NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 4
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Environment Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Question 1.
Complete the following statements by choosing answers from the box given below and check your awareness about environment.

1. This animal is hunted for its under wool, shahtoosh, which is used to make shawls and scarves. This is the …………….
2. The key threat to tigers is …………….
3. The Sumatran Rhino is possibly the most critically endangered of the Asian Rhinos. The rhinos are hunted primarily because of their horn, which is used in ………..
4. The tiger has few enemies. The main predator of the tiger is the …………..
5. The largest endangered land mammal is the …………..
6. The name given to the list of endangered/threatened species is …………..
7. The major environmental factor thought to cause the loss of habitat for the polar bear is …………..
8. One of the reasons the WWF (World Wildlife Foundation) was created was to …………..

Answer:

1. Chiru/Tibetan Antelope
2. loss of habitat
3. traditional Asian medicine
4. human being
5. Asian elephant
6. The Red List of Threatened Species
7. global warming
8. educate and encourage conservation

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 4 Introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Space Travel
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Have you read novels or short stories about life on other planets ? What is this type of writing called ?
Answer:
Yes, I have read the novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley. This type of writing is called ‘Science Fiction’.

1. What does the letter suggest about its writer ?
2. What do you think may happen between the writer and Pen Pal ?

Answer:

1. The letter suggests that the writer is a living being of a planet other than the earth. This planet is in the galaxy. This living being does not know anything about the Earth, its inhabitants, etc.
2. I think that there may develop a ‘friendship’ between the writer and Pen Pal.

Question 2.
Now find out what happens, in this exciting Science Fiction story. The letter to Pen Pal continues…

1. What does “a hydrocarbon form of life” mean ?
2. What would a non-hydrocarbon form of life look like ?
3. Why cannot Skander hold ordinary paper {from Earth) ?
4. Why do you think Skander is in prison ? .

Answer:

1. It means a form of life that is composed of water and carbons as life on the Earth is made of.

2. Since till date no non-hydrocarbon form of life is known to the human race, it can be imagined to be of any form. Some examples are given below :
(i) It may be a giant form or a tree-like body in which Mercury is flowing instead of blood.
(ii) It may be a giant-like shape having no eyes and no ears, living on Helium instead of Oxygen.

Both of these forms may or may not be radioactive but these should look like the modern-day robots.
Note: Students might have seen some Hollywood movies like Antz or The Planet of the Apes which f deal with such creatures.

3. He cannot hold ordinary paper (from the Earth) because it will burn at his contact, since his body temperature is 250 degrees Celsius.

4. Skander is in prison because he has committed some crime or any unlawful experiment. However, he doesn’t mention what exactly he has done.

Question 3.

1. From the first two letters, what have we so far learned about Skander ?
2. What have we learned about the Planet Aurigae II ?
3. Why do you think Skander started this correspondence with Pen Pal ?
4. What impression do you have of Skander ?

Answer:

1. From the first two letters we have so far learned that Skander is a scientist. He lives on the Planet Aurigae II. He is not a hydrocarbon form of life like us. He is in jail for performing forbidden experiments on his body. He communicates with other planets by intercepting letters from the interstellar correspondence club. He has a longer life expectancy than that of humans.

2. The Planet Aurigae II is inhabited. Its average temperature is more than 250 degrees Celsius. Its inhabitants live for a very long period. Also, they are very much advanced in science, technology, etc.

3. Skander had been amusing himself at intercepting communications between the planets in his galaxy. He developed systems for intercepting these communications and intercepted Pen Pal’s letter out of curiosity. The description of the Earth sounded exciting and he developed a liking to live on it for a while. So he started the correspondence with Pen Pal.

4. Skander is of a high mental calibre. He has a deep desire to know everything possible about other planets. His system for intercepting communications between the planets reveals this fact. His experimenting upon his own body means that he is curious to acquire every kind of knowledge even at a great risk to his body.

Question 4.
1. Why (D.4) do you think Pen Pal showed Skander’s photographic plate to a doctor at the hospital ?

2. In all the last four letters, Skander is insistent that Pen Pal sends a photograph of himself Why do you think Skander is so insistent ?

