NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 5
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Travel and Tourism Introduction

INTRODUCTION

THE TRAVEL AGENT’S NIGHTMARE

Question 1.

Two couples, Mr. and Mrs. apple and Mr. and Mrs. Banana, are going on individual vacations. One person wants to fly on Kathmandu, one to London, one to Frankfurt, and one to Hong kong.

Of these four, only two can fly on a weekend.

One of those two is going to London.

One woman wants to fly to Hong kong on a weekend. Her husband wants to go to Kathmandu. Mrs. Banana must leave on a weekday.

1. Where does Mrs. Banana want to go ?

(a) Kathmandu
(b) London
(c) Frankfurt
(d) Hongkong

2. Where and when does Mr. Banana want to go ?

(a) to London on a weekend
(b) to Kathmandu on a weekend
(c) to Frankfurt on a weekend
(d) to Hong Kong on a weekday
(e) to London on a weekday

3. Who wants to fly to Kathmandu ?

(a) Mrs. Banana
(b) Mr. Banana
(c) Mrs. Apple
(d) Mr. Apple

Answer:

1. → (c)
2. → (o)
3. → (d)

Note :

1. Mr. Apple wants to fly to Kathmandu on a weekday.
2. Mr. Banana wants to fly to London on a weekend.
3. Mrs. Banana wants to go to Frankfurt on a weekday.
4. Mrs. Apple wants to go to Hong kong on a weekend.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Geological Heritage
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 5 Geological Heritage

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Working to save a Geological Heritage

Question 1.
Look at the photograph given below. This is The Three Stooges, a bizarre rock formation that can be found in Goblin Valley. There are some exceptionally unique rock formations all over the world.

A. Why do you feel such geological structures should be preserved?

(a) _______________________________________
(b) _______________________________________
(c) _______________________________________

Answer:

(a) They reflect our glorious past.
(b) They are our national heritage.
(c) They can be places of tourists’ attraction.

B. What are the threats to such structures ?

(a) _______________________________________
(b) _______________________________________
(c) _______________________________________

Answer:

(a) Global warming
(b) Natural disasters
(c) Weathering and erosion.
(d) Using stones or rocks as building material in towns and cities.

Question 2.
The box below contains ten words from the passage. Use them appropriately to fill the blanks in the sentences that follow :

1. While food production has shown only marginal improvement, the demand for food grains, vegetables and fruits has registered an ______ growth the world over, forcing governments to initiate urgent measures to establish a balance between supply and demand.

2. To construct the ______ structure, the builder had to use enormous quantities of concrete.

3. When he returned from the office, he ______ himself in an armchair and asked for a cup of tea.

4. When the teacher saw a student perched ______ on the branch of a tree, she asked him to climb down immediately.

5. The newly appointed office assistant earned the praise of her colleagues for the ______ with which she completed the tasks assigned to her.

6. The new office building was ______ with its bright and fashionable exterior.

7. The pensioner did not get his dues in time on account of the ______ of the officials.

8. The land ______ the post office was procured by the authorities for expanding the building that housed it.

9. Merchants stock up on goods during festival seasons to meet the ______ demand and declare discounts when the sales slacken.

10. During wars armies dig up ______ passages for the movement of troops and supplies unseen by the enemy.

Answer:

1. exponential
2. mammoth
3. ensconced
4. precariously
5. alacrity
6. snazzy
7. apathy
8. abutting
9. booming
10. subterranean

Question 3.
On the basis of your comprehension of the text fill in the following table.
Answer:

(a) Importance of rocks

Aesthetic importance :

(a) True heritage of Hyderabad
(b) Fascinating shapes
(c) Mind-capturing

Ecological importance :

(a) Helpful in formation of lakes and ponds
(b) Create natural drainage system of the area
(c) Preserve and nurture bio-diversity and ecological balance

(b) Threats to the geological heritage.

Causes

1. Expansion of cities
2. Illegal and indiscriminate quarrying

Effects

1. Depletion of green cover, flora and fauna.
2. Depletion of underground water table.

(c) The hope

(i) The efforts of ‘Society to Save Rocks’ led to ……….
the addition of nine rock formations in Regulation No. 13 of Hyderabad Urban Development Authority for the protection of Heritage Buildings Precincts.

(i.i) Challenge to the efforts of‘Society to Save Rocks’ comes in the form of …………..
indifference and apathy of government to conserve rocks as well as conflict between development and protection in the city.

(ii) Individuals have made efforts to preserve the heritage by ………….
integrating rocks by the side of their houses into the structures of their homes and interiors.

