed on September 2, 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Rash Behari Bose was an Indian revolutionary noted for his planning of the Delhi-Lahore conspiracy of 1912 to assassinate the then Viceroy Lord Hardinge, and his involvement in the Ghadr Conspiracy of 1915.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lucknow Pact, (December 1916), agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah; it was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on Dec. 31, 1916.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : It was on this day in 1940 that the Muslim League, in its annual session held at Lahore, put forward the demand for a separate homeland for the Muslims of British India. Several Muslim League leaders spoke on the resolution before it was approved on March 24.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Madanlal Dhingra claimed that he had murdered Curzon-Wyllie as a patriotic act and in revenge for the inhumane killings of Indians by the British Government in India. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was executed at Pentonville Prison on 17 August 1909.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Under the Government of India act 1935 it was decided to establish a federation consisting of Governor’s provinces and princely states.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mohammad Ali Jinnah commented it as “thoroughly rotten, fundamentally bad and totally unacceptable“. Jinnah’s point of view was based upon the feeling that it would substantially increase Hindu majority at the center.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On 6 October 1839 Debendranath Tagore established Tattvaranjini Sabha which was shortly thereafter renamed the Tattwabodhini (Truth-seekers) Sabha. Initially confined to immediate members of the Tagore family, in 2 years it mustered over 500 members.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on June 27, 1838, in Naihati in West Bengal to an orthodox Bengali Brahmin family. He wrote the national song ‘Vande Mataram’, which was a part of his novel Anandamath (1882). It is a political novel depicting a Sanyasi army fighting the British soldiers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ramakrishna Mission was established by 1897 by his ardent disciple Swami Vivekananda with the twin objectives of working for one’s own liberation as well as working for the welfare of the world at large.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : For the cause of national liberation Swami Dayananda stressed on Swadeshi, Swadharma, Swabhasha and Swarajya.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan brought out a paper with the title of the ‘loyal Muhammadanans of India’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On October 17, 1940, the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi had chosen Acharya Vinoba Bhave as the first satyagrahi (proponent of satyagraha) to start personal satyagraha (movement which meant holding to the truth) and Jawaharlal Nehru as the second.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Elections were held in eleven provinces – Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sindh. The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : First Round Table Conference was held between November 1930 and January 1931. It was officially inaugurated on November 12, 1930 at House of Lords at London by the British King (George V) and was chaired by then British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dr. B. R. Ambedkar organized a Bhishkrit Hitkari Sabha, (The Depressed Classes Institute) in 1924.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-seekers’ Society) is a social reform society founded by Jyotirao Phule in Pune, India, on 24 September 1873.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India, on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi arrived from London on 28 December 1931 and on that day, Congress Working Committee decided to resume the Civil Disobedience Movement. Within a week, on 4 January 1932, Gandhi was arrested. Officially, the Civil Disobedience movement was suspended in May 1933 and it was finally withdrawn in May 1934.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (29 December 1844 – 21 July 1906) was an Indian barrister and was the first president of Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Annie Besant conveyed to the Indians – “I am with you wholeheartedly and in terms of culture I am one of you”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lala Lajpat Rai said “Every blow on my body will prove a nail in the coffin of the British Empire”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Swaraj Party as established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj. It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, swaraj means “independence” or “self-rule.” The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The sudden withdrawal of the Non Cooperation Movement left congress with no other such programmes. There was an impatient section of the leaders in Congress whose expectations were wrapped up in the coming up elections in India in 1923, so that they enter into the legislatures and bring “change”. These elections had to be conducted as per the provisions of the Government of India Act 1919.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Aurobindo Ghose, Barindra Kumar Ghose, B.P. Mitra, Abinash Bhattacharya and Bhupendranath Dutta were associated with the revolutionary organization Anushilan Samiti (in Bengal).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The All India Forward Block (AIFB) is a left-wing nationalist political party in India. It emerged as a faction within the Indian National Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. The party re-established as an independent political party after the independence of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1914, Kasi Ram Joshi a member of the party from Haryana, returned to India from America. On 15 March 1915 he was hanged by the colonial government. The Ghadar party commanded a loyal following the province of Punjab, but many of its most prominent activists were forced into exile to Canada and the United States.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Dr. Amba Prasad called the 1857 revolt as ‘Student Farmer-Middle class Revolt’.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Justice C. Y. Chintamani called Government of India Act 1935 a Lame Federation.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi considered preconditions as necessary for a satyagrahi to fulfill namely Prefect Chastity, adopts poverty, follow truth and cultivate fearlessness.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Kakori Conspiracy (or Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The robbery was organised by Hindustan Republican Association (HRA).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired rifles into a crowd of Punjabis, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gopal Krishna Gokhale CIE pronunciation (9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915) was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the Indian Independence Movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan started the Khudai Khidmatgar movement (Servants of God). Khudai Khidmatgar movement was a non-violent freedom struggle against the British Empire by the Pashtuns or Pathans of the North-West Frontier Province led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak introduced the slogan Swaraj is my birth right in 1906. He adopted a new slogan coined by his associate Kaka Baptista: “Swaraj (self-rule) is my birthright and I shall have it.” Following the Partition of Bengal, which was a strategy set out by Lord Curzon to weaken the nationalist movement, Tilak encouraged the Swadeshi movement and the Boycott movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Abhinav Bharat was named after the Abhinav Bharat Society, an organisation founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The two names which were associates with the publication of the paper ‘Yugantar’ are Barindra kumar Ghose and Bhupendranath Dutta.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : King George V crowned in England in 1911. A durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate this occasion in India and Delhi was declared the capital of imperial India in that durbar. The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1913, Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was founded by Lala Hardayal with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president, which was called Ghadar Party. The members of this party were the immigrant Sikhs of US and Canada. The first issue of The Ghadar, was published from San Francisco on November 1, 1913.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Royal Titles Bill was brought before Parliament in 1876. Queen Victoria opened Parliament in person, the first time since the death of Prince Albert, to announce the change in royal title.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1906, Bal Gangadhar Tilak introduced two slogans ‘Swaraj is my birth right’ and ‘Our life and religion are useless without the attainment of Swaraj’.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The newspapers ‘The Punjabi and The pupil’ were published by Lala Lajpat Rai.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bengal National College started with Sri Aurobindo as its first Principal on 14th August 1906.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in 1906 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. This session was headed by Dada Bhai Naoroji. However, it was 1906 session at Calcutta in which four resolutions on self-government, boycott movement, Swadeshi and national education were passed by the Congress.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Original name of Ghadar Party was Pacific Coast Hindustan Association. The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal was the co-founder of this party.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started the Bengal quarterly Samvad Kaumudi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first man after the revolt of 1857 who wanted to overthrow the British regime by means of an armed rebellion and establish self-government in India was Vasudeo Balwant Phadke.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : It was a long journey from India to South Africa. Gandhi reached the port of Natal towards the end of May, 1893. The first thing he noticed was that the Indians there were treated with little respect. Within a week of his arrival in Durban, he visited the court with Abdulla Seth of Dada, Abdulla &Co.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Annie Besant arrived in India on Nov. 16, 1893.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Barindra Kumar Ghosh or Barindra Ghosh, or, popularly, Barin Ghosh (5 January 1880 – 18 April 1959) was an Indian revolutionary and journalist. He was one of the founding members of Jugantar, a revolutionary outfit in Bengal. Barindra Ghosh was a younger brother of Sri Aurobindo.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Curzon. The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lala Lajpat Rai statement is this –“The Indians should no longer be satisfied with mere mendicancy neither should they beg the English for concessions”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him “The father of the Indian unrest.”

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Abhinav Bharat Society (Young India Society) was a secret society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1903.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Darul Uloom Deoband learning centre was established on 21 May 1866 by Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi. The Deobandi Islamic movement originated in the Darul Uloom.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Santhal rebellion 1855-56. The Santhal rebellion predates 1857. It was a rebellion of Santhal people led by 4 Murmu Brothers named Sindhu, Kanhu , Chand and Bhairav, in modern Jharkhand (then Bengal Presidency) against the oppressive Zamindari system. The initially launched Guerilla warfare in the Jungles of Jharkhand.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The famine which killed nearly 8 lakh people during British rule as per the report furnished by the Femine Commissioon of 1660 had struck Western India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : T. R. Holmes popularized the view that the Revolt of 1857 was a conflict between civilization and barbarism or a struggle between Oriental and Occidental civilization and culture.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Author of the Great Rebellion is Ashok Mehta. The great rebellion was the story set in the year of 1857 when Indian freedom fighters fought for independence.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ashok Mehta said, “this (the revolt 1857) was an eruption of social volcano, where many spent forces found vent. After the eruption, the whole social topography had changed; the scars if rebellion remained deep and shining”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sisir Kumar Ghosh, Shambhuchand Mukherjee, Kali Mohan Das and Jogesh Chandra Dutt were editors of – Amrit Bazar Patrika.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Government of India Act, 1935 provided for the establishment of Federal Court to interpret the Act and adjudicate disputes relating to the federal matters. It provided that the Federal Courts should consist of one Chief justice and not more than six judges.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Cabinet Mission of 1946 came to India aimed to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, with the aim of preserving India’s unity and granting it independence. He came of March 24, 1946.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The British government, did not favour the activities of the Communists in India and on 23rd July, 1934 it imposed a ban on the functioning of the party.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Government of India Act 1935 provision for the establishment of a “Federation of India”, to be made up of both British India and some or all of the “princely states”.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : An agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi was signed 84 years ago on September 24, 1932. The agreement was signed by Pt Madan Mohan Malviya and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and some Dalit leaders at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, to break Mahathma Gandhi’s fast unto death.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Prime Minister of Britain Clement Atlee declared on February 20, 1947 in the House of Commons that the British would quit India after transferring power into the responsible hand not later than June 1948.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Swami Dayanand Saraswati gave the political slogan that India is for Indians. Dayanand said – World is a battlefield where every individual has to work out his salvation by right deeds.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : V. D. Savarkar said,” One Country One God, One Caste, one Mind brothers all of us Without Difference, without Doubt “.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : United India House organizes Unity among Indians in the United states of America in 1910.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Communist Party of India had been formed in 1925. The key slogan of their party was to make the Indian People play a people’s role in the people’s war.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bhikaji Cama, also known as Madame Cama, was the first woman who successfully unfurled the first version of the tricolour Indian flag. She still remains to be one of the most prominent woman personalities to participate in the Indian Nationalist Movement. Born into very well-off Parsi family in Bombay (now Mumbai) Bhikaji received her early education there.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In May 1942, Mahatma Gandhi called on Britain to “leave India to God. If this is too much then leave her to anarchy.” In July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met at Wardha. The resolution demanded, “The British Rule in India must end immediately.”

