MCQ Questions

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
A mixture is made up two or more substances. The pure substances which sire present in a mixture are called components of the mixture (or constituents of the mixture). The components of a mixture retain their original properties. So, a mixture shows the properties of all substances present in it. A mixture can be solid, liquid or gas. For example, soil is a solid mixture, milk is a liquid mixture whereas air is a gaseous mixture. In some cases we can easily see the different substances (or components) present in mixture.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Threshing is the process in which stalks (of wheat, paddy, etc.) are beaten to separate grains from stalks, and the chaff that covers the grains. The method of separation is based on the fact that the ‘stalks’ of the crop plants and the ‘chaff are soft materials whereas the grains themselves are very hard. Winnowing is the method of separating husk from grains with the help of wind. This method is based on the fact that husk is very light whereas wheat grains are comparatively heavy. Hand-picking means to take out by hand. The method of hand-picking is used to separate those substances where one of the components is in small quantify. The method of hand-picking is used to separate undesirable substances such as small pieces of stones from wheat, rice and pulses. Sieving is used to separate those solid mixtures which have components of different sizes.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A given quantity of water can dtssolve only a certain maximum amount of a substance (at particular temperature). A solution in which no more substance can be dissolved at that temperature, is called a saturated substance. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of substance which can be dissolved in it at a given temperature. The solubility of a substance refers to its saturated solution.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Distillation is the process of heating water to form water vapour, and then cooling water vapour (steam) to get back liquid water. The changing of water into water vapour on heating, is called evaporation (or boiling). And the changing back of hot water vapour (or steam) into liquid water on cooling, is called condensation. Thus distillation involves two processes: evaporation (or boiling) followed by condensation.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
A change which can be reversed to form the original substance is called a reversible change. When ice changes into water, then there is a change from solid state to liquid state. And when water changes into steam, then there is a change from liquid state to gaseous state. So, in general we can say that: change of state is a reversible change.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
A change which cannot be reversed to form the original substance (or substances) is called an irreversible change. A very small quantity of curd is added to warm milk. It is kept aside for few hours. During this time, milk changes into curd. This curd cannot be changed back into milk by any means. So, it is a irreversible change. The flour cannot be converted back into wheat grains. So, the grinding of wheat to form flour is an irreversible change. The cooked food cannot be converted back into raw food materials. So, cooking is an irreversible change. The increase of size on heating is called expansion. It is called reversible change because when the hot object is cooled, it decreases in size and comes back to the original size.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
We classify the objects because it gives us the following advantages:
(i) The classification of objects into groups makes it easier to locate them and work with them.
(ii) The classification of objects into groups helps in understanding them. This is because if we know properties of one member of group, we can get an idea of the properties of the other members of the group.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The classification of the various objects can be done on the basis of their similarities or dissimilarities. The materials are classified on the basis of property such as appearance, hardness, solubility, heaviness or lightness with respect to water transparency, translucency or opaqueness, use, colour, shape, size, texture, etc.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The word ‘acid’ is derived from the Latin word ‘acidus’ which means ‘sour’. The acids which occur in fruits and vegetables, etc. are called naturally-occurring acids. The naturally-occurring acids are weak acids. These acids are also called organic acids. The acids obtained from minerals are called mineral acids. Mineral acids are called inorganic acids. The bases which are soluble in water are called alkalis.

Answer: (b)

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Some important uses of acid are:

• Hydrochloric acid for cleaning tiles, toilets; for the preparation of chlorides and chlorine gas; for cleaning iron sheets before galvanization: for extracting glue from bones; In textile industry for dyeing.
• Nitric acid for preparing fertilizers, explosives and drugs; in for refining of gold and silver.
• Sulphuric acid for preparing fertilizers, detergents, plastics, synthetic fibres; in petroleum industry for refining; in cleaning metal surfaces before electroplating.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Special type of substances are used to test whether a substance is acidic or basic. These substances are known as indicators. The indicators change their colour when added to a solution containing an acidic or a basic substance. The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus. It is extracted from lichens. When added to . an acidic solution, it turns red and when added to a basic solution, it turns blue. Turmeric is yellow in neutral solutions, yellow in acidic solutions and red in basic solutions. China rose indicator in water is pink, magenta in acidic solution and green in basic solution.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
When an acidic solution is mixed with a basic solution, both the solutions neutralise the effect of each other. When an acid solution and a base solution are mixed in suitable amounts, both the acidic nature of the acid and the basic nature of the base are destroyed. The resulting solution is neither acidic nor basic. The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat. Acid+Base-> Salt+Water (Heat is evolved). Heat is evolved; therefore, it is an exothermic reaction.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Dissolution is a process by which any solute gets dissolved in a solvent. Exothermic reactions are those reactions during which heat is evolved. Endothermic reaction is that reaction during which heat is absorbed. The change which can be reversed by reversing the conditions is called reversible change. Example—glowing of a bulb.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed. Physical changes are temporary and reversible. No or very small amount of energy is either absorbed or evolved during a physical change.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
A change in which one or more new substances are formed is called a chemical change. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction. Chemical changes are very important in our lives. All new substances are formed as a result of chemical changes. For example, digestion of food in our body, ripening of fruits, fermentation of grapes, etc., happen due to series of chemical changes. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change.. During sublimation, a solid substance when heated changes into vapour form, and the vapour on cooling gives back the substance in solid form.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The process of rusting can be represented by the following equation: Iron (Fe) + Oxygen (02, from the air) + water (H₂O) => rust (iron oxide Fe₂O₃ ) For rusting, the presence of both oxygen and water (or water vapour) is essential. In fact, if the content of moisture in air is high, which means if it is more humid, rusting becomes faster. This process of depositing a layer of zinc on iron is called galvanisation. The iron pipes we use in our homes to carry water are galvanised to prevent rusting, painting, greasing, oiling, tinning and cathodic protection can be used to prevent rusting of iron.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The salt obtained in this manner is not pure and the shape of its crystals cannot be seen clearly. However, large crystals of pure substances can be formed from their solutions. Such a process is called crystallisation. It is an example of a physical change.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The short-time atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time with respect to temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc. is called the weather at that place. The temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc. are called elements of weather. The science of the study of weather is called meteorology

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Weather forecast is based on the data collected by weather balloons,satellite, photographs of the cloud formation etc. Weather forecasting is helpful to people in the following ways:
1. It allows people to prepare for bad weather.
2. It helps in the planning of daily activities.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The records of the weather have been preserved for the past several decades. These help us to determine the weather pattern at a place. The average weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25 years, is called the climate of the place. The annual record of long term average temperature and rainfall at a particular place is called climate chart.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The sea affects the climate. Coastal areas are cooler and wetter than the inland areas. Warm ocean currents make the climate warm and wet. The direction of the prevailing winds from the sea/ocean side bring rain to coastal areas and dry weather to inland areas. Mountains receive more rainfall than low lying areas because the temperature on top of mountains is lower than sea level. The distance from the equator affects the climate of a place. The equator receives the more sunlight than anywhere else on the earth.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Animals are adapted to survive m the conditions in which they live. Animals living in very cold and hot climate must possess special features to protect themselves against the extreme cold or heat. Adaption is of two types- permanent- has a genetic basis and it causes permanent changes in the individuals: temporary- is a short term adaptation and is not inherited.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The lion-tailed macaque (also called Beard ape) lives in the rainforests of Western Ghats. Its most outstanding feature is the silver-white mane, which surrounds the head from the cheeks down to its chin. Many animals are adapted to living on the trees (arboreal). Red-eyed frog has developed sticky pads on its feet to help it climb trees on which it lives. To help them live on the trees, monkeys have long tails for grasping branches.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The main layers of the atmosphere are: Troposphere—most of the atmospheric air is present in troposphere. Clouds, rain and snow are seen in troposphere.
Stratosphere- there is very little water vapour. Supersonic aircraft fly in this layer. Ozone layer lies in central zone of stratosphere. Thermosphere-temperature increases with altitude.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The pressure exerted by air at any point on the earth is called atmospheric pressure. Air pressure is important for the following reasons:

1. It creates winds: when air moves, it becomes wind. The difference in atmospheric pressure gives rise to the wind system of the earth.
2. It influences weather: changes in weather are related to changes in atmospheric pressure.
3. Weather forecasting: changes in air pressure give important clues for forecasting weather.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Blowing or moving air is called wind. The speed of wind may vary from 5-10 km/h (gentle breeze) to 700-800 km/h (tornado). The speed and direction of wind is affected by the following factors : Location on the earth Rotation of the earth Local conditions Height from the ground

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Thunderstorms develop in hot and humid tropical regions. Formation of a thunderstorm requires the following:

• Moisture
• Rapidly rising warm air
• Sea breeze or mountains

The swift movement of the falling water along with rising warm air, producing sound, lightning, heavy rain, and strong wind is called thunderstorm.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
A small low-pressure system with very high speed winds revolving around it is called cyclone. The high speed winds revolve in anti-clock-wise direction in Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. Factors like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity contribute to the development of cyclones. The centre of a cyclone is a calm area. It is called the eye of the cyclone. Cyclones that develop in the tropical region are different from those in the temperate latitudes. In general, tropical cyclones are more powerful than temperate cyclones.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Polymer-long chain-like molecule consisting of a large number of molecules joined to each other by chemical bonds.
Non biodegradable- substances which do not decompose to harmless substances by the action of air, water and bacteria.
Synthetic fibre- man-made fibres from simple, small molecules.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A long chain-like unit consisting of a large number of smaller molecules joined to each other by chemical bonds is called a polymer. The smaller molecules which combine to form the chain of a polymer are called monomers. The polymers which occur in nature are called natural polymers. For example, cellulose, silk, wool, proteins, etc. are natural polymers. The polymers which are made in laboratories factories from small molecules are called man-made (or synthetic) polymers. For example, nylon, polythene, polyvinyl chloride, rayon and teflon are some synthetic polymers.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Rayon is used—

• in the textile industry for making fabrics;
• in the manufacture of carpets;
• for the manufacture of tyre cord;
•  for making bandages and surgical dressings. Nylon is used—
• for the manufacture of iyre cords, fabrics and ropes;
• for making fishing nets and parachute ropes;
• for fabricating sheets, bristles for brushes, for making sarees, socks, neckties;
•  for making elastic hosiery;
• for making machine parts.

Polyester is used-

• for manufacturing sarees, dress materials, curtain cloth, etc.
• for making blends with other fibres; eg. grylene with cotton gives terycot, with wool it gives teiywool. Clothes made from blends are more comfortable to wear.
• for making sails for sail boats;
•  for making water hoses for fire fighting;
• for making conveyor belts.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Some of the characteristic properties of synthetic fibres are :

• Synthetic fibre does not get wet. So, the fabrics made from synthetic fibres dry up quickly.
• Synthetic fibres cure durable i.e, fabrics made from synthetic fibres last long.
• Synthetic fibres can be drawn to very fine thickness. So these are light-weight. As a result, the fabrics made from synthetic fibres are thin and hence light-weight.
• Synthetic fibres are strong, have high tensile strength and are abrasion-resistant. As a result, the fabrics made from synthetic fibres are long lasting and easy to maintain.
• Synthetic fibres are cheaper.

Answer: (b)
Explanation;
1. Thermoplastics are long chain polymers with
no cross-linking. Heating also does not produce any cross-linking between the chains
2. Thermoplastics can be processed repeatedly Example : Polythene, PVC, Polystyrene, Nylon, Polyesters, etc.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Polythene (or polyethylene) is obtained from ethylene under high temperature, high pressure and in the presence of a catalyst. Polythene is a thermoplastic polymer. So, it can be moulded into any shape and any number of times. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. Once set into a shape, bakelite does not melt/soften and retains its shape. Bakelite is obtained by reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst Melamine is also a thermosetting polymer. It is hard and a high polish polymer. Melamine is used for making unbreakable dinner-ware, and decorative objects rative objects.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Metals: Iron, Copper, Gold, Silver, Aluminium, Zinc, Lead are some commonly used metals.
Non-metals: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine are commonly used non-metals
Metalloids: Boron, Silicon, Arsenic and Germanium are some metalloids.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
1. Physical state: Under normal pressure, all metals except mercury are solid at room temperature. Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
2. Colour : Most metals except gold and copper are silvery grey in colour. Copper is reddish-brown and gold is golden yellow.
3. Appearance : All metals are shiny. The characteristic shine of metals is called metallic lustre. Thus, all metals have metallic lustre. Metals can be easily polished.
4. Hardness : Most metals are hard except sodium and potassium. Sodium and potassium metals can be easily cut with a knife. Osmium is hard enough to scratch glass.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Graphite is the only non-metal which conducts heat and electricity. Caesium metal have low melting point that it melts even when kept on palm. Diamond is the hardest substance known on earth.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The reactivity series of metals is an arrangement of metals in vertical column in order of decreasing reactivity The reactivity series is also called activity series of metals. In the activity series, the most reactive metal is placed at the top whereas the least reactive metal is placed at the bottom. The more reactive metal has greater tendency to form compounds. So, such metals are found only in the form of their compounds. Less reactive metals such as silver, gold and platinum are found in the free state in the earth’s crust.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Sulphur is used in manufacture of gun powder, sulphuric acid, in vulcanization of rubber. Phosphorus is used for the manufacture of match sticks, rat poison, phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Oxygen is supporter of combustion and used for respiration by living organisms. Hydrogen is used as a fuel, for manufacturing ammonia, hydrogen chloride, vegetable ghee by hydrogenation of oils. Chlorine is used for bleaching and sterilizing water.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Characteristics of particles of matter:

1. Particles of matter have space between them.
2. Matter is made up of particles.
3. Particles of matter are continuously moving.
4. Particles of matter attract each other.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid. The minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point. The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The word latent means hidden. The amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg. of a solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as the latent heat of fusion. So, particles in water at 0°C (273 K) have more energy as compared to particles in ice at the same temperature.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing into liquid state is called sublimation and the direct change of gas to solid without changing into liquid is called deposition. Applying pressure and reducing temperature can liquefy gases, dry ice, etc. Thus, we can say that pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance, whether it will be solid, liquid or gas.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation. The rate of evaporation increases with-

• an increase of surface area: If the surface area is increased, the rate of evaporation increases.
• an increase of temperature: With the increase of temperature, more number of particles get enough kinetic energy to go into the vapour state.
• a decrease in humidity: Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in air. The air around us cannot hold more than a definite amount of water vapour at a given temperature. If the amount of water in air is al-ready high, the rate of evaporation decreases.
• an increase in wind speed: It is a common observation that clothes dry faster on a windy day. With the increase in wind speed, the particles of water vapour move away with the wind, decreasing the amount of water vapour in the surrounding.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Matter is made up of small particles. The matter around us exists in three states- solid, liquid and gas. The forces of attraction between the particles are maximum in solids, intermediate in liquids and minimum in gases. The space in between the constituent particles and kinetic energy of the particles are minimum in the case of solids, intermediate in liquids and maximum in gases.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Mixtures are constituted by more than one kind of pure form of matter. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal and cannot be separated into their components by physical methods. But still, an alloy is considered as a mixture because it shows the properties of its constituents and can have variable composition. For example, brass is a mixture of approximately 30% zinc and 70% copper.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. You come across various types of solutions in your daily life. Lemonade, soda water, etc. are all examples of solutions. Usually we think of a solution as a liquid that contains either a solid, liquid or a gas dissolved in it. But, we can also have solid solutions (alloys) and gaseous solutions (air). In a solution there is homogeneity at the particle level.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A solution has a solvent and a solute as its components. The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger amount) is called the solvent. The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent (usually present in lesser quantity) is called the solute. A solution of iodine in alcohol known as ‘tincture of iodine’, has iodine (solid) as the solute and alcohol (liquid) as the solvent.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture.