Question 4.
Select a historical site in need of conservation, research about its historical significance, identify the threatening factors and suggest ways of preserving the geological heritage. Prepare a power point presentation and make a presentation to the class. (This can be done in groups)

Answer:

POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON RAM SETHU

• Image Taken by NASA
• Published in Daily Hindustan

Ram Sethu

• Space images taken by NASA reveal a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka. The recently discovered bridge currently named as Adam’s Bridge is made of chain of shoals, c. 18 mi (30 km) long.

Historical Significance :

• The bridge’s unique curvature and composition by age reveals that it is man-made. The legends as well as Archaeological studies reveal that the first signs of human inhabitants in Sri Lanka date back to the primitive age, about 1,750,000 years ago and the bridge’s age is also almost equivalent.

Sri Rama and history of Ram Sethu

• Sri Ram was born three yugas ago as per Hindu religious books, so there could be places of the era of Sri Ram. The fact that there was a monument built during the era of Sri Ram was very heartening and encouraging.

Contemporary Researches :

• Geological Survey of India (GSI) has sent a team of scientists to Rameswaram to confirm the authenticity of the picture of RAM SETHU taken by NASA.
• The GSI team, having reached Rameswaram, Dhanushkodi and studying the place shown in the picture, confirmed the underwater formation of rocks attached to each other and described those rocks as old as one lakh years. For further study and excavation, they proposed a detailed project involving marine and scientific assistance and a budget of ₹ 100 crore.

Threatening Factors and Efforts to protect the Ram Sethu

• The news that Sethusamundram Project will be implemented by destroying Ram Sethu is like a severe jolt to us all.
• People and many NGO’s are launching movements against the Sethusamudram Project all over India.
• Every effort is being done to Protect Ram Sethu.
• The destruction of Ram Sethu is not only an insult to Indian culture, but it will also deprive lakhs of fishermen of their livelihood.
• We will have to fight for the cause of protection of Ram Sethu using our united powers.

Question 5.
Prepare a poster on ‘Let’s Preserve Our Heritage’
Remember

• to include both textual and graphic elements
• to make it easy to read
• to make it easy to understand
• to try for :
  20% text
  40% graphics
  40% empty space

Answer:

Students to prepare a poster keeping in mind the above and using the above information. One is given on the next page.

POSTER 

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 5 Geological Heritage, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 4
Chapter Name	A Tale of Three Villages
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Now that you have each read one of the stories above, first complete the appropriate column of the table below. When you have done that, ask the other two students in your group about the stories you have not read. For example, ask “In which country did your story take place ? What type of pollution is there ?” When it is your turn to give information, only do so when the other two students ask you questions. As you receive the answer, complete the other two columns.
Answer:

	D.1	D.2	D.3
Country	Nigeria	India	Ukraine
Cause(s) of pollution	poisonous chemicals in drums	tanneries	explosion in Chernobyl nuclear power station
Who is responsible ?	factories in Italy	leather factory owners	government; maintenance engineers
Consequences	13 people died	soil pollution ; crops cannot grow; nearest fuel 10 km away	many deaths; mass evacuation; barren fields no bird activity
What do you think should be done to solve the problem ?	—stop developed countries from dumping poisonous chemicals into developing countries in the name of export. —resettle the people from Koko Village elsewhere.	tanneries required to treat dangerous chemicals before discharge into the streams, tanneries to instal devices to purify smoke at the source before spewing out into the atmosphere	stop using nuclear power

Question 2.
Work in groups of three, and answer the following questions :

Koko Village, Nigeria

• Why do you think there are “three large, empty metal drums” outside Mr. Nana’s front door ?
• Why do you think the drums were sent from Italy to Nigeria ?
• What do you think was in the brown paper bag that the Chief received ?
• Why are the drums referred to as “the mountain of death” ?

Answer:

• Perhaps Mr. Nana brought them there, planning to use them for some domestic purposes or his children rolled them there.
• The drums were sent from Italy to Nigeria because it is easier dumping chemical in Nigeria than in Italy. Secondly, because, perhaps, the factory owners were not allowed to dump them there in Italy.
• It was money.
• They are referred to as “the mountain of death” because they are piled on top of each other very high-like a mountain. They are a sure and definite source of causing death.

Ponnimanthuri Village, India

• Vijayasama and the narrator both refer many times to “they”. Who do you think “they” are ?
• Why do you think the women of the village have to walk 10 km everyday ?
• Why does Vijayasama say: “We don’t buy leather shoes or leather handbags or leather clothes” ?