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Individual satyagraha movement started on 17th October, 1940 and continued upto December.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : A meeting in Johannesburg on 11 September 1906 marked the start of the resistance campaign, which ultimately became known as satyagraha (meaning ‘truth-force’), with its practitioners called satyagrahi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Na koi bhai, na koi pai slogan was given by the Congress in opposition to British Government involving India in Second World War in 1939 without consulting the people of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Subhash Chandra Bose and Congress Tripuri Session 1939. The British Government was keen on Bose taking interest in the Axis Powers and the developing Gandhi Bose strife. In December 1938, Bose had a meeting with two representatives of the German Nazi Party.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1881, he began his drive for new awakening by among the Indians publishing two newspapers i.e., the Maratha (English) and Kesari (Marathi).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Elections were held in eleven provinces – Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP, Bengal, Punjab and Sindh.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak (23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him “The father of the Indian unrest.” He was also conferred with the title of “Lokmanya”, which means “accepted by the people (as their leader)”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : They organized an association called “Chapekar Club” for physical and military training which they also called as “the society for the removal of obstacles to the Hindu Religion”. Their activities took the form of attacking leading social reformers in the dark, putting tar on the Queen’s statue near the Esplanade in Bombay and burning the examination pandal. They became active members of the Ganapati melas the lustily sang songs praising Shivaji for “his daring deeds and exhorting the audience to risk their life on the battlefield in a national war to shed upon the earth the lifeblood of the enemies who destroyed Hindu religion”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The First Session of Ram Mohan Roy’s Brahmo Samaj is held in Kolkata. On 20th August 1828, the first session of Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s Brahmo Samaj was held in Kolkata. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a popular social and educational reformer in India who paved the way for progress in India under British rule.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : All India Kisan Sabha(AIKS) is the peasant or farmers’ wing of the Communist Party of India. The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, who had formed in 1929 the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights. Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India. All these radical developments on the peasant front culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in April 1936, with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati elected as its first president.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement. The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Abhinav Bharat was named after the Abhinav Bharat Society, an organisation founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1904. The original organization believed in armed revolution, and was responsible for the assassinations of some officers of the ruling British government before being disbanded in 1952.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The major Muslim organizations which opposed the partition of India were The Jamiat-Ulema-hind, Khudai Khidmatgar and Majlis-e-Ahrar –Hind.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Congress was in a confused state again after the August Offer. The radicals and leftists wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but here Gandhi insisted on Individual Satyagraha. The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the war.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On the crisp morning of 23 December 1912, Delhi was decked up to welcome the then Viceroy Lord Hardinge on the occasion of the capital’s transfer from Calcutta to Delhi. At a building in Chandni Chowk, a petite woman could be seen waiting with the crowd to see the Viceroy, and then a bomb exploded. Basant Biswas, a young boy of 16 years, had dressed up as a woman and thrown a crude bomb at the elephant carrying the Viceroy. Hardinge escaped with injuries. Rash Behari was the mastermind behind the attack and helped make the bomb. After the blast, Bose went back to his government job at the Forest Research Institute and even organised an honorary reception for Hardinge a few months later.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Hardinge, the Viceroy of India (1910- 1916), is remembered for the annulment of the Partition of Bengal in 1911.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Quit India Movement, or the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Gandhiji on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : A momentous introduction in the reforms were the separate electorates where seats were reserved for Muslims and in which only Muslims would be polled. The implication that Muslims and their interests could only be protected by Muslims would influence Indian politics in the ensuing decades. The Muslim League had been founded in 1906 by an elite aiming to promote Muslim interests, prevent Hindu dominance over Muslims through a parliamentary system and to advance the Muslim perspective in the deliberations regarding constitutional reforms after October 1907.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Lucknow Pact was an agreement that reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at the joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in December 1916. Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow overrepresentation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In the Lahore session of 1929 {presided by Jawaharlal Nehru}, the congress passed a Poorna Swarajya Resolution {drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru} for complete independence. During this time, Lord Irwin was Governor general.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : This movement, centred around Patna was an Islamic revivalist movement, whose stress was to condemn any change into the original Islam and return to its true spirit. The movement was led by Syed Ahmed Barelvi.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first Arya Samaj unit was formally set up by him at Bombay in 1875 and later the headquarters of the Samaj were established at Lahore.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Comrade was a weekly English-language newspaper that was published and edited by Maulana Mohammad Ali between 1911 and 1914.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian National congress decided to launch an individual civil disobedience in place of Mass civil Disobedience in July 1933.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1935, This act ended the system of dyarchy introduced by GOI Act 1919 and provided for establishment of a Federation of India to be made up of provinces of British India and some or all of the Princely states. However, the federation never came into being as the required number of princely states did not join it.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1918, Gandhiji fought for the rights of the textile mill workers of Ahmedabad. Here for the first time he introduced a method of arbitration – fasting.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Wood’s Dispatch / Despatch is known as Magna Carta (Magna Charta) of Indian Education. Wood’s Dispatch was an act of 1854 implemented by the British rulers during pre-independent India. The despatch was presented by Sir Charles Wood to the directors of the British East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : During the Indian Mutiny, from 1857 to 1858, Begum Hazrat Mahal’s band of supporters, led by Raja Jailal Singh, rebelled against the forces of the British; later, they seized control of Lucknow and she declared her son, Birjis Qadra, as the ruler (Wali) of Oudh.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sri Narayana Guru preached the doctrine of ‘One caste, One religion, One God.’ Its worth note that one of his athiest disciples, Sahadaran Ayyapan, changed into ‘no religion, no caste and no God for mankind.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Congress in a special session (August 1918) criticized the August Declaration as “disappointing and unsatisfactory” and suggested important modifications. The Moderates, led by Surendra Nath Banerjee, supported the Declaration in a separate conference (November 1918).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil wrote books Colour of Swadeshi and Revolutionary Life.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926 and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association. The NBS comprised members from the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh communities and organised lectures, public meetings and protests.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The novel ‘Neel Darpan’ depicting the harassment and oppression of Indigo farmers by the Britishers was written by Tara Shankar Bandhopadhyay.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kunwar Singh led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Bihar. He was nearly eighty and in failing health when he was called upon to take up arms. He gave a good fight and harried British forces for nearly a year and remained invincible until the end. He was an expert in the art of guerilla warfare.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ashok Mehta has written about the revolt of 1857- ‘this was an eruption of social volcano’ where many spent forces found vent. After the vent the whole social topography has changed. The scars of rebellion remained deep and shining”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Indian councils Act 1861 may be regarded as the beginning of representative system in modern India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Royal Titles Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict., c. 10) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which officially recognized Queen Victoria as “Empress of India.”

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The act was proposed by Lord Lytton, then Viceroy of India, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on 14 March 1878.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : V. D. Savarkar was the first to call the revolt of 1857 as an organized war for national Independence.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : First Round Table Conference was first among the three such conferences organized between 1930 and 1932 by British government towards constitutional reforms in India. These conferences were conducted as per 1930 report of Simon Commission. First Round Table Conference was held between November 1930 and January 1931. It was officially inaugurated on November 12, 1930 at House of Lords at London by the British King (George V) and was chaired by then British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi-Irwin Pact, agreement signed on March 5, 1931, between Mohandas K. Gandhi, leader of the Indian nationalist movement, and Lord Irwin (later Lord Halifax), British viceroy (1926–31) of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : With the objective of raising the moral and material status of the untouchables Dr. B.R. Ambedkar organized The Bahishkrit Hitkari sabha in July 1924.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1935 derived material from four key sources viz. Report of the Simon Commission, discussions at the Third Round Table Conference, the White Paper of 1933 and the reports of the Joint select committees.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Nehru Report of 28-30 August, 1928 was a memorandum outlining a proposed new dominion status constitution for India. It was prepared by a committee of the All Parties Conference chaired by Motilal Nehru with his son Jawaharlal Nehru acting as secretary. There were nine other members in this committee.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In order to study the position of education Indian constitutional commission was constituted in 1929 under the chairmanship of Phillip Uartog.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : It was uttered by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay or Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. He was the first to initiate the slogan “Vande Mataram”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak described the method of three P’s – Prayer, petition and protest as political mendicancy.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : “In this instance we could not play off the Mohammedans against the Hindus.” This remark of Aitchison relate to Revolt of 1857.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the Haripura session of 1938, the Congress President Subhash Chandra Bose advocated the introduction of Roman script for Hindi language.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Atmiya Sabha was a philosophical discussion circle in India. The association was started by Ram Mohan Roy in 1815 in Kolkata (then Calcutta). They used to conduct debate and discussion sessions on philosophical topics, and also used to promote free and collective thinking and social reform.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Curzon wrote in 1900 to the Secretary of state for India-‘It is my firm belief that the congress is staggering towards its downfall and it is my great desire that during my stay in India I should help in its peaceful demise.”