• The size of particles of a colloid is too small to be individually seen by naked eyes.
• Colloids are big enough to scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible.
• They do not settle down when left undisturbed, that is, a colloid is quite stable.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
The components of a colloidal solution are the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. The solute-like component or the dispersed particles in a colloid form the dispersed phase, and the component in which the dispersed phase is suspended is known as the dispersing medium. Examples of Aerosol : fog, clouds, mist.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Ink is a mixture of a dye in water. Thus, we can separate the volatile component (solvent) from its non-volatile solute by the method of evaporation. Cream from milk is separated by centrifugation. The principle is that the denser particles are forced to the bottom and the lighter particles stay at the top when spun rapidly. The principle is that immiscible liquids separate out in layers depending on their densities using separating funnel.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Robert Boyle was the first scientist to use the term element in 1661. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-94), a French chemist, was the first to establish an experimentally useful definition of an ‘element’. He defined an ‘element’ as a basic form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Elements can be normally divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
1. Elements react to form new compounds,
2. The composition of each new substance is al’ ways fixed.
3. The new substance has totally different con; stituent substances and properties.
4. The constituents can be separated only by chemical or electrochemical reactions.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
According to Dalton’s atomic theory, all matter, whether an element, a compound or a mixture is | composed of small particles called atoms. The postulates of this theory may be stated as follows:
(i) All matter is made up of very tiny particles , called atoms, which participate in chemical reactions.
(ii) Atoms are indivisible particles, which can not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(iii) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.
(iv) Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
(v) Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
(vi) The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Lavoisier, along with other scientists, noted that many compounds were composed of two or more elements and each such compound had the same elements in the same proportions, irrespective of where the compound came from or who prepared it. This law was stated by Proust as “In a chemical substance the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass”.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The most remarkable concept that Dalton’s atomic theoiy proposed was that of the atomic mass. According to him, each element had a characteristic atomic mass. The theory could explain the law of constant proportions so well that scientists were prompted to measure the atomic mass of an atom.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A molecule is, in general, a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together, that is, tightly held together by attractive forces. A molecule can be defined as the smallest particle of an element or a compound that is capable of an independent existence and shows all the properties of that substance. Atoms of the same element or of different elements can join together to form molecules.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Compounds composed of metals and non-metals contain charged species. The charged species are known as ions. Ions may consist of a single charged atom or a group of atoms that have a net charge on them. An ion can be negatively or positively charged. A negatively charged ion is called an ‘anion’ and the positively charged ion, a ‘cation’. A group of atoms carrying a charge is known as a polyatomic ion.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
It was known by 1900 that the atom was indivisible particle but contained at least one subatomic particle – the electron identified by J.J. Thomson. Even before the electron was identified, E. Goldstein in 1886 discovered the presence of new radiations in a gas discharge and called them canal rays. James Chadwick discovered neutron.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Thomson proposed that:
(i) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.
(ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral. Although Thomson’s model explained that atoms are electrically neutral.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
In the experiment, fast moving alpha (α)-particles were made to fall on a thin gold foil.

• He selected a gold foil because he wanted as thin a layer as possible. This gold foil was about 1000 atoms thick.
• α-particles are doubly-charged helium ions. Since they have a mass of 4 u, the fast-moving α-particles have a considerable amount of energy.
• It was expected that α-particles would be deflected by the sub-atomic particles in the gold atoms. Since the α-particles were much heavier than the protons, he did not expect to see large deflections.

The following observations were made:
(i) Most of the fast moving a-particles passed straight through the gold foil.
(ii) Some of the a-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.
(iii) Surprisingly one out of every 12000 particles appeared to rebound.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The distribution of electrons into different orbits of an atom was suggested by Bohr and Bury. The following rules are followed for writing the number of electrons in different energy levels or shells:
(i) The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is given by the formula (2n)2 , where ‘n’ is the orbit number or energy level index.
(ii) The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost orbit is 8.
(iii) Electrons are not accommodated in a given shell, unless the inner shells are filled. That is, the shells are filled in a step wise manner.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Atomic number is the number of protons of an atom, which determines its atomic number. It is denoted by ‘Z’. the atomic number is defined as the total number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom, the mass of an atom resides in its nucleus. The mass number is defined as the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom. It is denoted by A’. Isotopes are defined as the atoms of the same element, having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. Atoms of different elements with different atomic numbers, which have the same mass number, are known as isobars.

Answer: (d)
Explanation :
We can say that any of the following observations helps us to determine whether a chemical reaction has taken place or not :

1. Change in state
2. Change in colour
3. Evolution of a gas
4. Change in temperature.

As we observe the changes around us, we can see that there are many chemical reactions taking