3. Why (D.5) do you think Pen Pal’s government warned him against continuing the correspondence ?

Answer:

1. Perhaps Pen Pal got suspicious of the uncommon photographic plate. So he showed it to a doctor at the hospital to know what it actually was.

2. Firstly, Skander, in my opinion, is so insistent because he, perhaps, needs a photograph of his friend. It is so because we are generally keen to keep the photographs of our friends.

Secondly, he may also be keen to have the photograph of a living being of the Earth which, for him and others on the Aurigae II, may be a novel and unique thing. Thirdly, he, being very inquisitive and being a scientist, may have a desire to know more about the human species.

3. Pen Pal’s government was afraid that if he continued the correspondence any longer, something dangerous might happen, eg some epidemic might come. Or because of ‘spying’, some other problem may come to the Earth from some other planet in the galaxy.

Question 5.

1. What exactly did Skander do ?
2. Why did he do this ?
3. Might this ever be really possible, at some stage in the future ?
4. Would there be advantages and/or disadvantages in doing so ?
5. Were there any clues in earlier letters that warned us of what Skander was planning to do ?

Answer:

1. Skander simply played a trick. He placed Pen Pal’s photograph near him and activated the sub-space energy flow between the two photographic plates. He now lived in Pen Pal’s body and the Pen Pal in his body with their memories intact.

2. Skander did this because he had been fascinated by the description of the Earth. Due to that he had developed a desire to live there for some time. Secondly, he wanted to escape from the prison and ‘tour the universe’.

3. This may be possible in the future. No one can predict what man can do with computer- aided knowledge in this age of science.

4. There would be both advantages and disadvantages in doing so. Advantages would be in the sense that man would get new knowledge and experiences by changing his body. Also, humanity would be benefited a lot if the mind of a great scientist on death bed is transferred into a young man’s body with a weak and dull mind.

The disadvantages would be more horrible in the sense that an evil mind might be transferred into the body of a virtuous man. In that case, there would be an utter confusion and chaos. Unimagined difficulties and problems would arise as is being thought of these days in relation to human cloning. Consequently, there might be many disadvantages of various kinds in the atmosphere or environment etc.

5. Yes, there were ‘clues’, that warned us of what Skander was planning. These were :
(D.1) × ‘Earth ……. I would like to live there for a while ………. ’
(D.3) × ‘ ……… how I plan to visit Earth ………… ’
(D.3, D.4, D.5, D.6) × Skander asks Pen Pal to send a photograph of himself.
(D.3) × ‘ It would be pleasant to leave my body behind and tour the universe.’

Question 6.
1. Who has written the letter ? (Original Pen Pal ? original Skander ? “New Pen Pal” ?) ‘

2. Which planet does he live on ?

3. When Skander and Pen Pal exchanged bodies and personalities, each received certain benefits. Write words or phrases in the scales under their names, to indicate the advantages to each. Decide who profited most from the exchange. (Copy and complete.)

4. Imagine that five years have passed since the last letter. Skander and Pen Pal are both still alive. Write another letter from Skander to Pen Pal, outlining what has happened in the intervening years. What is your present situation ? What are your thoughts ? What are your plans for the immediate future ?

(NB : Decide : Are you the “original Skander” or the “New Skander” ?)

Answer:
1. Original Pen Pal (now in the body of the original Skander). The reasons for this are :
(a) Original Pen Pal is now enjoying a disease-free life. The original Skander has now realized that man on the Earth suffers heart attacks and paralysis.
(b) It is clear from the last line of the body of the final letter that its writer is becoming ‘accustomed’ with a new name ‘Skander’ as signed in the letter. It means the writer’s old name is Pen Pal.

2. Aurigae

3.

Decide who profited most… ?

This is for class discussion. In our opinion, both are benefited and both are at a loss. Students can discuss and can write about the profit from the words and phrases given in the boxes above.

4. We are giving here two letters. First is written by new Skander and second by original Skander.

(i) Dear Pen Pal

You will be amazed to receive my letter after five years. Well, there has not happened anything special in the intervening period. Life has been going on as usual. I enjoyed, at first, my coming over to Aurigae II. But it was not for long.

As regards my present situation, I am still in jail. I have tried my level best to correspond with other planets. But I have not yet got the knowledge of how to do it. Doing experiments without the mental capability and knowledge is as useless as trying to swim without knowing how to.