Answer:

• They are the factory owners.
• The women of the village have to walk 10 km everyday to find wood for fuel and/or get clean drinking water.
• Vijayasama says it because the villagers do not at all benefit from having the tanneries nearby. They (the villagers) are poor and cannot afford to buy leather shoes, leather handbags or leather clothes. Perhaps, they don’t need them at all seeing the poor and miserable life they lead.

Vorobyov Village, Ukraine

• Why do you think Natasha’s three children died ?
• Where do you think Natasha lives now ?
• What do you think is going to happen to Natasha very soon ? Why ?

Answer:

• Natasha’s three children died because of radiation poisoning.
• She now lives in Moscow.
• Natasha is going to die soon.
• She is poisoned by radiation.

Question 3.
Still working in groups of three, find any ten “happy” words and ten “unhappy” words from the passages you have just read. First, copy and complete the table below :

Note : Students to select 10 words, as asked for.

	“happy” words	“unhappy” words
Koko village, Nigeria	picturesque, colourful stream, playful, smiling, brightest	skull and crossbones symbol, corroded, slimy… leaking out, badly, fallen down, smoking, swelling, bursting, mad, poisonous, frowning, troubled, died, pain, terrible pain, deaths, sick
Ponnimanthuri Village, India	green, good, jobs, rich, grow, rivers	wistfully, monsters, spluttered, anger, ominous- looking, black, shroud, thick, black, smoke, silent, chemicals, arsenic, discharged polluting, poison dumped, ulcers, sores, tailed off
Vorobyov Village, Ukraine	birthday, lovely, warm, played, laughing, chewed, neighed	explosion, worry, white smoke, nervously, tears slid, pinched, pale, radioactive dust, vomit, hair fell out, thin, sores, died, broke down, cried, bur­ied, ghost, barren

Now give reasons why you have classified them as “happy” and “unhappy” words.

Answer:

This activity is meant to be done at class level.

‘Happy’ and ‘unhappy’ words are mainly due to their corresponding situations. The same thing occurs here.

Question 4.
The Ecological Footprint

The situation is not hopeless. There are lots of things we can do to reduce our impact on the planet ! Fill in the worksheet given below to measure your ecological footprint.

My Ecological Footprint
Worksheet : Measure Your Impact

Answer:

Activity	Resource(s)	Low	Usage   Medium & High
Brushing my teeth	Water	1
Having a bath	Water, soap, shampoo		2
Commuting to school	Bus, car			3
Watching Television	T.V.			3
Visiting Friends	Public trans­port, car		2
Using computer	Computer, electricity		2
Using Fans/Air conditioners/Coolers	equipment, electricity			3
Cooking	L.P.G., electricity			3
Entertainment	T.V., cinema		2
Subtotals (add up each column and write the subtotals in the boxes)		1	8	12
Total Score (add all the subtotals)	21

Score : 21 (beginning of the stage Dumping Dinosaur)

The above Table has been filled as desired. Rating is : Dumping Dinosaur Besides this, another new table in answer to question 1 under Instructions has also been given.

Resource(s)	Usage
	Low	Medium	High
1. Water, soap, shampoo towel, underwear etc.	—	2	—
2. transport like bus, car, auto, van using petrol, operators resulting in wear and tear	—	—	—
3. television, cable connection T.V. sky (DTH) with technology manpower etc.		2
4. transport used with associated resources	—	2	—
5. Computer, Internet (all associated technology)	—	2	—
6. Fans/ACs/coolers + electricity, water (resources used in generating electricity, cables transmission etc.)	—	—	3
7. Fuel in the form of LPG, electricity utensils, raw food, vegetables etc.	—	—	3
8. Cinema, T.V., sky-T.V., playing, visiting Zoos, Parks, tourist destinations, clubs discotheques etc + manpower coupled with infrastructure, electricity, gadgets etc.	—	—	3
9.	2	10	9
10.	21

Score : 21 (beginning of the stage Dumping Dinosaur)

Question 5.
How could you improve your score ?
How could you improve your score ? Also reflect on the ways in which the waste produced in carrying out some of the activities above is disposed of

My Ecological Footprint
Worksheet: How could you improve your score ?

What changes could you make in your daily activities at school and at home to improve your score ? Use the table below to write down ways of using less energy, less water and making less waste.