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The description of a chemical reaction in a sentence form is quite long. It can be written in a shorter form. The simplest way to do this is to write it in the form of a word equation. The substances that undergo chemical change in the reaction are the reactants. The new substance is formed during the reaction, is a product.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. That is, the total mass of the elements present in the products of a chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the elements present in the reactants. In other words, the number of atoms of each element remains the same, before and after a chemical reaction. To make a chemical equation more informative, the physical states of the reactants and products are mentioned along with their chemical formulae. The gaseous, liquid, aqueous and solid states of reactants and products are represented by the notations.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
To make a chemical equation more informative, the physical state of the reactants and products are mentioned along with their chemical formulae. The gaseous, liquid, aqueous and solid states of reactants and products are represented by the notations (g), (1), (aq) and (s), respectively. The word aqueous (aq) is written if the reactant or product is present as a solution in water.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
A reaction in which a single product is formed from two or more reactants is known as a combination reaction. A large amount of heat is evolved. This makes the reaction mixture warm. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called exothermic chemical reactions. When a single reactant breaks down to give simpler products, it is a decomposition reaction. When a decomposition reaction is carried out by heating, it is called thermal decomposition. In displacement reaction, the higher reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Reactions also involve the gain or loss of oxygen or hydrogen by substances. Oxidation is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Reduction is the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen. Lead is losing oxygen, it is getting reduced. Carbon is gaining oxygen: it is getting oxidised.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Litmus solution is a purple dye, which is extracted from lichen, a plant belonging to the division Thallophyta, and is commonly used as an indicator. When the litmus solution is neither acidic nor basic, its colour is purple.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
There are some substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic media. These are called olfactory indicators. Olfactory indicators can be used in the laboratory to test whether a solution is abase or an acid, a process called olfactory titration. Onion, clove oil and vanilla extract are examples of olfactory indicators.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The metal displaces hydrogen atoms from the adds as hydrogen gas and forms a compound called a salt. Thus, the reaction of a metal with an acid can be summarised as – Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas. All metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates react with acids to give a corre-sponding salt, carbon dioxide and water. Thus, the reaction can be summarised as-
Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogen carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
The general reaction between a metal oxide and an acid can be written as – Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic one. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant, stirring. If water is added to a concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause bums.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
A scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, called pH scale has been developed. The p in pH stands for ‘potenz’ in German, meaning power. On the pH scale we can measure pH generally from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very alkaline). pH should be thought of simply as a number which indicates the acidic or basic nature of a solution. Higher the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. Values less than 7 on the pH scale represent an acidic solution. As the pH value increases from 7 to 14, it represents an increase in OH- ion concentration in the solution, that is, increase in the strength of alkali.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Our body works within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8. Living organisms can survive only in a narrow range of pH change. When pH of rain water is less than 5.6, it is called acid rain. When acid rain flows into the rivers, it lowers the pH of the river water. The survival of aquatic life in such rivers becomes difficult. Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth is lower than 5.5. Tooth enamel, made up of calcium hydroxyapatite (a crystalline form of calcium phosphate) is the hardest substance in the body. It does not dissolve in water, but is corroded when the pH in the mouth is below 5.5. Bacteria present in the mouth produce acids by degradation of sugar and food particles remaining in the mouth after eating.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The salt formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is called sodium chloride. When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed- chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Uses of washing soda (i) Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is used in glass, soap and paper industries, (ii) It is used in the manufacture of sodium compounds such as borax, (iii) Sodium carbonate can be used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes, (iv) It is used for removing permanent hardness of water. For making baking powder, which is a mixture of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) and a mild edible acid such as tartaric acid. Bleaching powder is used – (i) for bleaching cotton and linen in the textile industry, for bleaching wood pulp in paper factories and for bleaching washed clothes in laundry; (ii) as an oxidising agent in many chemical industries; and (iii) to make drinking water free from germs.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility. Gold is the most ductile metal. Metals are good conductors of heat and have high melting points. The best conductors of heat are silver and copper. Lead and mercury are comparatively poor conductors of heat. The non-metals are either solids or gases except bromine which is a liquid. The ability of metals to be drawn into . sheets is called malleability.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
All metals except mercury exist as solids at room temperature. Iodine is a non-metal but it is lustrous. Carbon is a non-metal that can exist in different forms. Each form is called an allotrope. Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is the hardest atural substance known and has a very high melting and boiling point. Graphite, another al- lotrope of carbon, is a conductor of electricity. Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium) are so soft that they can be cut with a knife. They have low densities and low melting points.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Metal react with oxygen to form metal oxide. Metallic oxides are mostly basic. Metals lose electrons to form positive ions. Metals are good reducing agents. More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from its salt solution.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Anodising is a process of forming a thick oxide layer of aluminium. Aluminium develops a thin oxide layer when exposed to air. This aluminium oxide coat makes it resistant to further corrosion. The resistance can be improved further by making the oxide layer thicker. During anodising, a clean aluminium article is made the anode and is electrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid. The oxygen gas evolved at the anode reacts with aluminium to make a thicker protective oxide layer. This oxide layer can be dyed easily to give aluminium articles an attractive finish.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Metals react with water and produce a metal oxide and hydrogen gas. Metal oxides that are soluble in water dissolve in it to further form metal hydroxide. Metals like potassium and sodium react violently with cold water. In case of sodium and potassium, the reaction is so violent and exothermic that the evolved hydrogen immediately catches fire. Magnesium does not react with cold water. It reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen. Metals like aluminium, iron and zinc do not react either with cold or hot water. But, they react with steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Aqua regia, (Latin for ‘royal water’) is a freshly prepared mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid in the ratio of 3:1. It can dissolve gold, even though neither of these acids can do so alone. Aqua regia is a highly corrosive, fuming liquid. It is one of the few re-agents that is able to dissolve gold and platinum.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The following general properties for ionic compounds-
(i) Physical nature: Ionic compounds are solids and are somewhat hard because of the strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions. These compounds are generally brittle and break into pieces when pressure is applied.
(ii) Melting and Boiling points: Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points (see Table 3.4). This is because a considerable amount of energy is required to break the strong inter-ionic attraction.
(iii) Solubility: Electrovalent compounds are generally soluble in water and insoluble in solvents such as kerosene, petrol, etc.
(iv) Conduction of Electricity: The conduction of electricity through a solution involves the movement of charged particles.

Answer: (b)

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Melting points and boiling points of some compounds of carbon :
Compound Melting point (K) Boiling point (K)
Acetic acid (CH3 COOH) 290 391
Chloroform (CHC13) 209 334
Ethanolji(CH3CH20H) 156 351
Methane (CH4) 90 111

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of carbon, giving rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation. These compounds may have long chains of carbon, branched chains of carbon or even carbon atoms arranged in rings. Since carbon has a valency of four, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element. Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other elements giving rise to compounds with specific properties which depend on the elements other than carbon present in the molecule.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
The element carbon occurs in different forms in nature with widely varying physical properties. Both diamond and graphite are formed by carbon atoms, the difference lies in the manner in which the carbon atoms are bonded to one another. In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms forming a rigid threedimensional structure. In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in the same plane giving a hexagonal array. Fullerenes form another class of carbon allot- ropes. The first one to be identified was C-60 which has carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a football.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
The valencies of all the atoms are satisfied by single bonds between them. Such carbon compounds are called saturated compounds. These compounds are normally not very reactive.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
A homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. As the molecular mass increases in any homologous series, a gradation in physical properties is seen. This is because the melting and boiling points increase with increasing molecular mass. Other physical properties such as solubility in a particular solvent also show a similar gradation. But the chemical properties, which are determined solely by the functional group, remain similar in a homologous series.

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate are oxidising alcohols to acids, that is, adding oxygen to the starting material. Hence, they are known as oxidising agents. Addition reaction is commonly used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst. Vegetable oils generally have long unsaturated carbon chains while animal fats have saturated carbon chains. The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a dehydrating agent which removes water from ethanol.

Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Ethanol is an important industrial solvent. To prevent the misuse of ethanol produced for industrial use, it is made unfit for drinking by add ing poisonous substances like methanol to it. Dyes are also added to colour the alcohol blue so that it can be identified easily. This is called denatured alcohol. Sugarcane juice can be used to prepare molasses which is fermented to give al-cohol (ethanol). Some countries now use alco hoi as an additive in petrol since it is a cleaner fuel which gives rise to only carbon dioxide and water on burning in sufficient air (oxygen).

Answer: (b)
Explanation:
In the year 1817, Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, a German chemist, tried to arrange the elements with similar properties into groups. He identi- fled some groups having three elements each. So he called these groups triads’. Dobereiner showed that when the three elements in a triad were written in the order of increasing atomic masses; the atomic mass of the middle element was roughly the average of the atomic masses of the other two elements.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
In 1866, John Newlands, an English scientist, arranged the then known elements in the order of increasing atomic masses. He started with the element having the lowest atomic mass (hydrogen) and ended at thorium which was the 56th element. He found that every eighth element had properties similar to that of the first. He compared this to the octaves found in music. It was found that the Law of Octaves was applicable only upto calcium, as after calcium every eighth element did not possess properties similar to that of the first. It was assumed by Newlands that only 56 elements existed in nature and no more elements would be discovered in the future.

Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Dobereiner showed that when the three elements in a triad were written in the order of increasing atomic masses; the atomic mass of the middle element was roughly the average of the atomic masses of the other two elements. In 1866, John Newlands, an English scientist, arranged the then known elements in the order of increasing atomic masses. He started with the element having the lowest atomic mass (hydrogen) and ended at thorium which was the 56th element. When Mendeleev started his work, 63 elements were known. He examined the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical and chemical properties. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law was modified and atomic number was adopted as the basis of Modem Periodic Table and the Modem Periodic Law can be stated as follows: ‘Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.