At present, I have neither any plan nor any new thoughts. In fact, life has become a hell in jail. I am in your body but my mind and thoughts are of an Earth’s man. So there is no compatibility between them. I am not confident of doing any successful experiments without the knowledge equal to that of yours. Thus I am really trapped for ever in your body. I can’t transfer myself because I have no knowledge of it. However, all facilities about equipments and laboratories exist here. You played a trick but didn’t think what would happen. Now it has happened. We both are to suffer long.

Skander

(ii) Dear Skander

I hope you recollect something about me that happened five years before.

You may be startled to know that I am in a very bad condition. While I was there on Aurigae, the Earth sounded exciting. But it is not now. At first, everything looked fascinating. But soon I found that my mind was not compatible with the body. There, then, started a series of troubles. I suffered the weaknesses of the body. Some time there was an acute pain in it due to some injury.

Really my thoughts have remained imprisoned for ever. I have, you know, a very active mind. But it can’t do anything for me. It is because I have no equipment and no facilities of laboratories here. So my future plans are nothing. If there is anything here, it is the tale of suffering and suffering. In this way, my future is bleak. How I regret my curiosity to tour the world ! I am waiting only to die because I just struggle to live here. Really, the earth is a strange place and human body another strange thing.

Pen Palt

Question 7.
Writing a science fiction story : Do you think life exists on other planets ?
If there is life on other planets, what would these aliens look like ? Draw your idea of an alien in the box below.
Answer:

Students to write their own stories on their own keeping the points given above in mind. Some more information given below may help them in this project work.

• The setting may or can be of the earth, the sky or wilderness suiting the occasion.
• Characters can both be humans and aliens.
• The plot can be about a visit of the alien to the earth as it happens in Hindi film KOI MIL GAYA. Or it can be the one given in the film KRISH. Or it is PK.
• Students can draw both audio and video help from these pictures.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 4 Letters from the planet Aurigae II, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Space Travel
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 3 Space Travel

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this section you will read about the experiences of four women astronauts in space. Your teacher will divide the class into groups of four and ask each of the group members to read about one of the astronauts. In the end each of the group members will complete the table given below by exchanging information within the group.
Answer:
For answer see Q.3.

Question 2.
Read the Article given.

Question 3.
Copy and complete the following table with information from the passage :
Answer:
Each one of the group members exchanged information about the four astronauts. The inputs were shared among group members of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4. Their task of completing the table is given below :

Name	Age	Year or becoming an astronaut	No. of space .Journeys	Experience with yero gravity	Ways of staying fit	Memorable moments	What one has learnt from the travel
1. Peggy Whitson	48	1996	2	—Nice —felt younger	cardio exercises resistance training	Incredible earth’s curvature	Exploration a must
2. Pamela Melroy	47	1995	3	Magical zero gravity	—	cheered by Whitson and her crew	Long term pay-off
3. Sunita Williams	43	1998	1	hard	running	flying versus walking	under­ standing oneness
4. Barbara Morgan	56	1985	1	fun-filled	power of food	upside down position	to remain optimistic

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage above :

1. Peggy Whitson has been described as a ‘walking laboratory’ because …………………….
2. Peggy feels that returning to earth is not a pleasant experience as …………………….
3. Pam Melroy and her crew members were applauded when …………………….
4. The historic moment during Pam Melroy’s space flight was …………………….
5. According to Melroy the space station is important because …………………….
6. ‘Being a rookie’ means …………………….
7. Sunita Williams donated her hair because …………………….
8. Sunita Williams broke the record of …………………….
9. Barbara had to wait for her turn to go into space because …………………….
10. Morgan’s work on the space shuttle was to …………………….

Answer:

1. she was sufficiently equipped for describing the long-term effects of zero gravity (zero-g).
2. her agility and quick motions were severely checked.
3. they came on board after they docked the aircraft with the International Space Station.
4. that it was the first time two women were incharge of two spacecrafts at the same time.
5. of the sheer act of sending humans into an extremely hostile environment in space.
6. an untrained recruit
7. she knew the trauma of cancer patients to fight the disease
8. Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance of space time.
9. in the tragic fall of Challenger in 1986, Morgan returned to Idaho to resume her teaching career. In August 2007, she blasted off in the shuttle for a 13-day mission as a full time astronaut.
10. operate the space station’s robotic arms and teach lessons via on board video about the life on space.