Use Less Energy	Use Less Water	Make Less Waste
Turn off the light when there is no one in the classroom or bedroom (a)	Don’t leave the water running when brushing (b)	Put the rubbish in the recycling bins (c)

Answer:

Use Less Energy	Use Less Water	Make Less Waste
Turn off the light when there is no one in the classroom or bedroom (a) — using public transport instead of personal one — using computer only when it is necessary — using energy saving utensils like pressure cooker — using TV for less time	Don’t leave the water running when brushing (b) — using water necessary for cooking — taking a bath in showers — no car wash, only dry-cleaning with one bucket — water harvesting —  using showers for watering the plants if grown in kitchen garden —  kitchen waste water to be used for irrigating plants in flower pots etc.	Put the rubbish in the recycling bins (c) — using cyclable material only — no use of plastic bags — using shopping bags made of jute or cloth — old clothes, shoes etc,to be donated

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 4 A Tale of Three Villages, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 3 Let’s Clean up are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 3 Let’s Clean up.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Let’s Clean up
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 3 Let’s Clean up

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Read the inputs given as I and II and have a class discussion on ‘Food Wastage’.

Answer:

Mainly for discussion at class level. A sample of how the discussion is to proceed is given below.

Teacher : Students, all of you know how much food goes into waste during wedding parties. What do you say about it ?

Student A : Some guests fill their plates with various food items that they cannot eat. They realize it later and discard the food in the bins.

Student B : I know many people who say it’s a status symbol to leave food in the plate.

Student C : One thing that I find surprising is that these people are already having enough. They do not think of those who barely manage a single meal.

Student D : It has been rightly said, ‘Generosity is not in serving food ; generosity is in serving food to those who are hungry.’

Student E : There should be a law to check the rampant wastage of food in lavish wedding parties and celebrations.

Student A : Yes, in most marriages, the wastage of food is really very much. The half- eaten food items that are costly can be seen in the dustbins or on the floor.

Teacher : Food wastage is more of a habit than practice especially in children.

Student F : In ruy opinion, parents should be watchful enough to guide their children about the proper amount of food they should take. They should be taught not to waste food at all. They should take only those foods items that they can eat.

Student B : The best way to save food is to take spoonfuls of each dish to taste and decide which are to be taken more. They shouldn’t fill the plate with every food item and then discard it all in the bins.

Student G : I feel, it is the responsibility of the guests to help the size of the servings according to their appetite.

Teacher : Yes, so dear students, there are millions who go to bed without a morsel. The left over food in marriages can feed thousands of hungry people. Food inflation is going high. Everyone should try to save food at home also.

Student H : I have heard of BIOTECH of Kerala. It has succeeded in tackling the problem of waste food being dumped in the streets. This has been done by setting up biogas plants that use the food waste to produce gas for cooking.

Teacher : It is an excellent idea but we all should think of 3R’s of food —
‘Reduce wastage.’
‘Reuse wastage.’
‘Recycle waste food.’

All :We have learnt a lot that we should not waste food. We should save every grain and every morsel and try to follow good food habits. Thank you Madam.

Question 2.
Punctuate the passage given below :

what exactly is waste waste is anything discarded, rejected, or otherwise released into the environment in a manner that could have an impact on that environment how can we help we can help by practicing the three rs of waste management reduce reuse and recycle it has been estimated that every ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees 7000 gallons of water 4100 kilowatt hour of energy and three cubic yards of landfill space how does reduce and reuse help reducing consumption is decreasing waste whereas the reuse of products such as recyclable plastics prevents the need for excess production of these exact same plastics hence the emission released from factories is lessened recycled products also take less energy to produce

Answer:

What exactly is waste ? Waste is anything discarded, rejected, or otherwise released into the environment in a manner that could have an impact on that environment. How can we help ? We can help by practising the three R’s of waste management : reduce, reuse and recycle. It has been estimated that every ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees, 7000 gallons of water, 4100 kilowatt hour of energy and three cubic yards of Landfill space. How does reduce and reuse help ? Reducing consumption is decreasing waste whereas the reuse of products such as recyclable plastics prevents the need for excess production of these exact same plastics. Hence, the emission released from factories is lessened. Recycled products also take less energy to produce.

Question 3.
With the help of the inputs given below, write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper on the colossal wastage of food in the lavish Indian weddings.

Answer:

129, HBC ,
Faridabad
22 September, 20 – –
The Editor
The Daily Times
New Delhi
Sir

Subject: Wastage of food in Indian Weddings

Through this letter, I want to draw attention of all concerned to the colossal wastage of food in the lavish Indian weddings. Wedding is a special occasion for Indians. Money is spent lavishly on this occasion on clothes, decoration, banquets and above all on food by the host. The more the items are, the better the celebrations are. Host’s hospitality is judged by the food served on unlimited occasions and ceremonies such as Mehndi, D.J. Night and Wedding day. I will not be wrong if I say Indians spend life’s savings on weddings of their son or daughter.