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Tilak was born in a Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family in Ratnagiri as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, in the headquarters of the eponymous district of present-day Maharashtra (then British India) on 23 July 1856.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : New India was an early 20th century daily newspaper published in India by the Annie Besant, to highlight issues related to the Indian freedom struggle.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bangadarshan was a Bengali literary magazine, founded by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1872, and resuscitated in 1901 under the editorship of Rabindranath Tagore. The magazine had a defining influence on the emergence of a Bengali identity and the genesis of nationalism in Bengal.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.These are related to constitutional reforms.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Minto was known as Father of communal electorate.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indian official secrets Act in 1904.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The most outstanding representative of militant school was Bal Gangadhar Tilak later popularly known as Lokamanya Tilak.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji was the first economic thinker of India. In his writings on economics, he showed that the basic cause of India’s poverty lay in the British exploitation of India and the drain of its wealth. Dadabhai was honored by being thrice elected president of the Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In Indian National Congress organization, A.O. Hume said “A safety valve for the escape of great and growing forces generated by our own action urgently needed.”

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The demand for Swarajya or self- government within the British empire was made from the Congress platform by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905 and Dadabhai Naoroji in 1906.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha started in 1851 by Naoroji Furdonji Dadabahi Naroji, S.S. Bengalee and other was a Parsi religious Reform Association.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi gave the title of Sardar to Vallabhbhai Patel for his great organizational skill in The Bardoli Satyagraha.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Manabendra Nath Roy (21 March 1887 – 26 January 1954), born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, was an Indian revolutionary, radical activist and political theorist, as well as a noted philosopher in the 20th century. Roy was a founder of the Mexican Communist Party and the Communist Party of India. He was the pioneer of Indian communism.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : B.G.Tilak called the “Diamond of India” to Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 23 June 1757, the Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of Siraj Ud Daulah, and his French support troops and the troops of the British East India Company, led by Robert Clive. This event was a part of the Seven Years War.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The territory of Porus who offered strong resistance to Alexander was situated between the rivers of Jhelum and Chenab.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The head of the military was called the Mir Bakshi, appointed from among the leading nobles of the court. The Mir Bakshi was in charge of intelligence gathering, and also made recommendations to the emperor for military appointments and promotions.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Tripitaka is a Sanskrit word meaning Three Baskets. The sacred book of Buddhism is called the Tripitaka (called Tipitaka in Pali).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nirvana because in buddhism trident shaped symbol is a reference to the triple gem bhuddha ,dhamma and sangha.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The ‘Treaty of Srirangapatinam (also called Sri Ranga Patanam or Srirangapatna), signed 18 March 1792, ended the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Its signatories included Lord Cornwallis on behalf of the British East India Company, representatives of the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Maratha Empire, and Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Charter act 1853 Introduced open competition system for recruitment of civil servants. It was open for Indians also for the first time. Accordingly, Macaulay committee (committee on Indian civil service) was appointed in 1854.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Through Mahanayakacharya, the king exercised his control over villages in the Vijayanagar Empire.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Vijayanagara ruler, Kirshnadev Rayas work Amuktamalyada, was in Telugu.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Under an agreement with Japan Subhas Chandra Bose organize the Indian soldiers, taken as prisoners by the Axis Powers, into the Azad Hind Fauj.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : We hear of two envoys being sent to the Roman kings , one in 27-28 AD to the court of Augustus and the other in 110-20 AD to the court of Trajan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Greece contact with India is the use of kharoshti architechture.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Vaikhanasa the five-fold conception of Vishnu consists of Brahman, Prakriti, Satya, Achutya and Annirudha.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The troops raised by the emperor but not paid directly the state and place under the charge of mansabadars were known as Dakhili.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Treaty of Mangalore. The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : To conquer and annex Peshawar and Punjab, Mahmud of Ghazni defeated Hindushahis.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Earlier leaders who struggled for freedom of India mainly belonged to Lawyers, Teachers and Journalists.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The victories of Karikala are well portrayed in Pattinappalai.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Todar Mal was associated with land revenue reforms. Raja Todar Mal was the Finance Minister of the Mughal empire during Akbar’s reign. He was one of the Navaratnas in Akbar’s durbar.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The title of viceroy was added to the office of the Governer- general of India for the first time in 1858 A.D.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bhoja (reigned c. 1010–1055 CE) was an Indian king from the Paramara dynasty. His kingdom was centered around the Malwa region in central India, where his capital Dhara was located. Bhoja fought wars with nearly all his neighbours in attempts to extend his kingdom, with varying degrees of success. At its zenith, his kingdom extended from Chittor in the north to upper Konkan in the south, and from the Sabarmati River in the west to Vidisha in the east.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Vikramaditya, a king of Ujjain, started Vikrama Samvat era in 58 BCE after defeating the Shakas, and those who believe that he is based on a historical figure place him around the first century BCE. However, this era is identified as “Vikrama Samvat” after the ninth century CE. Other scholars believe that Vikramaditya is a mythical character, since several legends about him are fantastic in nature.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Babar and Jahangir were two of the great Mughals wrote their own memories.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back, on an elaborate base that includes other animals. A graphic representation of it was adopted as the official Emblem of India in 1950. It was originally placed on the top of the Ashoka pillar at the important Buddhist site of Sarnath by the Emperor Ashoka, in about 250 BCE. The pillar, sometimes called the Aśoka Column, is still in its original location, but the Lion Capital is now in the Sarnath Museum, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The use of spinning wheel (Charkha) became common during the 14th Century AD.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The language discourses of Gautam Buddha was Pali.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : There were widespread risings against the British in the 1820s. Santhals did not revolt in the 1820s.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Velayudhan Chempakaraman Thampi (1765–1809) was the Dalawa or Prime Minister of the Indian kingdom of Travancore between 1802 and 1809 during the reign of Bala Rama Varma Kulasekhara Perumal. He is best known for being one of the earliest individuals to rebel against the British East India Company’s supremacy in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Under the Mountbatten Plan of 1947 the people of N.W.F.P and the Sylhet district of Assam were given the right to decide through a plebiscite whether they wished to join Pakistan or India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Three major powers that emerged in southern India in the 7th century AD were Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The term ‘Yavanapriya’ mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts denoted pepper.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Timariots Governors and the Revenue Contractors, on their part reason in this manner: “Why should the neglected state of this land create uneasiness in our minds and why should we expend our money and time to render it fruitful? We may be deprived of it in a single moment, and our exertions would benefit neither ourselves nor our children.” This statement was made by Bernier.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : King has the ultimate ownership of land during the post gupta period.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Buddha belong to Sakyas republic.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : There was a sharp class division at Harappa and Mohenjodaro. This is clear from the Different types of dwellings excavated.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kaiser-e-hind was the title given by british to Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, 20 November 1750 – 4 May 1799), also known as the Tipu sahab was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the eldest son of Sultan Hyder Ali of Mysore.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The term yavanika meant curtain.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The term Khalisa in Mughal administration signified the land owned by emperor himself.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Mudrarakshasa, a historical play in sanskrit by Vishakhadatta in late 4th or early 5th century narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in Northern India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dual Government of Bengal started in 1765, when Clive concluded two separate ‘treaties of Allahabad’ with Shah Alam II(12 Aug.1765) & Shujauddaula(16 Aug.1765). Warren Hastings ended the dual system of government in 1772.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Vedas contain all the truth was interpreted by Swami Dayananda.