Question 5.
In your groups find out about the famous Indian astronauts and their achievements. Is there any woman astronaut in India ? Report your findings to the rest of the class.
Answer:
The Groups A, B and C found out information about the famous Indian astronauts that is given below :

1. Rakesh Sharma (Indian)
2. Kalpana Chawla (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)
3. Sunita Williams (India born, U.S.A. Citizen)

1. Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh was the first Indian and 138th person to travel in space. Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air Force, embarked on a historic mission in, 1984 as part of a joint space programme between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space programme. He spent eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts aboard Soyuz T-ll on the 2 April 1984, was 35-year-old Sharma. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi- spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to which he replied, Saare Jahan Se Achcha, (a reference to an iconic Urdu poem used in India’s freedom struggle, usually referred to as ‘Saare Jahaan se achcha Hindustan hamara,’ ‘our land of Hindustan, is the best of the entire world’).

He was conferred with the honour of Hero of Soviet Union upon his return from space. The Government of India conferred its highest gallantry award (during peace time), the Ashoka Chakra on him and the other two Russian members of his mission. Sharma and his backup, Wing Commander Ravish Malhotra, also prepared an elaborate series of zero-gravity Yoga exercises which the former had practised aboard the Salyut 7. Retiring with the rank of Wing Commander, Rakesh Sharma joined Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as a test pilot at its Nashik Division. He was later based at the National Flight Test Center (NFTC) in Bangalore and worked on the indigenous Light Combat Aircraft program, among others.

2. Kalpana Chawla

Kalpana Chawla was the first Indian woman to travel into space and also the first Indian to perish in space. She graduated from Tagore School at Karnal, India in 1976 and was conferred the Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, 1982. She did her Master of Science Degree in aerospace engineering from University of Texas, 1984 ; and Doctorate of Philosophy in aerospace engineering from University of Colorad, 1988. Her space flight experience on STS-107 COLUMBIA was the 16-day flight that was a dedicated Science and Research Mission. But STS-107 mission ended abruptly on February 1, 2003 when space shuttle Columbia and the crew perished during entry, 16 minutes prior to scheduled landing. Daughter of India, the famous astronaut and scientist, Kalpana dedicated her whole life to scientific and astronomic research. She finally laid her life as supreme sacrifice on the path of human service during the journey of the Space Shuttle ‘COLUMBIA’. Kalpana was selected as an astronaut in 1994. She had the highest number of hours, logged in space. She was honored with several posthumous awards like Congressional Space Medal of Honor NASA Space Flight Medal, NASA Distinguished Service Medal etc.

India’s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announced on February 5, 2003 that the meteorological series of satellites, “METSAT”, will be renamed “KALPANA”.

3. Sunita Williams

Deepak Pandya who is Sunita Williams’ father is a famous neuroanatomist. Williams’ roots on her father’s side go back to Gujarat in India. She has been to India to visit her father on April 11,2007. She surpassed the record of 188 days and 4 hours set by Shannon Lucid in 1996.

Selected by NASA in June 1998, Williams began her training in August 1998. Her Astronaut Candidate training included orientation briefings and tours, numerous scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training and ground school. It was all to prepare for T-38 flight training, as well as learning water and wilderness survival techniques.

She surpassed Kathryn Thornton, who had three spacewalks, as the woman with the most spacewalks. Peggy Whitson later surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks. Following a period of training and evaluation, Williams worked in Moscow with the Russian Space Agency on the Russian contribution to the ISS, and with the first expedition crew sent to the ISS. Following the return on Expedition 1, Williams worked within the Robotics branch on the ISS Robotic Arm and the related Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator. She was a crewmember on the NEEMO 2 mission, living underwater in the Aquarius habitat for nine days in May 2002.

As of 2008, Williams served as NASA’s Deputy Chief of the Astronaut Office. She was assigned as a backup crew member for Expedition 30 to the International Space Station to be flown in 2011 and was to be the Commander of Expedition 32, a six-month mission scheduled to begin in the spring of 2012.