Answer: (c)
Explanation:
The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons present in the outermost shell of its atom. As the atomic number increases from left to right in a period, therefore valence electrons also increases. The atomic radius decreases in moving from left to right along a period. This is due to an increase in nuclear charge which tends to pull the electrons closer to the nucleus and reduces the.size of the atom. Therefore, it becomes difficult to lose electrons. Hence, metallic character decreases across a pe-riod. Non-metals are found on the right-hand side of the Periodic Table towards the top. These trends also help us to predict the nature of oxides formed by the elements because it is known to you that the oxides of metals are basic and that of nonmetals are acidic in general.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings, the first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck, and the first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Warren Hastings is the first British Governor General of Bengal. He took the charge as a Governor General on 20th October,1773.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India. The title of Viceroy was created in 1858 after the mutiny of 1857. Before 1858, East India Company was ruling large parts of India and the head of administration of the East India Company was called Governor General.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : After the year 1853, a substantial amount of British capital had been invested in the railways.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The British Governor General and Viceroy who served for the longest period in India was Lord Dalhousie.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India. It deprived the Governors of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers. For the first time, the Governor-General’s Government was known as the ‘Government of India’ and his council as the ‘India Council’ in 1858.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1833 converted the title into “Governor-General of India.” The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Governor of the East India Company was Elected by the members of the East India Company itself.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first constitutional measure Introduced by the British in India which worked till the framing of the Indian Constitution was the Act of 1935.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Regulating Act of 1773 was the first landmark in the constitutional development of India. Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered into affairs of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1944) was the viceroy of India during Quit India Movement. The Quit India Movement (also known as the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8,1942 in Mumbai for complete independence

Answer: Option C
Explanation : This event also started the process of transforming the British East India Company from a group of merchants, to an organization with military force. In 1614, King James I of England sent a diplomat, Sir Thomas Roe, to visit the Mughal emperor, Jahangir, and negotiate a trade treaty.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Subsidiary Alliance System was “Non-Intervention Policy” used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General (1798-1805) to establish British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of British army.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the British East India Company in India until 1858. The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Treaty of Amritsar (1809) The Treaty of Amritsar of 1809 was an agreement between the British East India Company and Ranjit Singh, the Sikh leader who founded the Sikh empire.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known to have granted the Indians first taste of freedom by introducing the Local Self Government in 1882. His scheme of local self government developed the Municipal institutions which had been growing up in the country ever since India was occupied by the British Crown.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Battle of Wandiwash, (Jan. 22, 1760), in the history of India, a confrontation between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years War (1756–63).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter granted to the East India Company. Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a formal charter to the London merchants trading to the East Indies, hoping to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade in what is now Indonesia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By the Act of 1773, Parliament granted a loan of Rs 400,000 to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The East India Company was incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600. It was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The British India Society (1839): Founded in London with the efforts of William Adam, one of the friends of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. He along with George Thompson, William Ednis, and Major General Briggs organised meetings and enlightened people about the miserable conditions in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province. The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow’s action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1767 Mysore was a powerful state under Hyder Ali. In 1769, the first Anglo-Mysore war was fought in which Haider Ali defeated the British and Treaty of Madras was signed between them. Haider Ali occupied almost the whole of Carnatic.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Regulating Act, (1773), legislation passed by the British Parliament for the regulation of the British East India Company’s Indian territories, mainly in Bengal. The act was amended and the government of India was recast by Prime Minister William Pitt’s India Act of 1784.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : According to the terms of the treaty of Srirangapattanam, Malabar was ceded to the British.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Treaty of Amritsar, (April 25, 1809), pact concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. The British wanted a defensive treaty against the French and control of Punjab to the Sutlej River.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : When the East India Company came into existence, England was ruled by the Stuarts.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : From 1615 to 1618, he was ambassador to the court at Agra, India, of the Great Mughal Ruler, Jahangir. The principal object of the mission was to obtain protection for the East India Company`s factory at Surat. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favorite of Jahangir and may have been his drinking partner.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Curzon, the viceroy of India decided to partition Bengal for administrative purposes, creating a new province of East Bengal and Assam, with a population of 31 million people and with its capital at Dhaka.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, North India’s First War of Independence or North India’s first struggle for independence. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company’s army.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Birsa Munda was a great tribal leader belonging to the Munda Adivasi, the movement operate against British in Chhota Nagpur (Jharkhand) region.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The single biggest item of British capital investment in India was Railways.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Warren Hastings was an English statesman and the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor General of India. Hastings brought the Dual Government system to an end by enforcing the Regulating Act of 1773.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Act for the first time introduced local representation in the Indian government. Rule of company in India ended and the rule of Crown started. The three presidencies (Madras, Bombay and Bengal) were three separate presidencies brought into a common system.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The government of India Act (1858) also known as the act for Good Government of India transferred the power to the British crown from East India company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Yashwantrao was the last to sign a treaty with the British, on 24 December 1805 at a place called Rajpur Ghat on the bank of Beas River. The treaty was named ‘The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the British Government and Yashwantrao Holkar.’