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The term samanta, meaning a feudatory from the sixth century AD, originally meant a Neighbour.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Burma (now Myanmar), Combodia, Indonesia, UAR, Sri Lanka, and Ghana, all the countries which are mentioned here have participated in the conference held in December 1962.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Akbarnama which translates to Book of Akbar, is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor, commissioned by Akbar himself by his court historian and biographer, Abul-Fazl ibn Mubarak who was one of the nine jewels in Akbar’s court. The text of the document called Mahzar, by which Akbar assumed the role of supreme arbiter in the matters of religion is found in it.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Tulsidas wrote several popular works in Sanskrit and Awadhi; he is best known as the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Sanskrit Ramayana based on Rama’s life in the vernacular Awadhi dialect of Hindi. He was a contemporary of Akbar.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : To meet the educational needs of the people, the Madarasa-I Nasiri was built in the reign of Iltutmish.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : After making Madras her home, Annie Besant founded a weekly newspaper Commonweal in January 1914.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ustad Mansur (flourished 1590-1624) was a seventeenth-century Mughal painter and court artist. He grew up during the reign of Jahangir (r. 1605 – 1627) during which period he excelled at depicting plants and animals.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the Vedas, Indra is the king of Svarga (Heaven) and the Devas. He is the god of the heavens, lightning, thunder, storms, rains and river flows. Indra is the most referred to deity in the Rigveda.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The ancient Tamil literature consists of the grammatical work Tolkappiyam in second Sangam period.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Pulakeshin II (IAST: Pulakeśin, r. c. 610-642 CE) was the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty of Vatapi (present-day Badami in Karnataka, India).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The term Brahmadeya occured the first time in pre-gupta inscriptions.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1906, All India Muslim League was set up under the leader ship of Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullab of Dacca and Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk. The League supported the partition of Bengal, opposed the Swadeshi Movement, and demanded special safegurds for its community and a separate electorates of Muslims. This led to communal differences between Hindus and Muslims.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : TIVARA is the only son mentioned in the inscription.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : From Rig Veda, which is the earliest specimen of Indo -European language we know about the Aryans. The Rig Veda consists of ten mandalas or books. We can know about the early vedic period from Rig Veda.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Upanishads are a collection of texts of religious and philosophical nature, written in India probably between c. 800 BCE and c. 500 BCE, during a time when Indian society started to question the traditional Vedic religious order.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Universities in the Presidency towns in India were established in 1857.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Srikrishna devaraya is the king who employed skilled arches of the Turkish clan and raised the fighting capacity of his bowmen

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Under the Guptas in eastern India, there was probably an intermediate level of administration between vishayas (districts) and villages (Vifhi).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The two principles monuments of Alaud-din Khilji’s reign – the Jama at Kana Masjid and Alai Darwaza – were constructed at Delhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : A Nirgrantha is a term that specifically refers to Jains in religious and philosophical works from the Indian religions.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Kalinga War was a war fought between the Mauryan Empire and the state of Kalinga. Kalinga was an important kingdom because it controlled the trade routes with Southeast Asia. Because of this, Ashoka, the Mauryan king, wanted to capture it. Therefore he lead his huge army to Kalinga in 261 BC.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Under the Government of India, Provincial Legislatures consisted of two chambers, except in the case was Punjab.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Venetian traveler who travelled with his wife and reached Vijayanagar around 1420 was Niccolo de Conti.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The year 788 AD was a good one for Hinduism because Shankracharya was born that year.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The twenty-third Jaina teacher, Parsva, the immediate predecessor of Mahavira enjoined on his disciples four great vows. To these Mahavira adds the Brahmacharya or continence as the fifth vow.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Turko Afghan rule in India lasted for about 3 centuries as they were there in the time of Rana Pratap also and the Turkish king Gaznavi invaded Delhi long before that.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The painting which is not included in the Mughal paintings is the Islamic Themes. Mughal paintings are a particular style of South Asian painting. These paintings were evolved during the rule of Mughal Emperors in India and revolved around themes like battles, legendary stories, hunting scenes, wildlife, royal life, mythology, etc.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Akbar was the Mughal Emperor against whom the Fatwa was issued from Jaunpur.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1942, in a fiery speech in Mumbai, Mahatma Gandhi gave a ‘do or die’ call to the people of India in a final push to make the British quit.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Alauddin Khalji was the First Sultan of Delhi to charge Ghari or House Tax.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Quit India Movement, or the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Gandhiji on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Governor General and Viceroy of India (1936-1944) Lord Linlithgow was Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1944 and this eight years period was longest reign as Viceroy of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charles Canning, the Governor-General of India during the rebellion when the 1857 revolt broke out.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : “Vikramaditya” was a common title adopted by several Indian kings, and the Vikramaditya legends may be embellished accounts of different kings (particularly Chandragupta II).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Raja Todar Mal, as finance minister of Akbar, brought new system of revenue collection known as zabti system and dahshala system which was a system of taxation. Under the system he took a careful survey of crop yields and prices cultivated for a period of 10 years.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Hawa Mahal is a palace in Jaipur, India. It is constructed of red and pink sandstone. The palace sits on the edge of the City Palace, Jaipur, and extends to the zenana, or women’s chambers. The structure was built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Jama Masjid between 1644 and 1656. It was constructed by more than 5000 workers. It was originally called Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, meaning ‘mosque commanding view of the world’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mehrangarh or Mehran Fort, located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, is one of the largest forts in India. Built in around 1459 by Rao Jodha, the fort is situated 410 feet (125 m) above the city and is enclosed by imposing thick walls.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Dharmapala (ruled 8th century) was the second ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent. He was the son and successor of Gopala, the founder of the Pala Dynasty. He greatly expanded the boundaries of the empire, and made the Palas a dominant power in the northern and eastern India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Abul Fazl was the author of Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar’s reign in 3 volumes. This book gives the history of Akbar’s forefathers from Timur to Humayun and Akbar’s reign till 1602 AD. Abul Fazl was one of the nine jewels in the royal court of Akbar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Amir Khusrau (1253-1325) is regarded as the “father of qawwali” .He was an Indian musician, scholar and poet. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent.He is said to have witnessed the reigns of eight Delhi Sultans from ‘Ghiyasuddin Balban to Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Gita Govinda (Song of Govinda) is a work composed by the 12th-century Indian poet, Jayadeva. It describes the relationship between Krishna and the gopis (female cow herders) of Vrindavana, and in particular one gopi named Radha.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Adi Shankara was the founder of the Dashanami monastic order and the Shanmata tradition of worship. His works in Sanskrit, all of which are extant today, concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of Advaita (Sanskrit, “Non-dualism”).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bishandas was a 17th-century portrait painter at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Though little is known of Bishandas’ life, his name can indicate that he was a Hindu. In 1613 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Persia, to paint the Shah’s portrait.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Malik Muhammad Jayasi was the first Indian Hindi Scholar. Malik Muhammad Jayasi (died 1542) was an Indian Sufi poet and pir. He wrote in the Awadhi language, and in the Persian Nastaʿlīq script. His best known work is the epic poem Padmavat.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kavi Bilhana was an 11th-century Kashmiri poet. Bilhana rewarded his patron by composing in his honor an epic Vikramankadevacharita.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Humāyūn ascended the throne in 1530 and in 1533 founded a new city, Din Panah, on the bank of the Yamuna River. Shēr Shah, who overthrew Humāyūn in 1540, razed Din Panah to the ground and built his new capital, the Sher Shahi, now known as Purana Qila fort, in southeastern Delhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Hasan Nizami was a Persian language poet and historian, who lived in the 12th and 13th centuries. He migrated from Nishapur to Delhi in India, where he wrote Tajul-Ma’asir, the first official history of the Delhi Sultanate.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nizamuddin was most unperturbed and said, “Hunuz Dilli door ast”- Which means Delhi is yet very far away!