Like many astronauts, Williams is a licensed amateur radio operator, having passed the technician class license exam in 2001. She was issued the call sign KD5PLB by the Federal Communications Commission on August 13, 2001. She used one of the two amateur radio stations aboard the ISS when she talked with school children.

In September 2007, Sunita Williams visited India. She went to the Sabarmati Ashram, the ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1915, and her ancestral village Jhulasan in Gujarat. She was awarded the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award by the World Gujarati Society. She is the first person of Indian origin who is not an Indian citizen to be presented the award. She also visited her cousin’s home on her nephew’s birthday. On October 4, 2007.

She has the following awards and honors to her credit :

• Navy Commendation Medals (twice)
• Navy and Marine Corps Achievements Medal
• NASA Space Plight Medal
• Humanitarian Service Medal
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Vishwa Pratibha Award

Question 6.
You are very impressed by the achievements of the women astronauts and decide to give a speech on how Indian girls should also make a mark in this field. Write the speech. The following points may help you make your speech interesting :

– Start with a suitable salutation (Good Morning )
– Think of an impressive introduction (a quote/a humorous story/questions, etc.)
– List out the points that appealed to you in the article
– List out the reasons why there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes
– Think of ways in which this can be changed
– Think of an interesting conclusion

Answer:

The following inputs will help you write the speech :
<
Good Morning friends

Stepping in space may not be your dream. But do you ever wonder how does it feel to be in zero gravity ? Secondly, when other women can go into space, why can’t you? You, too, can make a mark like them.

Men and women from America and Russia have been flying in space since 1961. They have proved that humans can live and work successfully in space even for months at a stretch. Inspired by them ; Peggy Whitson, Pamela Melroy, Sunita Williams, Barbara Morgan have also set new records. With her 195 days in space, Sunita broke Shannon Lucid’s previous endurance record-until Peggy Whitson broke both women’s records in 2008.

It is heartening to note that they exhibited exemplary performances while repairing broken satellites, improvising new procedures when things went wrong in space. Even Kalpana Chawla’s indomitable spirit inspires millions of aspiring astronauts. Peggy Whitson is a walking laboratory for the long-term effects of zero gravity. Indian women have made a mark all over the world as engineers, scientists and doctors. But it is amazing that Indian women are nowhere on the list of space achievers. However, many have done marvelously well in fields where men could show their might.

Space flights are expanding. But there are hardly any women in the Indian space programmes. This may be due to the prevailing unfavourable conditions like poor infrastructure, gender-biased society and cultural inhibitions. Sheer dedication, strong academic background, mental and physical fitness and, of course, practical skills do certainly help to reach the final destination.

You know it well that we live in the 21st century where mindsets are changing for the better. Therefore, do not stop just because the task is daunting. It is difficult, but not impossible. There are great names to seek inspiration from ie, Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams. They have made India proud with their unflagging spirit and wonderful work done. Their achievements can certainly inspire you as well.

So, young girls, gear up for the space mission. Be, pilot astronauts or astronaut researchers. It requires your grit and courage to become an astronaut. Your friends have been flying aircraft and fighter bombers. You, too, can be responsible for the crew, the integrity of the space-flight-and its mission.

International Space Station welcomes you all heartily. You must dare to reach the frontiers of space and even beyond. Best of luck to you all!

Thank you very much.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 3 Space Travel, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 2
Chapter Name	Plugging into Future
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 2 Plugging into Future

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this section you will read about the old gizmos, which your father or grand-father would have used. Try to compare these gizmos with the ones you have been using. Work in pairs and discuss the change.

Answer:

The comparison between the gizmos used by grand parents and the gadgets used by the modern generation is apparent by the pair discussion given below :

Student A : The gramophone which my grandpa used is kept in the living room. It is there along with the phone that used to operate on wire system.

Pupil B : Same at my grandfather’s house. The gramophone and the table phone are now just showpieces.

Pupil C : They must have been filed in the condemnation registers.

Pupils A and B : Come on ! They are the envoys of celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan and Dilip Kumar who can buy them at exorbitant rates. But yes, now we are addicted to iPods and iPhones. They are trendy and just incredible.