Answer: Option B
Explanation : British subjects in 1873 had been exempted from trial by Indian magistrates, and in cases involving death or transportation they could only be tried by a high court. But by 1883 the viceroy, Lord Ripon, proposed to make British subjects amenable to sessions courts, over which Indians were now senior enough in the civil service to preside. This proposal as embodied in the Ilbert Bill provoked furious protests, especially among the Calcutta (Kolkata) European business community and the Bengal indigo planters, and there was covert sympathy from many officials.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Baji Rao II (10 January, 1775 – 28 January, 1851) was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and governed from 1795 to 1818. He was installed as a puppet ruler by the Maratha nobles, whose growing power prompted him to flee his capital Pune and sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the British. The last Peshwa was Baji Rao-II. Duringhrs reign the peshwa ship was abolished by the British Government (Lord Harding-I, third Anglo Maratha battle).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (i.e., non-English) press. The law was repealed in 1881 by Lytton’s successor as viceroy, Lord Ripon (governed 1880–84).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By virtue of the Doctrine of Lapse, Lord Dalhousie annexed Sambalpur in 1849, as Narayan Singh had no male successor to succeed him. During the uprising of 1857 the sepoys set Surendra Sai and his brother Udyant Sai free. The resistance to British continued in Sambalpur under the leadership of Surendra Sai.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Charter Acts of 1813 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which renewed the charter issued to the British East India Company, and continued the Company’s rule in India. However, the Company’s commercial monopoly was ended, except for the tea trade and the trade with China.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Goa is not among the regions where the Britishers had first set up trading posts.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji’s work focused on the drain of wealth from India to England during colonial rule of British in India. One of the reasons that the Drain theory is attributed to Naoroji is his decision to estimate the net national profit of India, and by extension, the effect that colonisation has on the country.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : All of these four leaders fought against British in 1857 Revolt -Kunwar Singh- Bihar, Tanitia Tope- Gwalior, Nana Saheb- Kanpur, Maulavi Ahmaduallah- Faizabad.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Agriculture was mainly invested by British during colonial period, the raw material related to agriculture was compulsory for industry during colonial period.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The British attitude towards granting India independence changed partly owing to the Change in the government of the UK, Impact of World War II, Growing tide of Indian Nationalism.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1650, Gabriel Boughton an employee of the Company obtained a license for trade in Bengal. An English factory was set up in 1651 at Hugli.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Its true that Gandhi did have a compromising attitude towards the British during WWII and even stated that “We do not seek independence out of Britain’s ruin”. Though Gandhi was the most influential figure in the political scenario at the time, it’s important to remember that simply because he wanted to maintain a compromising attittude towards the British, many of the other political leaders of the time did not wish to do so.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The United East Indian Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC), referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The East India Company had taken Bombay from Charles II. On 21 May 1662, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed Bombay in possession of the British Empire, as part of dowry of Catherine to Charles.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The new proletariat class which emerged in India on account of the British economic policies, consisted of Money lenders, Landlords, Traders.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : At Qasim Bazar in Bengal was the East India Company given permission to trade and build a factory by the Mughals in 1651. East India Company established a factory at Qasim Bazar by the permission Mughals in 1651.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The August Offer was a proposal made by the British government in 1940 promising the expansion of the Executive Council of the Viceroy of India to include more Indians, the establishment of an advisory war council, giving full weight to minority opinion, and the recognition of Indians’ right to frame their own constitution (after the end of the war). The Congress rejected the August Offer. Nehru said, “Dominion status concept is dead as a door nail.” Gandhi said that the declaration had widened the gulf between the nationalists and the British rulers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Jatin Das, while fasting in the prison, written to the British governor, The individual must die so that the nation may live. Today, I must die so that India may win freedom and glory.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Naval Ratings mutiny took place in 1946. Basically, it started as the sailors were dissatisfied with the food they were given. This snowballed into a mutiny against British rule. The mutiny started in Bombay Dock.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In Kerala, temples are managed by Devaswom Board,which comes under the government of Kerala.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : After the Punjab disturbances, O’Dyer was relieved of his office by the government of Britain.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Delhi was officially announced as the capital of British Raj by the then-Emperor George V, on December 12, 1911. The capital was shifted from Calcutta as Delhi was the financial and political seat of many earlier empires and was located closer to the geographical center of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : To declare the assumption of the Government of India by the crown a Durbar was held at Allahabad on November 1, 1858, by the Viceroy Lord Canning. Queen`s proclamation was read by Lord Canning. As per the proclamation, the administration of India came into the direct hands of British Government.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Cornwallis realised that in order to consolidate the British rule in India, it was very important to organise the civil services. Civil Services was started by Lord Cornwallis and hence he is called the “Father of Indian Civil Service”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Churchill said that the Charter did not apply to India, for he had ‘not become His Majesty’s first minister to preside over the liquidation of the British empire’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : As per the Rowlatt act the govemment had the power to arrest any person without showing any reason, the acts were threat to the civil liberties. Later, this act became the reason for occurrence of Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1756, the British formally declared war against France. In addition, Spanish attempts to aid France in the Americas had failed, and France also suffered defeats against British forces in India. The Seven Years’ War ended with the signing of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in February 1763.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Mountbatten: Last Viceroy of India (1947-1948) Lord Mountbatten served as last Viceroy of India from 12 February 1947 – 15 August 1947; and then first Governor General of Free India from 15 August 1947 – 21 June 1948. During his tenure, India got independence in the form of two dominions of India Pakistan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : British Parliament brought the Government of India Act, 1858, which made the following changes: i. Transferred powers from the East India Company to the Crown. ii. A member of British Parliament was made secretary of state of India to exercise powers on behalf of the Crown and was responsible to the British Parliament. iii. The Governor General for India was provided with an Executive Council, whose decision he was empowered to override.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : At that time, Lord Hardinge was the Governor General of the British held territories in India, and he was the one that shifted the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Till the end of the 17th Century the growth of the executive and legislative powers of the East india Company depended on Crown.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Battle of Porto Novo was fought on 1 July 1781 between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore and British East India Company in the place called Porto Novo (now known as Parangipettai) on the Indian subcontinent, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The British force, numbering more than 8,000 under the command of Sir Eyre Coote defeated a force estimated at 40,000 under the command of Hyder Ali.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The naval Battle of Swally, also known as Battle of Suvali, took place on 29–30 November 1612 off the coast of Suvali (anglicised to Swally) a village near the Surat city (now in Gujarat, India) and was a victory for four English East India Company galleons over four Portuguese galleons and 26 barks (rowing vessels with no armament).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to the British house of commons from the Finsbury Central Constituency in the elections of 1892 by a narrow margin of 3 votes by defeating Fredrick Thomas Penton. Being a subject of the British crown (Being a citizen of British India) he was allowed to take part in the election.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first Indian to contest an election to the British House of Commons was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Nil Darpan (The Indigo Mirror) is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published in Dhaka in 1860, under a pseudonym of the author. The play was essential to Nil Vidroha, better known as the Indigo Revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields to protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Treaty of Lahore was signed on 9 March 1846 after the First Sikh War. After the defeat of the Sikhs at the Battle of Sobraon the British were able to march into Lahore without any further battles. After the British reached the city of Lahore the treaty was signed.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Emperor Farrukhsiyar issued the British East India Company such a farman in 1717. It allowed the Company to live and trade for free in Mughal India except for an annual payment. They were also given the right to issue dastak or trade permits to transfer goods, which the officials largely used for their own gains.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lord Irwin was the Governor General and Viceroy of India (1926-1931). On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. This was the most tumultuous period for the politics of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Max Muller

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Thomas Babington Macaulay was the secretary to the Board of control of India during the British rule. He was the secretary under Lord Grey from 1832 to 1833. He is known for his Minute on Indian Education which came out in February 1835. He wanted to teach English to the people of India and not Sanskrit or Persian.

Answer: Option A
Explanation :
I. Appointment of the Simon Commission – November 1927
II. Formation of the first Labour Government in Britain – January 1924
III. Submission of the Nehru report – August 1928
IV. Inauguration of the First Round Table Conference – November 1930