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jahangir, Akbar’s son, continued to produce manuscript in this style, a halo because of the belief that they were special beings touched by divinity who radiated the light of Allah.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1321 Amir Khusrau began to write a historic masnavi named Tughlaq Nama (Book of the Tughlaqs) about the reign of Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq and that of other Tughlaq rulers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Iranian painters were brought by Humayun were Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad. Both the painters were the founders of an independent branch of Persian art popularly known as the Mughal school of miniature painting.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Qutab-ud-din Aibak started the construction of Qutub Minar in 1193. Its construction was completed by his son-in-law Iltutmish.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Temple of Khajuraho were built between 950 – 1050 AD by Chandela Rajput. Angkor Vat Temple was built in 12th century by Khener Singh Suryavannan-II Notre – Dame the Paris was built in 1163. Sun Temple Konark was built by Ganga dynasty King Narshimdev-I in 13th century A.D.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Vikramashila was founded by Pāla king Dharmapala in the late 8th or early 9th century. It prospered for about four centuries before it was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji along with the other major centres of Buddhism in India around 1193.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Shahji, Shivaji, Sambhaji, Rajaram sequences represents the correct chronological order.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Chola Empire was divided into nine provinces. They were also called mandalams.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The largest standing army of the Delhi Sultanate directly paid by the State was created by Alauddin Khalji.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Their most prominent sultan was Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Under his reign, the Delhi Sultanate expanded its geographical boundaries to cover most of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Nicolo Conti, an Italian, was at Vijayanagar in about 1420, just after the accession of Devaraya I. The first known foreign traveller, he mentions that the fortifications of the city and the thousands of men employed in the army of the rulers.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The tribe that conquered the region of Assam came from Siam (Now Thailand).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Akbar was the first Indian ruler to organize Haj pilgrimage at the expense of the state.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The dynasty’s founder was Samanta Sena. After him came Hemanta Sena who usurped power and styled himself king in 1095 AD. His successor Vijaya Sena (ruled from 1096 AD to 1159 AD) helped lay the foundations of the dynasty, and had an unusually long reign of over 60 years.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Satnamis, who were actually Hindus rebelled against Aurangzeb in 1672. Their leader was Birbhan. Satnamis lived in the region around Delhi. Satnamis fought with courage but they were defeated by the imperial army of Mughals and crushed to death. Jats also rebelled against Aurangzeb under the leadership of local Zamindar Gokala. They were never subdued completely and continued to resist the Mughal rule and when Aurangzeb died, they succeeded in establishing an independent Jat kingdom in Bharatpur.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Chandragiri Fort is a historical fort, built in the 11th century located in Chandragiri, Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India. Though mostly associated with Vijayanagara Kings it was built much earlier in 11th century by Yadava Naidu kings.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1309 – 20 September 1388) was a Turkic Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388. He constructed four canals for irrigation.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother’s life. Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah. It came to be known as Humayun-nama.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The correct chronological sequence of these Mughal rulers after Aurangzeb: Farrukh Siyar, Jahandar Shah, Alamgir-II, Shah Alam-II. Abu’l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Shah Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar, or Farrukhsiyar, was the Mughal emperor from 1713 to 1719 after he murdered Jahandar Shah. Mirza Mu’izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammed Khan (9 May 1661 – 12 February 1713),[citation needed] more commonly known as Jahandar Shah, was a Mughal Emperor who ruled for a brief period in 1712–1713. Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759. He was the son of Jahandar Shah. Aziz-ud-Din, the second son of Jahandar Shah, was raised to the throne by Imad-ul-Mulk after he deposed Ahmad Shah Bahadur in 1754. Ali Gohar (25 June 1728 – 19 November 1806), historically known as Shah Alam II, was the sixteenth Mughal Emperor and the son of Alamgir II.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Kabir is widely believed to have become the first disciple of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything. Sant Kabir was known as a Nirguna saint and reformer.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great (r. 1556–1605) holds a religious assembly in the (House of Worship) in Fatehpur Sikri; the two men dressed in black are the Jesuit missionaries Rodolfo Acquaviva and Francisco Henriques.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ramcharitmanas was composed at Ayodhya, Varanasi & Chitrakoot. India was under the reign of Mughal emperor Akbar (1556-1605 CE) during this period.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mansabdar implies the generic term for the military-kind grading of all royal functionaries of the Mughal Empire. The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was borrowed from the system followed in Mongolia.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kabir was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings, according to some scholars, influenced Hinduism’s Bhakti movement. Kabir’s verses are found in Sikhism’s scripture Guru Granth Sahib. His most famous writings include his dohas. Sakhi, Sabad and Ramaini were the notable work of kabir.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India, is the largest of the western group of temples in the Khajuraho complex which was built by the Chandela rulers. Shiva is the chief deity in the temple deified in the sanctum sanctorum.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gita Govinda was composed by the famous 12th century poet Jayadeva. Jayadeva wrote the Geet Govind, which contains information about the Rasleela’s of Krishna in Vrindavan.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Delhi Sultanate literature began with the rise of Persian speaking people to the throne of the Sultanate of Delhi, naturally resulted in the spread of the Persian language in India. It was the official language and soon literary works in the language began to appear.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The construction of the Agra fort was started around 1565, when the initial structures were built by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, and subsequently taken over by his grandson Shah Jahan, who added most of the marble creations to the fort.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Shah Alam-I was the Mughal emperor at the time of Ahmad Shah Abdali’s invasion of India. Muhammad Shah Alam I (1719-1748) ruled for 28 years. Shah Alam faced many invasions, mainly by the Emir of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Peacock Throne (Takht-e-TauS) was built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan under the commission of goldsmith Bedradru Khan in the year 1628. It was first put at Diwan-i-Aam (Agra Fort) and then moved to Diwan-i-Khas (Red Fort) during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Nadir Shah invaded India in 1739 and took Peacock Throne and Koh-i-noor diamond with him.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Alberuni (Abu Rayham Beruni) was a persian scholar who came to India with Mahmud of Ghazni in 1017. He wrote Tarikh Al-Hind (History of India.). He was given the title of ‘founder of Indology’ and ‘al-ustadh’.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Iltutmish was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and declare Delhi as the capital of his empire. He was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate (1211 – 1236), belonging to the Mamluk dynasty. He conquered Multan and Bengal from contesting rulers, and Ranthambhore and Siwalik from their rulers.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Chief Shiqdar (Shiqdar-i-Shiqdran), in charge of executive administration and chief Munsif (Munsif-i-Munsifan). Later, Sher Shah’s pargana administration was reformed and he created some new posts: Shiqdar or military commander and police chief with limited powers, Amin or Munsif, Fotahdar or Treasurer and Karkuns or record keeper. During this time, Shiqdar and Amin were the responsible officers of military and revenue department in the Pargana.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Panch Mahal meaning `wind catcher tower’ was commissioned by Akbar. This structure stands close to the Zenana quarters (Harem) which supports the supposition that it was used for entertainment and relaxation. This is one of the most important buildings in Fatehpur Sikri. This is an extraordinary structure employing the design elements of a Buddhist Temple; entirely columnar, consisting of four stories of decreasing size arranged asymmetrically on the ground floor, which contains 84 columns. These columns, that originally had jaali (screens) between them, support the whole structure.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Emperor Babur laid out the classical Moghul-style gardens located on a high point in west Kabul which comprised a series of beautiful landscaped hillside.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : It is located at Sikandra, in the suburbs of Agra, on the Mathura road (NH2), 8 km west-northwest of the city center. About 1 km away from the tomb, lies Mariam’s Tomb, the tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani, wife of the Mughal Emperor Akbar and the mother of Jahangir.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, while seated in his four-domed summer house in the garden of a thousand trees, requested Al-Biruni to forecast, by his knowledge of the stars, which door the Sultan would leave the building. When Al-Biruni had complied with this command and had written his answers secretly on a piece of paper which he placed under a quilt, the Sultan caused a hole to be made in the eastern wall and through this he left the summer house.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Babur introduced cannon in India but before the arrival of Babur, cannon was already present in India. In north India, cannon was known as Kashakanjir. Srivara records that what is ‘topa’ in Muslim dialect is Kanda in Kashmir. Ma’asir-i Mahmud Shahi by Shihab Hakim and Riyazu’l Insha by Mahmud Gawan give details of ra’d/kaman-i ra’d (lightening/lightening bow) which are identified by Ferishta in Tarikh-i Ferishta as proper cannon. Ma’asir-i Mahmud Shahi also tells us about costly bronze artillery which could not be afforded every Rajput chieftains, with exception of Mewar. It mentions about missiles as golas.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English:”Tomb of the Lady”) is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother (posthumously known as Rabia-ud-Daurani).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya and he popularized Krishna cult in north India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Krishnadevaraya had to take initiative otherwise the Gajapatis could have probably overridden the Vijayanagara Empire. After his success against the Ummattur chiefs, he was emboldened to undertake a campaign against the Gajapatis. As a result of this, he fought with the Gajapatis of Odisha and won against them. The Gajapatis lost most of their territories in Telangana and Andhra to the Vijayanagara Empire.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Battle of Khanwa was fought near the village of Khanwa, in Bharatpur District of Rajasthan, on March 16, 1527. It was fought between the invading forces of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput forces led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, after the Battle of Panipat.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bijapur is largely visited by travelers from all across the world. Also known as Gol Gumbaz, this architectural feature is famous for its massive dome. It is the second largest dome in the world after St Peter’s Basilica in Rome.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Prithviraj Raso is a Brajbhasha epic poem about the life of the 12th century Indian king Prithviraj Chauhan (c. 1166-1192 CE). It is attributed to Chand Bardai, who according to the text, was a court poet of the king.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Alai Darwaza is the main gate from the southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in the Qutub Minar complex .Built by Allaudin Khilji the Sultan of Delhi in 1311 AD, the Alai Darwaza has a domed entrance which is constructed using red sandstone and is adorned with white marble.