Surprisingly, wedding market in India is approximately ₹ 1,50,000 crores per year. It has been rightly said that the guests eat less and waste more in the marriages. Ironically, India also hosts one of the biggest armies of starving people in the world. Millions of people hardly get a meal per day in India. Is it India ? If all the people of India observe a fast every week, it can feed the millions of starving people.

It is high time that we should think of it, think of the wastage of food as well as . hard-earned money. It is the responsibility of the guests to limit the size of the servings according to their appetite. Instead of filling the plate with every dish, the guests may take spoonfuls of each food item to taste first and decide how much to take. The host must avoid extravagance in the wedding and preparing the maximum number of food items. A big sum of money can be saved by avoiding show-off and by arranging simple marriage parties.

I urge you to issue a special supplement on this issue to awaken the masses. This will bring a change in their thinking and attitude towards wastage of food as well as money in marriages.

Thanking you in anticipation.
Yours faithfully
Samarth Chhabra
(A Concerned Citizen)

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 3 Let’s Clean up help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 3 Let’s Clean up, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 2 Heroes of the Environment are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 2 Heroes of the Environment.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Heroes of the Environment
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 2 Heroes of the Environment

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Read the following Newspaper story :
Answer:
Sherpa to clean Mount Everest

Question 2.
On the basis of your reading of the news story, complete the following table after a group discussion.

Adverse environmental effects of tourism and adventure sports.	Personal conquests seem to be more important than preserving the integrity of a natural site. (a) ……………………………………………… (b) ……………………………………………… (c) ……………………………………………… (d) ………………………………………………
Ways to prevent it	Charge high climbing fees (e) ……………………………………………… (f) ……………………………………………… (g) ……………………………………………… (h) ………………………………………………

Answer:

(a) leaving behind trash and
(b) climbing equipment
(c) food containers, eg, tins, plastics, glass, clothes, tents
(d) dead bodies
(e) checking what is being carried and what is to be brought back after being used
(f) fixing personal responsibility for keeping the leftovers with the self
(g) charging high penalty for breaking rules framed
(h) banning climbing if found guilty of breach of rules.

Question 3.
Now imagine you are in charge of a Mountaineering Expedition to Mount Everest. You have to address the first time climbers. Write the instructions that you would give to the climbers on keeping the track clean besides giving instructions on safety measures. Instruct how they can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming, “The highest junkyard in the world”.

Answer:

1. (c) Simple Present
2. (a) At the beginning of a sentence or a clause
3. (b) Mixed length
4. (a) So that the reader can understand more easily
5. (b) The order in which the instructions have to be carried out
6. (b) Yes.

ADDRESS TO THE FIRST-TIME CLIMBERS

Gentlemen

Being Incharge of the Mountaineering Expedition to Mount Everest, I welcome you all to this world’s most arduous climb. I presume that you do not need any extra instructions, guidance and advice. However, I would expect you all to take a special care of a few things. These are like keeping the track clean and guarding yourself against eventual dangers. These safety measures as well as keeping the track clean will make the climb for the next generation an enjoyable adventure sport. First how to keep the track clean :

To keep the Track Clean :

1. Don’t throw the trash on the track or to its sides.
2. Plastics, food wrappers, empty tins, aluminium cans, glass, papers, etc, should be put in a separate bag and brought back.
3. Anything that is not per: sh able should not be left behind. You know these things don’t rot and add to the spoiling of the place.
4. Kitchen waste, if any, while cooking in the tents must also not be left on the track.
5. Anything that adds to the ugliness of the place should not be thrown anywhere.

On Safety Measures :

1. You know, safety counts the most important. Wear your woollen gear as per the specifications for climbing tie Everest.
2. Take all the necessary equipments with you as per the climbing manual.
3. Ropes, snow axes, knife, gloves etc, that form a part of the climbing equipment should be used very judiciously.
4. Crevices in the snow may face you. Be very vigilant as it takes seconds to lose one’s life if one ignores them. Double check everything before starting the most difficult climb.
5. Various gadgets like wireless sets, batteries and other communication equipments should be checked to be in perfect working order.
6. Don’t forget to give an SOS in case you fall into a dangerous situation

How you can contribute in preventing the Everest from becoming ‘The Highest junkyard in the World’

I have already invited your attention on how to keep the track clean. You all must ensure that no wrappers of food items, tins, plastics, bottles, food items or leftovers of anything must be thrown. In fact, no trace that you ever pitched your tents should be seen. It is in your own hands to keep the track and Mount Everest neat, clean and unspoilt. The leftovers, if any, must be brought back down. I hope you’ll cooperate in this public cause.

Thanks a lot.

Question 4.
How to design a Poster ?
Design a poster for promoting cleanliness in the surroundings of your colony.