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Secretary of State is also deemed as Political Head of India. The post was created in Charter Act of 1858. The first Secretary of state was Lord Stanley.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Naoroji published Poverty and un-British Rule in India in 1901. It analysed the nature of the British rule in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Governor- General Lord Curzon shown great interest in the preservation of ancient monuments.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : When the East India Company was established India was ruled by a Mughal Emperor.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Shivaram Hari Rajguru (24 August 1908 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian revolutionary from Maharashtra, known mainly for his involvement in the assassination of a British Raj police officer.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940. After the Phoney War, the Battle of France began in earnest on 10 May 1940.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bengal British India Society founded in Calcutta on 20 April 1843, was the Second political public association to be formed in British India, the first being the zamindari association (1837).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Government of India Act 1858 was passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Satyendranath Tagore became first Indian who cracked I.C.S. or Indian Civil Service examination.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Regulating Act ( May 3, 1773): In 1765, after the battle of Buxer the East India Company got the Diwani ( Right to collect Revenue) of Bengal , Bihar and Orissa. The Governor General was assisted by four councilors. Their tenure of office was fixed for 5 years.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Governor General William Bentinck had entertained Ranjit Singh with great honour at Ropar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Palmerston was the prime minister of Britain at the time of commencement of the Government of India Act, 1858.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In August 1858, the British parliament passed an act that set an end to the rule of the company. The control of the British government in India was transferred to the British crown. At this time, Victoria was the queen of Britain.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The British Parliament was the supreme body in the Britain at the time of commencement of the Government of India Act- 1858.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms or more briefly known as Mont-Ford Reforms were reforms introduced by the colonial government in British India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India during the latter parts of World War I and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first Secretary of state was Lord Stanley, who prior to 2 August 1858, served as President of the Board of Control. The Secretary of State was now the political head of the India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The British colony of Burma was part of the British run-state in India, the Empire of India, from 1824 to 1937. It is not the provision of government of India act, 1935.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1772 to 1785.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian National congress was fromed in 1885 during the Viceroyalty of Lord Dufferin. The first Chairman of INC was W.C.Banerjee.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Simla Conference called by Viceroy Lord Wavell (to discuss the so-called Wavell Plan) in June 1945 failed on account of Jinnah’s demand that the Muslim League alone would nominate Muslim members to the Executive Council, the demand of the Congress to include the members of all communities in their quota to the Executive Council, the demand of the Scheduled Castes to reserved seats in the Executive Council in Proportion to their population.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Immediately after putting his legs in India, Lord Cornwallis in 1786 opined once-for-all settlement with the zamindars for the collection of land revenue. In fact, Lord Cornwallis cut the Gordian knot in 1790 when the decennial permanent settlement system was decided to be introduced in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton was selected as Viceroy to India to fulfill the ambitious plans of Disraeli in Afghanistan.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji said that the exploitative nature of British rule was ‘Bleeding India White’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tipu Sultan had requested Napoleon for help in driving the British away from India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On June 18th 1858, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, one of the most important figures of India’s First War of Independence, died while fighting against the British in Gwalior.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Mutiny was brought to an end with the fall of Gwalior into the hands of the British in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Permanent Settlement (also Premanent Settlement of Bengal) was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was an agreement between the British East India Company and the Landlords of Bengal to settle the Land Revenue to be raised.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms (or as the Minto-Morley Reforms), was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The writers of the East India Company had their training in the college at Haileybury in England.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gandhiji launched Quit India Movement on 8th August 1942 in Bombay session of congress. It is also known as August revolutoion.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known as Father of Local Self Government in India. This was not enacted by any act, it was a resolution that was passed in 1882.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Napoleon Bonaparte war lord is also known as ‘little corporal’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Introduction of western education was another important factor which paved the way for the growth of nationalism. Three main agencies were responsible for the spread of modem education in India. They were the foreign Christian missionaries, the British Government and the progressive Indians.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : During the Viceroyalty of Sir John Lawrence the bone of contention between India and Bhutan was Duars.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Vasco Da Gama sailed from Lisbon on July 8, 1497, with a crew of 170 men. He arrived at Calicut (now Kozhikode) on May 20, 1498.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The island of Bombay had been given to the British Prince Charles II as dowry by the Portuguese.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During the first hundred years of the British rule in India, people’s resentment and opposition to the British policies mainly surfaced in the form of tribal uprisings, peasant uprisings.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The rules of the permanent settlement made every individual zamindar and talukdar the permanent and absolute proprietors of the land under their control. As absolute proprietors of land, zamindars and talukdars were required to pay revenue to government at a rate fixed permanently.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Dual System of Government in Bengal was the brainchild of Lord Clive.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Malabar Special Police (MSP) is a paramilitary unit of the State Police of Kerala.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The age for eligibility in civil services was brought down from 21 to 19 years by Lord Lytton.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the 18th Century the Royal prerogative in the affairs of the East India Company was controlled by The Parliament in England.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In March 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill appointed the Cripps Mission to resolve Indian political crisis because he was under pressure from the US President Roosevelt and of the gravity of the Japanese war menace on India’s borders.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : William Logan (1841–1914) was a Scottish officer of the Madras Civil Service under the British Government. Before his appointment as Collector of Malabar, he had served in the area for about twenty years in the capacity of Magistrate and Judge. He was conversant in Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Round Table Conference officially inaugurated by George V on November 12, 1930 in Royal Gallery House of Lords at London and chaired by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. The three British political parties were represented by sixteen delegates.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed Bombay in the possession of the British Empire, as part of Catherine’s dowry to Charles.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : S.N. Banerjee started an all-India campaign for restoring the entrance age of 21 and for simultaneous ICS examination in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Mayo was stabbed when he was in Andamans. He was first and last Viceory murdered in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Indian Independence Act 1947 passed on 1st August 1947 by the British Parliament in reign of Prime minister Clement Attlee (Labour party). On 14 August 1947 India divided into two dominion states Pakistan (14th August) and India (15th August).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India, however the company’s monopoly in trade with china and trade in tea with India was kept intact. Thus, trade with India for all commodities except Tea was thrown open to all British subjects.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Before the Regulating Act was passed in 1773, there was A Committee of 24 at home to, administer the East India Company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : It was passed to expand participation of Indians in the government of India. The Act embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chemlsford. The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. The Act received royal assent on 23 December 1919.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The exclusive right of trading between The Cape of Good Hope and the Straits of Magellan was granted to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Despite holding a monopoly, the East India Company had faced competition from what it had termed as the ‘interlopers’ represented by the British free merchants.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Regulating Act 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company’s rule in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Mayo was killed by an Afridi Pathan Sher Ali Afridi in Port Blair of Andaman and Nicobar on 8th Feb, 1972.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India. It deprived the Governors of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers. For the first time, the Governor-General’s Government was known as the ‘Government of India’ and his council as the ‘India Council’ in 1858.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Indian Association was founded on October 29, 1851 at Calcutta with Raja Radhakanta Dev and Debendranath Tagore as its President and Secretary respectively. Other members of the Association included Ramgopal Ghosh, Peary Chand Mitra and Krishnadas Pal. Its membership was kept exclusive to Indians.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 has long been held as one of England’s greatest military achievements. The successful defence of the kingdom against invasion on such an unprecedented scale boosted the prestige of England’s Queen Elizabeth I and encouraged a sense of English pride and nationalism.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1833 converted the title into “Governor-General of India.” The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Governor of the East India Company was Elected by the members of the East India Company itself.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Dalhousie introduced Postage stamp, he also introduced Railway, Telegram and PWD.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : British member of Parliament (House of commons) Benziman Disraeli admitted the revolt of 1857 as a National Revolt. V.D. SavarKar describe this revolt as the Indian’s first struggle for Independence.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first constitutional measure Introduced by the British in India which worked till the framing of the Indian Constitution was the Act of 1935.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Regulating Act of 1773 was the first landmark in the constitutional development of India. Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered into affairs of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives. After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ‘The Causes of the Indian Mutiny’ – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton held an Imperial Durbar at Delhi in 1877 to announce Queen Victoria as the Empress of India at a time when a large part of the country was in the grip of a severe famine.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Thomas Munro and Captain Reid known as the father of the Ryotwari Settlement in India. It was firstly introduced in district ‘BARAMAHAL’ of Tamilnadu. By this settlement the Ryott-Cultivator was recognised as a owner of field and he had to pay revenue to British Government directly.