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Delhi Sultanate literature began with the rise of Persian speaking people to the throne of the Sultanate of Delhi, naturally resulted in the spread of the Persian language in India. It was the official language and soon literary works in the language began to appear.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dara Shukoh subsequently developed a friendship with the seventh Sikh Guru, Guru Har Rai. Dara Shukoh devoted much effort towards finding a common mystical language between Islam and Hinduism. Towards this goal he completed the translation of fifty Upanishads from their original Sanskrit into Persian in 1657 so that they could be studied by Muslim scholars.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Majnu Shah was a faqir of the Madariya Sufi order founded by Syed Badiuduin Qutb-ul Shah Madar. His headquarters was at the shrine of Shah Madar in Makanpur near Kanpur.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : It is a mausoleum called Bibi Ka Maqbara (“Tomb of the Lady”) built by Prince Azam Shah, the son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, between 1651 and 1661 AD, in the memory of his mother, Dilras Banu Begum.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The construction of Qutub Minar was started by Qutub-ud-din-Aibak in 1192 A.D. The minar’s topmost storey was damaged by lightning in 1369 and was rebuilt by Firuz Shah Tughlaq, who added another storey.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : He was weak-minded and frivolous and over-fond of a life of ease and luxury. Instead of giving full support to able wazirs such as Nizam-ul-Mulk, he fell under the evil influence of corrupt and worthless flatterers and intrigued against his own ministers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Charminar is a monument in Hyderabad, India. The structure was built in 1591 AD. It is the most famous building of Hyderabad and also one of the most famous buildings in India. It was built by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shahi to celebrate the end of a deadly plague.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Akbar’s teacher Abdul Latif was an Iranian scholar. He was the patron of Akbar from Bairam Khan 1556 AD to 1560 AD, who was seated on the throne of the throne by the title of Gazluddin Muhammad Akbar Emperor Ghazi, he was lovingly called Khani Baba.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Moti Masjid is a white marble mosque inside the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India. The name translates into English as “Pearl Mosque.” Located to the west of the Hammam and close to the Diwan-e-Khas, it was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb from 1659-1660.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Pushti marg (“the Path of Grace”) is a Vaishnav sect of the Hinduism, founded by shree Vallabhacharya ji (also known as Mahaprabhuji) around 1500 AD.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the then Viceroy of India, on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Urdu was designated as the camp language of Medieval India. The word, Turkish means mildary camp ‘a Lashkar’. Urdu language was developed due to contact of Hindu,Turkish an Afghan soldiers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Abdul Hamid Lahori (died 1654) was a traveller and historian during the period of Shah Jahan who later became a court historian of Shah Jahan. He wrote the book Padshahnama also referred as Badshahnama, about the reign of Shah Jahan. He has described Shah Jahan’s life and activities during the first twenty years of his reign in this book in great detail.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, built the Taj Mahal which is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage. It is situated at the west bank of river Yamuna in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It was included in the list of UNESCO world Heritage site in the year 1983.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Law and order became worse. The valid reason of the decline in trade and commerce during the period of later Mughals was the deterioration in law and order situation.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Adi Granth, the first rendition, was compiled by the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan. The tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, added one shloka, dohra mahala 9 ang, 1429 and all 115 hymns of his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur. This second rendition came to be known as Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bijak is the best known of the compilations of the Kabir, and as such is the holy scripture for followers of the Kabirpanthi religion. The Bijak is one of the earliest of the major texts in modern Hindi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : A khanqah or khaniqah (also transliterated as khankahs , khaneqa, khanegah or khaneqah) is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation. In the past, and to a lesser extent nowadays, they often served as hospices for saliks (Sufi travelers), Murids (initiates) and talibs (Islamic students). Khanqahs are very often found adjoined to dargahs (shrines of Sufi saints), mosques and madrasas (Islamic schools).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : He founded a new town where the modern day Agra stands. He was known to be a kind and generous ruler who cared for his subjects.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The correct chronological order in which the given monuments were built is Qutab Minar, Buland Darwaza, Gol Gumbaz, Red Fort. Qutab-ud-din Aibak, the first Muslim ruler of Delhi, commenced the construction of the Qutab Minar in 1200 AD. Buland Darwaza or the “Gate of victory”, was built in 1572 A.D. by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of king Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur. Construction of the tomb, located in Vijayapura, Karnataka, India, was started in 1626 and completed in 1656. Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi in India. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly 200 years, until 1856, built from 12 May 1639 – 6 April 1648.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Indian Reform Association was formed on 29 October 1870 with Keshub Chunder Sen as president. It represented the secular side of the Brahmo Samaj and included many who did not belong to the Brahmo Samaj. The objective was to put into practice some of the ideas Sen was exposed to during his visit to Great Britain.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khusrau is acknowledged as one of the four great pillars of 14th-century Persian literature. He was awarded the title of Tuti-e-Hind, Nightingale of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Government of India Act of 1858. On August 2, 1858, less than a month after Canning proclaimed the victory of British arms, Parliament passed the Government of India Act, transferring British power over India from the East India Company, whose ineptitude was primarily blamed for the mutiny, to the crown.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who was a general at Muhammad Ghori’s Delhi Sultanate, died as a result of a fall from his horse while playing Chaugan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : A Moroccan traveller, Ibn Bututa (1333-1347 AD) visited India during the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. His book Rehla (the Travelogue) throws a lot of light on the reign of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq and the geographical, economic and social conditions in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : From the time of Akbar, Hindi poets began to be attached to the Mughal court.A leading Mughal noble, Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khana, produced a fine blend of Bhakti poetry with Persian ideas of life and human relations. Likewise, the Persian and the Hindi literary traditions began to influence each other.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah. It came to be known as Humayun-nama. Gulbadan wrote in simple Persian without the erudite language used by better-known writers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The tomb of Humayun was built by the orders of Humayun’s first wife and chief consort, Empress Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum). The construction began in 1565, nine years after his death, and completed in 1572 AD at a cost of 1.5 million ruppees at the time.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Jantar Mantar monument in Jaipur, Rajasthan is a collection of nineteen architectural astronomical instruments built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The increasing conversation could lead to a loss of revenue, as jizya paying citizens could cease to pay the tax on conversion to Islam.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Maladhar Basu (c. 15th century) was a Bengali poet. He wrote Sri Krishna Vijaya (Triumph of Lord Krishna), the earliest Bengali narrative poem that can be assigned to a definite date. It is also the oldest Bengali narrative poem of Krishna legend. It was composed between 1473 and 1480. The long poem is a translation of the 10th and 11th cantos of the Bhagavata Purana; a part of Vishnu Purana and the story of Ramayana is also incorporated here. In the poem written in an early Bangla, Maladhar focuses on Krishna’s divine life, with the 10th canto relating the legends of Krishna as a child, and his divine play with the gopis in Vrindavana. He was honoured by Rukunuddin Barbak Shah with the title ‘Gunaraj Khan’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sri Bhagavad Rāmānujāchārya was a Hindu theologian, philosopher, and one of the most important exponents of the Sri Vaishnavism tradition within Hinduism. Rāmānujāchārya himself wrote influential texts, such as bhāsya on the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita, all in Sanskrit.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Moinuddin Chishti introduced the Chishti Order in Lahore (Punjab) and Ajmer (Rajasthan), sometime in the middle of the 12th century CE. He was eighth in the line of succession from the founder of the Chishti Order, Abu Ishaq Shami.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Buland Darwaza, or the “Gate of victory”, was built in 1601 A.D. by Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It is the main entrance to the palace at Fatehpur Sikri, a town which is 43 km from Agra, India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Aurangzeb was called “Zinda Pir”or “Living Saint ” in Mughal India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Taj Mahal was built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his beloved wife NoorJahan. It was designed by ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The dome of Taj Mal has exactly same height and length of base i.e. 35metres.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Gate of Magnificience’ is situated at the entrance of the palace. It was built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1601 A.D. to celebrate his victory over Khandesh (Gujarat) and Ahmednagar in Deccan. It is situated at Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Bibi Ka Maqbara is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb’s son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother. It bears a striking resemblance to the famous Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of wife of Shah Jahan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The most learned medieval Muslim ruler who was well versed in various branches of learning including astronomy, mathematics and medicine was Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Humayun’s Tomb, the tomb of Mughal Emperor Humayun was built by his wife Hamida Banu Begam in 1570. It was the first garden tomb in Indian subcontinent. It was declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Buland Darwaza , or the “Door of victory”, was built in 1602 A.D. by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra, India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Jaunpur Atala Masjid was built by Sultan Ibrahim (1402–1436), Sharqi Sultan of Jaunpur on foundations laid during the reign of Tughluq Sultan Firuz Shah III (1351–1388). Construction started in 1377 and was completed in 1408. A Madarsa named Madarsa Din Dunia is housed in central courtyard of the mosque