On the basis of this, design a poster urging mountaineers to preserve the pristine glory of the mountainsides. Work in groups of 4-5.
Answer:
Students to design a poster on their own as directed. One version is given below :

Question 5.
Wangari Maathai started the green Belt Movement and also fought for equal rights for women in Africa. She is the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Read the excerpts from her interview with NHK Radio (Japan).
Answer:
See the summary and word notes in the beginning of the chapter.

Question 6.
Based on your reading of Wangari Maathai’s interview answer the following questions :

1. Complete the tree of environment :
   
   
2. How does Wangari Maathai explain the essential components of development ? Label and explain the analogy of the stool.
3. What changes in the environment had Wangari Maathai noticed after growing up ?
4. What is the importance of indigenous flora and fauna ?
5. How did the campaign to save environment lead to the empowerment of women ?
6. What transformation did Wangari Maathai see in people and the environment ?

Answer:

1.

(a) food, firewood, building material, water
(b) the environment was degraded
(c) environment needed to be rehabilitated
(d) water, food etc
(e) climate change, lack of water, ground water not charging
(f) help in the rehabilitating of the forests
(g) loss of rain, climate change and change in weather patterns
(h) shortage of water
(i) a change of rainfall patterns
(J) supporting communities
(k) peace all over the world
(l) equitable distribution of natural resources

2.

3. All the flora and fauna had disappeared. Forests which were the water towers were no longer able to contain the water. Weather patterns changed and rain became less.

4. Indigenous flora and fauna ensure forests which act as water towers. These prevent soil-erosion and contain the water from flowing into the sea. Local biological diversity is well protected by the indigenous flora and fauna.

5. Women responded to Maathai’s call to plant more and more trees. They soon understood the importance as they could sell the trees after five or ten years. This provided them with the necessary income. With that they got confidence, a sense of pride, of dignity. This amounted to empowering them.

6. The women planted trees. They sold them after five or ten years. This gave them income, sense of pride and dignity. This gave them power. Besides this the landscape was transformed. Birds and rabbits came back and made the environment beautiful.

Question 7.
Match the ‘environment words’ with their meanings.

Words	Meanings
(a) ecology	(i) A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural resources.
(b) habitat	(ii) The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur.
(c) herpetologist	(iii) The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
(d) extinct	(iv) Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
(e) aquifer	(v) A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living.
(f) naturalist	(vi) A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
(g) biodiversity	(vii) Having no living representative.
(h) mangrove	(viii) An underground geological formation, containing water.
(i) conservationist	(ix) A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.

Answer:

(a) → (iii)
(b) → (v)
(c) → (vi)
(d) → (vii)
(e) → (viii)
(f) → (ix)
(g) → (ii)
(h) → (iv)
(i) → (i)

Question 8.
Identify an area in India that needs efforts on a war footing to conserve the bio system. On the model of Wangari Maathai’s efforts, prepare in groups a power point presentation covering the environmental problem, causes, effects and solutions. Each student in the group should present a part of the presentation.
Answer:
Classroom activity. Students to prepare in groups a power point presentation covering the environmental problem, causes, effects and solution. The following information shall help them a lot in this effort.

Area identified that needs efforts to conserve the biosystem

Question 9.
After reading the interview ofWangari Maathai, you are inspired and motivated to do a summer training under her at one of the Research Stations. Write an email to Wangari Maathai. In your mail describe Wangari’s influence on you and your desire to work under her and why you should be given a chance to work under her.

Answer:

Date : 24 October, 20 – –
From : [email protected]
To : [email protected]
Subject : Summer Training at a Research Station

Dear Ms Maathai

I am pleased to introduce myself as a great fan of yours. I have read your interview to NHK Radio, Japan and feel greatly inspired. I feel motivated to do a summer training under you at one of the Research Stations.

I am a nature lover and feel greatly pained at the denudation and deforestation almost everywhere. It pains me much to see trees being cut for widening of the roads. It is shocking to see that fertile land is being taken over for commercial purposes. Forests and flora and fauna are disappearing causing weather changes, drop in rainfall and depletion in the ground water table. Wetlands and other water bodies are drying up. I fear for the coming of desertification in areas where there used to be lush green forests once. Not many water harvesting efforts are taken in hands. As a consequence, global warming is showing its painful face. If this goes on, we may soon face the pricking of famines, droughts etc. Food, fodder, fuel, timber wood etc, would not be in plenty. It will result in various problems that might threaten the human life.