Pupil A : I feel that the function of Gramophones had a limited range.

Pupil C : An iPod is a fancy piece of music playing technology. It has a nice music ; delivery mechanism for business communication ; educational module ; on and so forth.

Pupil B : Even the iPhone 4 has two cameras. It can function as a video camera and a camera phone with text messaging and visual voice mail. This is simply incredible. Due to these features it has become very popular with the youth.

Pupil C : I am amazed at the speed of the technology being changed. Everyday there are new gadgets. Take mobile; now it is a mini computer. It is replacing desktops and laptops.

Question 2.
Work in groups of four and give a one minute presentation on the latest gadgets that you have been using or your parents are using at home. Write any two advantages and disadvantages the new gadget has over the old one.
Answer:

The life-style of a modern family unit has undergone a desired change. The latest gadgets that they use are given below :

1. 3G, 4G Mobile phone
2. Compact disk
3. iPod
4. iPhone

1. (a) The advantages and disadvantages that a ‘mobile phone’ has over the ‘pager’ are given below :

Pager versus Mobile Phone

Advantage	Disadvantage
Pager first portable communication device received short text messages Mobile Phone modem gadget with attractive features wide network coverage ability of data transfer and voice calls	voice calls could not be made limited coverage area data transfer was not possible radiations are injurious to health disturbance caused by tele-marketing calls hearing liable to be impaired due to usage for long hours

(b) The one-minute presentation on the ‘Nokia Craze’ is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

I present before you the latest craze of the new generation. The teenage addiction today is the mobile-phone. Let me share my opinions about the Nokia craze.

The market is flooded with numerous brands of mobile smart phones. These are like Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Blackberry, Motorola. But the overwhelming response of Nokia dominates the gadget world. The multi-purpose handset is the pulse of the new generation. Easy internet access services, data interpretation, video calling and video conferencing prove a boon to their hectic life-style. These also allow them to be in touch with the social network. They tend to get lost in its absence. It really comes in handy during emergent times ; nonetheless, leisure is also best utilised by playing games and listening to music, even FM. It has indeed become a vital part of their lives.
Thank you.

2. (a) The advantages and disadvantages that a Compact Disk has over the Floppy Disk are listed below :

Floppy disk versus CD (Compact Disk)

(b) The one-minute presentation on the Compact Disk is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

Let me share my views on the Compact Disk.

A CD is an optical disc used to store digital data. It was originally developed for storing digital audio. It is a standard physical medium for commercial audio recordings.

CD-Rs rewritable media remain widely used technologies in the computer industry. CD-RW disks need to be blanked before reuse. Full blanking removes traces of the former data. But CDs are susceptible to damage both from normal use and environmental exposure. However, the scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic, or by careful polishing. It can write data to multiple times. It is, in fact, a media storage solution of highest quality and compatibility.

Thank you.

3. The one-minute presentation on the iPod is given below :

Respected teacher and friends

Another gadget that has swept off the feet of the modern generation is the iPod

I wish to share my views on the latest gadget, iPod. iPod is the latest craze designed and marketed by Apple. Being a portable media player, everyone wants to get their hands on this fancy piece of music playing technology. Well! that seems quite fine and dandy. But they are really a good gift idea for a teenager. Listening to an MP3 player is extremely exciting. You find people listening to some nice music, learning new languages through MP3 recordings. It is just thrilling to own it. You can listen to music while you study, travel to and from school, when you exercise or before you go to sleep, to relax. This list goes on. Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod is also accepted as a business device. It is used as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training. iPods have also gained popularity for their use in education though they have been criticized for their short life span and fragile hard devices.

Thank you.

4. The one minute presentation on the iPhone is given below :

Respected teacher and class-fellows

Advancement is the vogue of the day. There are four generations (4G) of iPhone models. The first iPhone was unveiled on January 9, 2007 and released on June 29, 2007. The original iPhone was a GSM phone. It established design precedents like screen size and button placement that have persisted through all models. The iPhone 3G added 3G cellular network capabilities and A-GPS location. The iPhone 3GS added a compass, faster processor, and higher resolution camera, including video. The iPhone 4 has two cameras for Face Time video calling and a higher-resolution display. It was released on June 24, 2010. On January 11, 2011, Apple and Verizon together launched a CDMA 2000 compatible iPhone 4. It was launched specifically for the Verizon network in the US, released on February 10, 2011.