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The period of Bhakta Tukaram is considered between 1608-1649. The period of Jahangir is 1627-1657.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : During Aurangzeb’s reign, Muntakhab-ul-Lubab written by Khafi Khan, a historical writer. The book covers the history of Mughal period till the reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty, with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur, and with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; the first two Mughal emperors had both parents from Central Asian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture[11][19] with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sher Shah’s fort or the Purana Qila. It stands on the ancient site, known as ‘Indraprastha’, associated with the Hindu epic Mahabharata. He was temporarily deposed by Sher Shah Sur (r. 1540-45), who completed the fortress walls and built two important structures, that were used by Humayun when he took back the city.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Nimbarkacharya is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of ‘Dvaitadvaita’. Nimbarkacharya comes in the line of the Kumara Sampradaya and is believed to have lived around the 11th and 12th centuries.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In the 31st year of Akbar’s reign, the jama of the khalisa in the province of Delhi, Awadh and Allahabad amounted to less than 5% of the total revenue. Under Jahangir, almost 9/10 of the temtory was assigned in jagir and only 1/10 was available for the kbalisa. The ratio of jagir and khalisa kept fluctuating. Under Shah Jahan, it rose to oneeleventh and, by the 20th year, it was nearly one-seventh. The trend continued in the next reign; in the 10th year of Aurangzeb, the jama of the khalisa amounted to almost one-fifth of the total. However, in the later part of Aurangzeb’s reign, there was a great pressure on the khalisa as the number of claimants forjagir increased with the increase of the number of mansabdars.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Guru Har Govind Singh was the first guru to engage in warfare advising the Sikhs to take part in military training and martial arts. He also constructed Akal Takht. Guru Har Govind began the transformation of Sikhs from a peaceful community to militant fighting community but it was the leadership of Guru Teg Bahadur which made Sikhs a complete political and military force.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Tuluva dynasty ruled Vijayanagara Empire from 1505 to 1570 A.D. Tuluva Narasa Nayaka was the founder of Tuluva dynasty.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Varkari or Warkari (meaning “a pilgrim”) is a sampradaya (religious movement) within the bhakti spiritual tradition of Vaishnavite Hinduism, geographically associated with the Indian state of Maharashtra. Varkaris worship Vitthal (also known as Vithoba), the presiding deity of Pandharpur, regarded as a form of Krishna.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Amir Khusro, the Parrot of India. Amir Khusro is often considered the first Urdu poet. He lived from 1263 to 1325 CE and was a Sufi poet, musician, and scholar and worked in the royals courts of various kings and sultans. He was also called ‘Tut-e-Hind’ (Parrot of India).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Abdul-ul-Qader-Badauni was a great translator and historian of Mughal Era. He was appointed by Mughal Emperor Akbar to his religious offering of Royal Council. Akbar asked him to translate the Ramayana into Persian. It took him four years to complete the task.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Token Currency System was introduced by Muhammad Tughlaq in India. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is known for his active interest in experimenting with the coinage. He implanted his character and activities on his coinage and produced abundant gold coins compared to any of his predecessors.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The two main reasons that led to the conquest of India by Mahmud Ghazni was firstly, to accumulate the vast amount of wealth that existed in India, and secondly, to spread Islam.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ghazni historically known as Ghaznin or Ghazna, is a city in central Afghanistan with a population of around 270,000 people. The city is strategically located along Highway 1, which has served as the main road between Kabul and southern Afghanistan for thousands of years.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The temples of Khajuraho were commissioned by the Rajput rulers of Chandella Dynasty who ruled over central India from the 10th to the 13th Century CE. The temples were built over a period of 100 years and it is believed that each Chandela ruler commissioned at least one temple in the complex during his lifetime.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Kailasa temple (Cave 16) is one of the 34 cave temples and monasteries known collectively as the Ellora Caves. Its construction is generally attributed to the eighth century Rashtrakuta king Krishna I ( r . c. 756 – 773).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ellora, built by Rashtrakutas is located 29 km North-West of Aurangabad in Maharashtra. It is one of the World Heritage Sites. It is well known for its monumental caves viz. 12 Buddhist (caves 1–12), 17 Hindu Caves (caves 13–29) and 5 Jain Caves (caves 30–34).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The correct chronological order of the Later Mughal Emperors Bahadur Shah-l, Jahandar Shah, Farrukh Siyar, Muhammad Shah. Bahadur Shah, also known as Muhammad Muazzam and Shah Alam was the seventh Mughal emperor of India, ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. Mirza Mu’izz-ud-Din Beig Muhammed Khan, more commonly known as Jahandar Shah, was a Mughal Emperor who ruled for a brief period in 1712–1713. Abu’l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Shah Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar, or Farrukhsiyar, was the Mughal emperor from 1713 to 1719 after he murdered Jahandar Shah. Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah was Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) is a 17th-century mosque in the World Heritage Site of Fatehpur Sikri in India. The Mughal emperor Akbar personally directed the building of the Jāmiʿ Masjid (Great Mosque; 1571), which stretches some 540 feet (165 metres) in length.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Moti Masjid is a white marble mosque inside the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India. The name translates into English as “Pearl Mosque.” Located to the west of the Hammam and close to the Diwan-e-Khas, it was built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb from 1659-1660.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Sultans of Delhi were appointed as Viceroys of the Caliph of Baghdad. The Caliph granted them recognition by way of khilat and khitab.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Simon Commission was a group of 7 MPs from Britain who was sent to India in 1928 to study constitutional reforms and make recommendations to the government. The Commission was originally named the Indian Statutory Commission. It came to be known as the Simon Commission after its chairman Sir John Simon.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Shēr Shāh Sūrī (1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān, was the founder of the Suri Empire in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. An ethnic Afghan Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur’s son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Its architecture is credited to Mirza Ghiyath and its Mughal architectural style has been acclaimed as the “necropolis of the Mughal dynasty” for its double domed elevation provided with Chhatris. Apart from the tomb of Humayun, the funerary also has 150 tombs of various members of the royal family.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Tarikh Yamini, or Kitabu-l Yamini of Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Jabbaru-l ‘Utbi was the author of Kitab-i-Yamini.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Prominent Indian nationalist Lala Lajpat Rai led a protest in Lahore. He suffered a police beating during the protest, and died of his injuries on 17th November,1928.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kitab al-Hind is the result of long years of hard work and Al-Biruni’s perseverance, and in many ways mark a departure from the existing historical and narrative traditions prevalent in the country till then. Unlike the prevalent Puranic traditions of recording the genealogies or the west Asian Tarikh tradition of narrating the political history in a chronological manner, the work is of a very critical nature.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Aurangzeb was a good veena player.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Delhi Sultans are credited with introducing the institution of dalal in India to facilitate commercial transactions on a large scale. The dalals immediately established the dalal system in the whole of India to procure goods meant for export

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the West the work is best known for the enormous illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in about 1562. The Hamzanama contains 46 volumes and has approximately 48000 pages. It is said that Dastaan Ameer Hamza was written in the era of Mahmud of Ghazni.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jahangir had an artistic inclination and during his reign Mughal painting developed further. Brushwork became finer and the colors lighter. Jahangir was also deeply influenced by European painting. During his reign he came into direct contact with the English Crown and was sent gifts of oil paintings, which included portraits of the King and Queen. He encouraged his royal atelier to take up the single point perspective favoured by European artists, unlike the flattened multi-layered style used in traditional miniatures. He particularly encouraged paintings depicting events of his own life, individual portraits, and studies of birds, flowers and animals.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Moti Masjid is a white marble mosque inside the Red Fort complex in Delhi, India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The magnum opus of Chola architecture, the Brihadeeshwara Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva. Astoundingly, it took only about 6 years to build, and the colossal temple was consecrated by Rajaraja I himself in the year 1010 AD. It was orginally called the Peruvudaiyar Temple.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gulbadan Begum (1523-1603) was a Perso-Turkic Princess, the daughter of Emperor Babur. She is most known as the author of Humayun Nama, the account of the life of her brother, Humayun.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Emperor Jahangir built his celebrated Shalimar Bagh, his dream project to please his queen. He enlarged the ancient garden in 1619 into a royal garden and called it ‘Farah Baksh’ (‘the delightful’). He built it for his wife Nur Jahan (‘light of the world’).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, also known as Zafar, died in a British prison in Burma in 1862.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Early Mughals spoke Chaghatay Turkish language. But after Humayun’s exile to persia. Mughals were influenced by Persian Culture and Persian language became the official language of the court and empire.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Rajatarangini (Rājataraṃgiṇī, “The River of Kings”) is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ranthambore Fort lies within the Ranthambore National Park, near the town of Sawai Madhopur, the park being the former hunting grounds of the Maharajahs of Jaipur until the time of India’s Independence. It is a formidable fort having been a focal point of the historical developments of Rajasthan.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ranthambhor was a Rajput fort it was used by Maharjas of Jaipur.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The correct chronological sequence of the following rulers were Iltutmish, Rukhnuddin Firuz, Raziya and Muizuddin Bahram Shah. Shams ud-Din Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. Rukn ud din Firuz was the fourth Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, Mamluk Dynasty. He ruled for a little over six months, which is said to be a very short reign compared to other rulers. Sultana Raziya, attributed as Raziya Sultana, or popularly known as Razia Sultan, was the Sultan of Delhi from 10 October 1236 to 14 October 1240. Muiz ud-Din Bahram was the sixth sultan of the Mamluk Dynasty. He was the son of Shams ud din Iltutmish and the half-brother of Razia Sultan. While his sister was in Bathinda, he declared himself king with the support of forty chiefs.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Darbar-i-Akbari [Muḥammad Ḥusain Āzād] -History of Mogul Empire during the reign of Akbar, Emperor of Hindustan, 1542-1605.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chishti is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India, built during the years 1580 and 1581, along with the imperial complex at Fatehpur Sikri near Zenana Rauza and facing south towards Buland Darwaza, within the quadrangle of the Jama Masjid.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The construction of the five rathas is traced back to the 7th century during the reign of King Mahendravarman I from 600–630 CE and his son Narasimhavarman I from 630–668 AD of the Pallava dynasty. Construction work of the structures stopped after the demise of Narasimhavarman I in 668 AD.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The theory of Din-i-Ilahi was introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar. It is based on Monotheism(believe in one God).(Chief priest : Abul Fazal).The first initiated disciples of Din-i-ilahi during emperor Akbar the Great’s time included Birbal, Prince Salim and Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As per government of India Act-1858, 15 members were appointed to assist the Secretary of State for India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Dadu, the saint had preached non-sectarianism in Medieval times.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The authorship of the text of the Tutinama is credited to Ziya’al-Din Nakhshabi or just Nakhshabi, an ethnic Persian physician and a Sufi saint who had migrated to Badayun, Uttar Pradesh in India in the 14th century, who wrote in the Persian language.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Alai Darwaza is the main gate from the southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in the Qutub Minar complex .Built by Allaudin Khilji the Sultan of Delhi in 1311 AD, the Alai Darwaza has a domed entrance which is constructed using red sandstone and is adorned with white marble.