I have a keen desire to work under you and to learn how we can rehabilitate the forests and bring back the biodiversity. I personally feel that the scene which you saw before starting your Movement is available here. If we do not take any action, the situation may worsen more. Precisely speaking, I find the force of your movement most appropriate in whatever I wish to do to rehabilitate our environment.

Thanking you

Regards : Yours sincerely
Praveen

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 2 Heroes of the Environment help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 2 Heroes of the Environment, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 1 Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 1 Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Chapter 1 Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
The author of the article had made the following sub headings, but they got mixed up. Re-order them in the correct sequence, and write the number(s) of the paragraphs that would come under each sub heading.

(а) The network of rainforest research stations
(b) Whitaker’s achievements
(c) People support
(d) Whitaker’s love for nature, his vision and ambition
(e) The Agumbe station
(f) Water shortage and the need to save rainforests
(g) Becoming a conservationist

Answer:

Question 2.
On the basis of your reading of the above article choose the correct option to complete the following statements :

1. Romulus Whitaker was able to pursue his dream because

(a) he was determined
(b) of his fascination with nature
(c) he didn’t have a regular job
(d) he was sympathetic

2. Romulus’s ambition was to

(a) save reptiles and frogs
(b) establish rainforest research stations
(c) start a water conservation project
(d) create awareness about the king cobra

3. Whitaker was able to fulfill his ambition with the help of

(a) his friends and colleagues
(b) Whitley award money
(c) Rolex award money
(d) his personal savings

4. Whitaker evolved from a Naturalist to Conservationist because he realized that

(a) Naturalists get obsessed with animals
(b) It was the requirement of Rolex award
(c) Conservationist has more importance than naturalist
(d) Animals cannot be saved without saving their habitat

5. According to Whitaker the most serious threat facing the humanity is

(a) Forest clearance
(b) Drying of rivers
(c) Water shortage
(c) Climate change

6. The mission ofAgumbe research station is to

(a) Educate children
(b) Play host to Researchers, Journalists and Naturalists
(c) Sustainable development of forest products
(d) All the above

Answer:

1. (b) of his fascination with nature
2. (b) establish rainforest research stations
3. (b) Whitley award money
4. (d) Animals cannot be saved without saving their habitat
5. (c) Water shortage
6. (d) All the above

Question 3.
The dwindling forest cover not only threatens the habitat of millions of species but also endangers water reserves. On the basis of the above article and the visual input given, write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your concern about the threat to the bio reserves.
(a) No Questions asked
(b) Threat to animals

	Not Endangered	Vulnerable Endangered	Endangered	Critically Endangered
Fish	50%	20%	10%	20%
Amphibians	70%	10%	12%	8%
Reptiles	40%	30%	17%	13%
Birds	90%	5%	3%	2%
Mammals	75%	10%	8%	7%

Answer:

15 L, Model Town
Rohtak
17 November, 20 – –
The Editor
The Daily Times
New Delhi

Subject: Dwindling forest cover—a threat to the bio reserves

Dear Sir

Kindly publish the following views of mine in the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily.

It is a fact that forest cover all over the world is fast dwindling. For instance, during 2000-2005 more than 4 million acres of forests disappeared ; 3.9 to 5,00,00 acres have also gone forever.

The dwindling forest cover resulted in a serious threat to various animals. For instance, 50% fish stand threatened. 20% of them are vulnerable to being endangered ; 10% endangered and 20% critically endangered. Amphibians, to the extent of 70%, are not endangered. But 30% of them do stand endangered. 12% of them are endangered ; 8% critically endangered and 10% are vulnerable to being endangered. Regarding reptiles, 60% stand endangered. 30% are vulnerable to being endangered, 17% are endangered and 13% critically endangered. 10% birds stand endangered and 25% mammals are threatened.

Dwindling forest reserves are a potent danger to food, fodder, timber, water etc. Soil erosion takes place. Flora and fauna disappears which causes the flow of water direct to the oceans and not into the ground. This doesn’t recharge the ground water table. Most importantly, there is a threat of droughts, famines etc, and scarcity of rain. Weather patterns have changed due to global warming. These effects have started showing their results in the form of climate change and consequent problems. This has forced the world countries to seriously think about conservation of forests and other means.

Forests are the sustainable sources of keeping biodiversity intact. So their disappearance means threat to humanity. Therefore, they need to be generated to rehabilitate the environment and ecosystem.

Yours faithfully
Bhupinder Singh

Question 4.
Romulus Whitaker has been awarded the Whitley Award for his work towards conservation of nature. He is in town for a press conference. Choose a student for the Hot Seat-to role play Whitaker. Divide the class into three groups; one group of students will be responsible for interviewing Whitaker. The second group will note down the interaction and the third group will issue a report for the class newsletter.
Answer:
Classroom activity. Class is to be divided into three groups. One student to role play Whitaker. One group of students to interview Whitaker. The second group will note down the interaction (at this press conference). The third group to issue a report for the class newsletter.