An iPhone can function variously. It can function as a video camera, camera phone with text messaging and visual voicemail, a portable media player, and an Internet client with e-mail, web browsing, and both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. The user interface is built around the device’s multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard rather than a physical one. Third-party as well as Apple applications are available from the App Store. These launched in mid-2008 and now has well over 300,000131 “apps” approved by Apple. These apps have diverse functionalities, including games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, security and advertising for television shows, films and celebrities.

Thank you.

Question 3.
Here is a list of innovative inventions. Read them and match them with the visuals by writing the correct numbers in the blanks given by the side of the visuals.
Answer:
No quesions asked

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 2 Plugging into Future, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3 Chapter 1
Chapter Name	Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
In A.2 you will read about alternate sources of energy. Before doing so find out how much you already know about renewable sources of energy. Complete column A, to indicate whether you think each statement is True (√), False (x), or whether you do not know (?) After reading the passage, complete column B in the same way.
Answer:
No questions asked

Question 2.
Now go back to A.I. and complete column (B). How much did you know already before you read the article ?
Answer:

Statements	(A)	(B)
(a) Solar energy is a powerful source of energy	True	True
(b) Electric battery operated cars are more powerful than those run on fossil fuels	False	True
(c) EV stands for electric vehicles	True	True
(d) Driving an electric vehicle is stressful	False	False
(e) Solar power can be the next source of pollution in the world	False	False
(f) India is one of the countries with a great potential for generation and use of solar energy	True	True
(g) Using alternate sources of energy can help India save a lot of money spent in foreign exchange	True	True

Question 3.
Complete the following blanks with information from the passage :

(a) India receives 5000 trillion kWh/year which means ________ .
(b) The advantages of using solar energy instead of fossil fuels is that it is ________ .
(c) It is important to find means of keeping air and noise pollution in urban areas under control because ________ .
(d) Tax exemptions and subsidies are required to ________ .
(e) The media can help by ________ .

Answer:

(a) that the country can get 5000 trillion kW of solar energy in a year. It is far more than its annual energy consumption.
(b) renewable, clean and easily available
(c) of ever increasing pollution levels which is harmful for human race
(d) promote the usage of electric vehicles
(e) playing its role in educating the public about alternate fuel vehicles and their advantages.

Question 4.
Copy and complete the following table with the required information from the passage
Answer:

Points of Comparison	Internal Combustion Engine	Electric Motors
1. Pollution	emits more	emits less, clean and smog-free air
2. Engine efficiency	less energy efficient	more energy efficient driving easier
3. Peak power generation	cannot generate at low speed	can generate even at low speed
4. Recharging	not possible, fresh fuel every time	rechargeable, possible at home also
5. Maintenance	high maintenance cost	low maintenance cost

Question 5.
Based on your reading of the passage say whether the following statements are True or False :

(a) EV’s have the potential to flourish in India
(b) EVs degrade with time
(c) EVs can create health hazards
(d) EVs cannot drive fast because they have only two pedals
(e) Solar power will not last for a very long time in our country
(f) Establishing Solar Power generating units is too expensive

Answer:

(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) False
(e) False
(f) True (cost of equipments is costly)

Question 6.
You are going to listen to a presenter discussing three new inventions-The Solerickshaw, the Green Phone and the Solar Water Purifier. As you listen complete the notes given below :

Answer:

I. Solerickshaws

1. Features
(i) pedal-operated
(ii) motor-assisted three-wheeler
(iii) battery powered by solar energy
(iv) zero-carbon urban transport vehicle

2. a team of Engineers from the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur, West Bengal.