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The tomb of Iltutmish is situated near the Quwat-ul-Islam Mosque inside the Qutub Complex. The Qutub Complex was declared the part of UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993. Monuments present in the Qutub complex are Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Alai Darwaja, the Iron Pillar and the Alai Minar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Chach Nama ‎(“Story of the Chach”), also known as the Fateh nama Sindh (Sindhi:‎ “Story of the conquest of Sindh”), and as Tareekh al-Hind wa a’s-Sind (Arabic:‎ “History of India and Sindh”), is one of the main historical sources for the history of Sindh in the seventh to eighth centuries CE, written in Persian.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Khajuraho Group of Monuments were declared UNESCO world Heritage site in 1986. Nalanda Ruins were declared UNESCO world Heritage site in 2016. Hampi ruins were declared UNESCO world Heritage site in 1986.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Private Audiences, in the Red Fort of Delhi built in 1571 was the place where the Mughal emperor Akbar received courtiers and state guests. It was also known as the Shah Mahal.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque (Might of Islam) (also known as the Qutub Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi) was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty and built using the ruins of 27 temples.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Mansabdari System, as it developed under the Mughals, was a distinctive and unique system. The origins of the Mansabdari system, however, can be traced back to Changez Khan.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Alberuni stayed in Mahmud of Ghazni’s court and wrote the famous Kitab-ul-Hind, an account on India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Shahnameh (“The Book of Kings”, also transliterated Shahnama) is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Firdausi between c. 977 and 1010 CE and is the national epic of Greater Iran.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Asafi Imambara, also known as the large Imambara or Bara Imambara is a mosque complex in Lucknow, India, built by Asaf-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh, in 1784. It is also called the Asafi Imambara.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In Islamic tradition, khums, (literally ‘one fifth’) refers to the required religious obligation of any Muslim to pay one-fifth of their acquired wealth from certain sources toward specified causes. It is treated differently in Shia and Sunni Islam, and it is closely related to ghanima (spoils of war). This tax is paid to the imam, caliph or sultan, representing the state of Islam, for distribution between the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Located 2.2 km in the north-east of Jaunpur, Atala Masjid was built by Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi, the ruler of Jaunpur in the year 1408; although, its foundation was laid in 1377 during the time of Firoz Shah Tughlak III, the Sultan of Delhi.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Parganas, also spelt pergunnah during the time of the Sultanate period, Mughal times and British Raj, is a former administrative unit of the Indian subcontinent, used primarily, but not exclusively, by the Muslim kingdoms. Parganas were introduced by the Delhi Sultanate, and the word is of Persian origin. As a revenue unit, a pargana consists of several mouzas, which are the smallest revenue units, consisting of one or more villages and the surrounding countryside. Subdivisions of parganas were called Mouzas (area, settlements). Under the reign of Sher Shah Suri, administration of parganas was strengthened by the addition of other officers, including a shiqdar (police chief), an amin or munsif (an arbitrator who assessed and collected revenue) and a karkun (record keeper).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Far more than today, women then lived in a man’s world. In peace time they existed within the constraints of religious dogma and ritual, accentuated among the Hindus by the rigid caste system. In war, if they were not slaughtered ― and sometimes they were ― they became the bounty of the victor or were taken into slavery.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : One-third of the average produce was the state share. In this system, the produce was divided between the peasants and the state in fixed proportion.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Kambar (Kamban in casual address) was a medieval Tamil Hindu poet and the author of the Ramavataram, popularly known as Kambaramayanam, the Tamil version of the epic Ramayana. The original version of Ramayana was written by Valmiki.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Akbar claimed divinity for himself because he thought that in a country of many beliefs such as India, the sovereign should not be associated with any one particular religion.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gangaikonda Cholapuram was built during medieval India and was erected as the capital of the Cholas by Rajendra Chola I, the son and successor of Rajaraja Chola, the great Chola who conquered a large area in South India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Sumatra, Kadaram (Kedah in Malaysia), Cambodia and others at the beginning of the 11th century A.D.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The tomb of Jahangir is located at Shahdara Bag (Lahore, Pakistan). The Dilkusha Garden in which he was buried was a “favourite spot” of Jahangir and his wife Nur Jahan, when they lived in Lahore. His son, the new Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, ordered that a “mausoleum befitting an Emperor” should be built in his father’s honour to inter his remains.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, a French jeweller and traveller of the Mughal period has left a detailed account of Takht-i-Taus (Peacock throne). Peacock throne was a dazzling and spectacular display of Mughal architecture. Its construction was undertaken by the Emperor Shah Jahan and he personally spent a great deal of time and energy in the designing of the Throne.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : After the death of Aurangzeb, came his son Bahadur Shah-I, and his succession- Farrukhsiyar, Rafi-ud-Darajat, Shah Jahan-II and then came Muhammad Shah. Under his patronage, the Mughal Empire was continuously declining in its powers and was becoming vulnerable, ultimately resulting to the Mughal-Maratha war. Meanwhile, the Persian forces saw their chance to invade. In February 1739, The Persian forces with Nadir Shah Afshar as their leader captured Delhi. However they left the city in May 1739, But taking with them, the precious Peacock Throne as the trophy of victory. Hence, Muhammad Shah is said to be the last Mughal Emperor who sat on the Peacock throne.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The temples’ origins have been obscured by time, lack of complete written records, and storytelling. Englishman D. R. Fyson, a long-time resident of Madras (now Chennai), wrote a concise book on the city titled Mahabalipuram or Seven Pagodas, which he intended as a souvenir volume for Western visitors. In it, he states that the Pallava King Narasimharavarman I either began or greatly enlarged upon Mahabalipuram, circa 630. Archaeological evidence has not yet clearly proven whether Narasimharavarman I’s city was the earliest to inhabit this location.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : It is interesting to note that the largest number of Persian works on classical Indian music were written during Aurangzeb’s reign. Aurangzeb himself was proficient in playing the Veena.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Chahalgani was the system of nobles introduced by Iltutmish in India during Mamluk rule in India. It was a corp of 40 loyal slaves Amirs also known as Turkan-i-Chihalgani.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jahanpanah was the fourth medieval city of Delhi established in 1326–1327 by Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1321–51), of the Delhi Sultanate. To address the constant threat of the Mongols, Tughlaq built the fortified city of Jahanpanah (meaning in Persian: “Refuge of the World”) subsuming the Adilabad fort that had been built in the 14th century and also all the establishments lying between Qila Rai Pithora and Siri Fort. Neither the city nor the fort has survived. Many reasons have been offered for such a situation. One of which is stated as the idiosyncratic rule of Mohammed bin Tughlaq when inexplicably he shifted the capital to Daulatabad in the Deccan and came back to Delhi soon after.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The sultans of Tughlaq dynasty ruled for the longest time (between 1320-1414).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The significant world heritage sites in the country include Taj Mahal, Agra Fort, Humayun’s Tomb, Red Fort, Qutab Minar archaeological complex, rock shelters of Bhimbetka, Khajuraho and the Hampi monument clusters.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque (Might of Islam) (also known as the Qutub Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi) was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty and built using the ruins of 27 temples.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The most appropriate cause for the failure of Raziya was her intention to be the ruler not only in name but also in fact.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Akbar declared or issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his own hands. This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the dominance of Ulema. It was written by Faizi in 1579.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Balban was the first who introduced the famous Persian Festival of Nauroz.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The sun saint who maintained that devotional music was one way of coming close to God was Muin-ud-din Chishti.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Chauth (from Sanskrit meaning one-fourth) was a regular tax or tribute imposed, from early 18th century, by the Maratha Empire in India. It was an annual tax nominally levied at 25% on revenue or produce, hence the name. It was levied on the lands which were under nominal Mughal rule.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Forty a select body of Turkish nobles was created by Iltutmish for better and effective administration. But after Iltutmish, the members of the Forty enjoyed unlimited power due to his weak and incompetent successors.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Pietre dure is an Italian plural meaning “hard rocks” or hardstones; the singular pietra dura is also encountered in Italian. In Italian, but not in English, the term embraces all gem engraving and hardstone carving, which is the artistic carving of three-dimensional objects in semi-precious stone, normally from a single piece, for example in Chinese jade. The traditional convention in English has been to use the singular pietra dura just to denote multi-colored inlay work.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The defeat of Hemu, a c. 1590s painting by Kankar of the Second Battle of Panipat taken from the Akbarnama. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on November 5, 1556, between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the king at Delhi and forces of Emperor Akbar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Akbar started the construction of his tomb at Sikandara during his reign. It is located at Sikandra, in the suburbs of Agra, on the Mathura road (NH2), 8 km west-northwest of the city center.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra is a mosque in the Ajmer city of Rajasthan, India. It was commissioned by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, on orders of Muhammad Ghori, in 1192 CE. It was completed in 1199 CE, and further beautified by Iltutmish of Delhi in 1213 CE.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Sheesh Mahal (The Glass palace) is inside the Agra Fort. It was built by Shahjahan for royal bath and dressing. The mirrors used in the Mahal were brought from Halebs in Alleppo, Syria. Shahjahan built The Khas Mahal also known as ‘Amangarh-i-Mualla (the holy resting place) at Agra Fort.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Kovvali was a popular novelist of Telugu language in the early 20th century. He is one of the most prolific writer of modern Telugu language. His complete name is Kovvali Lakshmi Narasimha Rao (1912–1975), born in Tanuku. He wrote about thousand Novels, which is a record not surpassed by any Telugu writer till now.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Moti Masjid (translation: Pearl Mosque) in Agra was built by Shah Jahan. During the rule of Shah Jahan the Mughal emperor, numerous architectural wonders were built, the most famous of them being the Taj Mahal. Moti Masjid earned the epithet Pearl Mosque for it shone like a pearl.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Padmavat (or Padmawat) is an epic poem written in 1540 by Sufi poet Malik Muhammad Jayasi, who wrote it in the Hindustani language of Awadhi, and originally in the Persian Nastaʿlīq script. It is the oldest extant text among the important works in Awadhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Due to a quarrel with the Rana of Amarkot, Humayun had to flee from there and at last he reached Persia. The Persian king Shah Tahmasp gave him military help to conquer Kabul and Kandahar from from his brother Kamran. Later on Humayun defeated the weakened Afghan forces of Sikander Sur and occupied Agra and Delhi in 1555.