Students of one group to put the following questions to ‘Mr. Whitaker’.

I. Questions

1. Well, Mr. Whitaker, what precisely has maae you a nature lover, say, an Environmentalist ?
2. Mr. Whitaker, what has been your current ambition, ?
3. What helped you set up the Agumbe Rainforest Research Station ?
4. What has been your best environmental documentary ?
5. What, Mr. Whitaker, made it possible for you to receive an Honourable Mention in the Rolex Awards for Enterprise and how did you use it ?
6. Mr. Whitaker, what major problem did you envisage regarding water shortage, pollution and climate change ?
7. Please elaborate on the plan behind these Research Stations at Agurnbe.
8. Mr. Whitaker, how will your ambitious plan help in conserving the species inhabiting the rainforests ?
9. How do you plan to cover the whole of the country through these Rainforests Research Stations ?

Thank you, Mr. Whitaker.

II. Answers (hints etc,) along with interactions to be noted by the second group.

1. I would say that boundless enthusiasm for the wonders of nature and determination to save them has made me that. Actually the endless natural mysteries, wildlife and empathy and sympathy in the face of destruction have played a key role in my being so.

2. (With a smile) to create a network of rainforest research stations throughout India— since long—but didn’t have the wherewithal—bought a block of land at Agurnbe in Southern India.

3. The Whitley Award for Nature (helped a lot).

4. I have authored eight books and over 150 articles. The best environmental documentary has been the National Geographic film ‘King Cobra’.

5. I helped the Irula tribe people of Tamil Nadu to change over their traditional work of catching snakes to collecting snake venom to produce life-saving anti-venom serum. I spent the Whitley Award for Nature money in setting up these Research Stations.

6. I saw that forest clearance and some dams resulted in the drying up of rivers. Ground water tables are getting lower. Pollution and climate change may soon create a great water shortage problem. Hence Rainforests Service Stations and their importance.

7. It is to maintain Sita Nadi to evaluate the problems and involve the people in implementing the plan for augmenting water resources.

8. These stations will produce vital information over 100 new species of frogs, crabs etc. There will be an exchange of expertise and research, creation of biodiversity database and mobile educational programmes.

9. These stations are to be located in the Western Ghats ; one in the Assam and the next in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Thank You Mr. Whitaker.

III. A Report by the third group :

Whitaker, the Pioneer of Rainforests Research Stations and Conservationist of Green Nature—A Report

—by Praveen, Class XA, Spring Valley School, New Delhi

Romulus Earl Whitaker, a herpetologist, wildlife conservationist, founder of the Madras Snake Park, The Andaman and Nicobar Environment Trust, the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust and Rainforests Research Stations, is a famous name known to all nature lovers. In a Press Conference held tomorrow in our school he declared his dedication to preserving green nature to fight against the climate change, global warming and shortage of water.

With the help of various Awards like Rolex Funds and Whitley Award for Nature he has established Rainforests Research Stations in Tamil Nadu, Assam and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to restore the depleting water reserves. His first station at Agumbe was a turning point for the Irula tribe people. They turned from snake catchers to helpers and contributors in the production of life-saving anti-venom serum.

His Rainforests stations in Tamil Nadu are not only research stations but institutions to teach the students biodiversity and how to preserve green nature to be a life-sustaining agency. In the press conference he told that these stations will produce vital information over 100 new species of frogs, crabs etc. These will also be an exchange of expertise and research creation of biodiversity database and mobile education programmes. Actually the climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect etc, made this herpetologist into an Environmentalist for whom life is like a big river.

Mr. Whitaker sees a bright future for restoring depleting water through these stations. He also sees it for educating the future generations about the essentiality of green nature for human and wildlife.

Question 5.
Listen to the passage ‘Wetlands, an Important Ecosystem’ and complete the following flowchart :

Answer:
(a) marshes
(b) oases
(c) mud flats
(d) paddy fields
(e) 1. rivers 2. lakes 3. lagoons 4. mangroves 5. coral reefs.
(f) 1. fish and shrimp farms 2. ponds 3. irrigated land like paddy fields 4. salt pans 5. reservoirs.
(g) 1. checking floods 2. preventing soil erosion 3. reclaiming land 4. breeding marine organisms like shrimps etc 5. preventing siltation of water ways 6. erosion of forests 7. providing the source of water.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 1 Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Chapter 1 Treading the Green Path: Towards Preservation, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.