II. Green Phones

1. Blue Earth developed by → Samsung
(i) back with → a full solar panel
(ii) made from → recycled plastic
(iii) CO₂ emissions monitored by → built in pedometer
(iv) fits into → your pocket

2. Coral 200

(i) powered by → Solar energy
(ii) fits → into your pocket and your budget
(iii) made by → ZTE the Chinese mobile manufacturer
(iv) talk time fifteen minutes for every one hour of sunlight

3. LG

(i) three mins, of talk time for ten minutes of sunlight
(ii) Bluetooth solar car kit called → HFB-500
(iii) features
(i) hands-free
(ii) fully rechargeable unit

III. Solar water purifier

1. First type features

(i) twelve volt water purifier
(ii) more potable

2. Second type features

(i) distillation without electricity
(ii) relatively inexpensive
(iii) process of distillation

(a) water heated by → sun rays
(b) water condensation on → the underside of solar panel
(c) impurities collected in → a box
(d) water collected in → a trough
(e) from trough into → the collection bottles
(f) germs and bacteria killed by → UV rays from the sun.

Question 7.
You have listened to a presentation on three new inventions. One of them is solar water purifier. The stages of water purifier can be set in a flow-chart. Copy and complete the following flow chart with the stages in their correct order.
Answer:

Stages in correct order :

1. solar panel is placed on top of a rectangular shaped box
2. box filled with unpurified water
3. sun rays heat the water
4. water condenses on the underside of the solar power
5. impurities of water remain in the box
6. slope of the panel allows water to be collected in the trough
7. bottles collect water from trough

Question 8.
Now read that portion of the listening text describing the solar distillation system :
Answer:
No question asked.

Question 9.
Below is a flow chart describing the process of making rubber. Use it to help you copy and complete the process description that follows it. Remember to use the simple present tense, a mixture of actives and passives, and to add sequence markers where you see
Answer:
First rubber trees are planted in deep soil. When the trees are cut, fully the containers are attached to, the bark of the tree ….. and containers are filled with latex. The latex is collected and is sent to the factory. Here it is coagulated by treating it with acetic acid. The coagulated mass is then separated. It is then pressed into blocks or rolled into sheets. After that blocks or sheets are dried in a current of warm air.

We use Simple Present Tense along with sequence markers. Yes, we have used mixture of actives and passives.

• The tense used was Present Tense
• Sequence markers were used
• Both Active and Passive Voices were used

Question 10.
You have been gifted a new cell phone which is powered by solar energy. Write an email to your friend describing the phone and all its exciting features. You may use the notes that you have made in A.7.
Answer:

Date : May 11, 20 – –
From : [email protected]
To : [email protected]
Subject : New Cell phone : Solar 777

Dear Mehak

I hope my letter will find you all, in the best of health and spirits. I was mightily thrilled to receive two books ‘The Tinkler’s Question’ and ‘The Immortals of Meluha’ that you sent lately.

I apprise you of the most wonderful gift that has made a difference to me. I am sure it will also change the mindsets of the entire country, once it becomes popular. The new cell phone ‘SOLAR’ 777 is powered by solar energy. Realising the side- effects of mobile-phones, many manufacturers are going green while others are going solar. Three cheers for Samsung that has introduced the solar-powered phone. It is a touch phone that has full solar panel on its back. This panel can generate enough power to charge the phone. It has a built-in pedometer to keep a tab on the carbon dioxide emissions. And …more important, it fits into your pocket and your budget constraints. It provides fifteen minutes of talktime for every hour of sunlight. Isn’t it a wonderful invention ?

I shall gift you Coral 200, a solar-powered handset from Chinese mobile manufacturer ZTE on your birthday.

Bye ! Stay in touch.
Your friend
Renu

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Chapter 1 Promise for the Future : Renewable Energy, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Introduction are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Introduction.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 10
Subject	English Main Course Book
Chapter	Unit 3
Chapter Name	Introduction
Category	NCERT Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Science Introduction

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

INTRODUCTION

From Carelessness to Car-Lessness

Question 1.
After collecting all the data, fill in a table like the one given below :
Answer:
No questions asked

Question 2.
At the end of your survey, find out how many interviewees are now travelling by bicycle, public transport, or car pool and how many have decided not to do so.
Answer:

• Number of people interviewed 10
• Number of people who commute by private car 10
• Number of people who have agreed to change their mode of transport 6
• Number of people who now travel by public transport 2
• Number of people who have joined a carpool 2
• Number of people who are now cycling to work 2
• Number of people who have not changed their mode of transport 4

Note: Data of above survey may be different for different surveys.

SAMPLE SURVEY

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Introduction help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 3 Introduction, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.