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The East India Company was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. Incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600, it was started as a monopolistic trading body so that England could participate in the East Indian spice trade.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Fakir-Sannyasi Resistance an armed resistance of the combined body of Muslim fakirs (sufis) and Hindu sannyasis (yogis) against the dominance of the English East India Company in Bengal. This resistance began in 1760 and continued for more than four decades.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Government in defiance of the opinion of all parties in India had deliberately decided to appoint an all British Commission.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Viceroy Mayo- Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, KP, GCSI, PC, styled Lord Naas between 1842 and 1867, called Lord Mayo in India, was a statesman, Viceroy of India and prominent member of the British Conservative Party from Dublin, Ireland. Viceroy Lytton- Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton GCB GCSI GCIE PC was an English statesman, Conservative politician, and poet. He served as Viceroy of India between 1876 and 1880 – during his tenure as which Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India – and as British Ambassador to France from 1887 to 1891. Viceroy Lansdowne- Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC was a British statesman who served successively as the fifth Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Viceroy Linlithgow- Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, KG, KT, FRSE, GCSI, GCIE, OBE was a British Unionist politician, agriculturalist and colonial administrator. He served as Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943. He was usually referred to simply as Linlithgow.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The trade of tea was most profitable to Britishers that’s why they turned to cultivator in Assam to grow Tea.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : February 20, 1947 had premier Attlee conceded that the British would quit India by June, 1948.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Hindu Widows Remarriage Act of 1856, provided legal safeguards against loss of certain forms of inheritance for remarrying a Hindu widow, though, under the Act, the widow forsook any inheritance due her from her deceased husband.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The same person acted as deputy Dewan on behalf of the East Indian Company and as Deputy Subedar on behalf of the Bengal Nawab. The British East India Company was suffering from massive amounts of debts incurred primarily from annual contractual payments due to the British government totaling £400,000 per year.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After Jallianwala Bagh tragedy a commission was estb. under William Wilson Hunter in 1919. It is known as Hunter commission but the report of commission was rejected by INC,and new commission was estb. under Madan Mohan Malviya.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : the british colonial policies in india proved moat ruinous for indian handicrafts. The real blow to Indian handicrafts fell after 1813, when they lost not only their foreign markets but, what was of much greater importance, their market in India itself. The Industrial Revolution in Britain completely transformed Britain’s economy and its economic relations with India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : At about 9 p.m. on the evening of 11 September 1855 Conolly was attacked and killed at the Collector’s Residence at West Hill Bungalow, Calicut by a small group of Mappilas. Conolly was buried in what is now Conolly Park, near South Beach Road; the headstone of his tomb was moved to the premises of the C.S.I. St. Mary’s English Church, Calicut in 1997.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : He was the first Governor of Bihar and Orissa, first Indian Advocate-General of Bengal, first Indian to become a member of the Viceroy’s executive Council and the first Indian to become a member of the British ministry. He is sometimes also referred as Satyendra Prasanno Sinha or Satyendra Prasad Sinha.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Treaty of Surat (6 March 1775) was a treaty by which Raghunathrao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the English, in consideration of being himself restored to Poona. The military operations that followed are known as the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Many of them lost their zamindaris to the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of the zamindari or the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of zamindari or the permanent settlement, and the strict manner of revenue collection by the British.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Burma achieved independence from British rule on 4 January 1948.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On 8 August 1940, early in the Battle of Britain, the Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, made the so-called “August Offer”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : British Introduced the railways in India (1853) to facilitate British commerce and administrative control.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1877 the entrance age to ICS was reduced from 21 to 19.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control, had an important effect on spreading English learning and female education in India. When in 1855 he sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India.Wood suggested that primary colleges must adopt vernacular languages, high schools must adopt Anglo verncular language and on college level English medium for education. This is known as Wood’s despatch. Vocational and women’s education were not stressed upon.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The correct chronological order of the Governors-General during British India were Wellesley, Marquess of Hastings, Amherst, Bentinck.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse i.e any princely state under the direct influence of East India Company, as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either “manifestly in competent or died without a male heir. The series of state annexed – Satara, Jaipur, Sambhal pur, Jhansi (1854).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Englishmen’s easy success in trade and in establishing independent and fortified settlements at Madras and at Bombay, and the preoccupation of Aurangzeb with the anti-Maratha campaigns led the English to abandon the role of humble petitioners.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Raja Ram Mohan Roy convinced the British in 1829 to outlaw Sati.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The act was proposed by Lord Lytton, then Viceroy of India, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on 14 March 1878.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind and returned all the war medals which were awarded to him by the British for his war services (during the First World War) in support of the Khilafat demand when the Central Khilafat Committee organised a general all-India hartal on August 1, 1920.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB, FRS, also known as Clive of India, Commander-in-Chief of British India, was a British officer and privateer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Throughout the 19th century intermittent uprisings occurred in Malabar, especially in the Ernad and Valluvanad taluks.Twenty two such riots were reported from different parts of Malabar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Britisher invested in agriculture to fulfil the demand of raw materials required for industries in Britain. So, British persuaded or forced cultivator in Bengal to grow Jute (it also known as golden fibre).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1614 Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by James I to visit the court of Jahangir, the Moghul emperor of Hindustan to arrange a commercial treaty and to secure for the East India Company sites for commercial agencies. Sir Thomas was successful, and though the Great Moghul Jahangir was contemptuous of the presents sent him by James I, he sent him a remarkably polite letter.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The headquarters of East India Company were located at Fort William in Bengal. Fort William is a fort built in Calcutta (presently Kolkata) on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganges, during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India. It was named after King William III of England. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, which used to be a part of the Fort and is the largest urban park in Calcutta.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sadr-Di-wani-Adalat during Mughal and British rule in India was a High Court of Civil and Revenue matters.The Ṣadr Dīwānī ʿAdālat was the Supreme Court of Revenue in British India established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. It was reformed in 1780 and again in 1793 by the British Parliament.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : British established a trading post in 1612 at Gujarat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 2nd September 1946 the Interim Government of India was formed. This temporary government was formed from the Constituent Assembly of India (which was then newly elected). This government was entrusted the task of helping the transition of India and Pakistan from British rule to Independence as two separate nations.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After the commencement of the government of India Act-1858, Viceroy of the state was to British Governor-General of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Naoroji Dadabhai Is the author of books such as Poverty and Un-British Rule In India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : the english rounded calcutta after obtaining the zamindari of three villages, viz sutanuti, kalikata and govindpur, from the mughal viceroy of bengal in 1698. The nucleus of the british settlement in calcutta was Fort William.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The inauguration of the Ganapati and Shivaji Festivals was done by 1895.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir William Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The introduction of the bill led to intense opposition in Britain and from British settlers in India that ultimately played on racial tension before it was enacted in 1884 in a severely compromised state. The bitter controversy deepened antagonism between the British and Indians and was a prelude to the formation of the Indian National Congress in the next two years. There was also a strong protest among Europeans.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton put on the statute book two obnoxious measures— the vernacular press Act and Indian Arms Act. Lytton’ s unpopular acts provoked a great storm of opposition in the country and led to the organisation of various political associations for carrying an anti-Government propaganda in the country.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Canning (1858–62): The Indian Councils Act of 1862 was passed, which proved to be a landmark in the constitutional history of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : One of the most remarkable acts passed during the times of Lord Curzon was the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904. This act made any injury to the protected monuments an offence punishable under the law.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : After Sepoy Mutiny rule established in 1857, British govt. started ruling over India, Governor general became the Viceroy and Lord Canning became the last Governor General and first Viceroy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along with Goa (a Konkani-speaking region), before Goa became a state in 1987. The use of Portuguese, which was the territory’s official language during the colonial period, is in decline and relegated to home use.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Mountbatten had replaced Lord Wavell as the viceroy of India in 1947.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The First Opium War, fought over opium trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status, began in 1839 and was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Pitt’s India Act 1784 or the East India Company Act 1784 was passed in the British Parliament to rectify the defects of the Regulating Act 1773. It resulted in dual control or joint government in India by Crown in Great Britain and the British East India Company, with crown having ultimate authority.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Wellesley’s aims were expansionism and imperialism. He wan­ted to expand the British dominions in India to such an extent that it should become the sovereign power in India. His expansionist mind would not remain content with British remaining one of the powers in India, as such he set himself to the task of converting India into an empire of Britain. Another aim, which was ancillary to his main objective, was removal of French influence from India and to make possibility of French territorial expansion of India impossible.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dadabhai Naroji was the first Anglo Indian to elect the British Parliament. He also known as Grand Old Man of India. He introduced, drain of wealth theory.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : English East India Company became the legitimate masters of Bengal Suba after battle of Buxar which was held on 22 Oct, 1764 between East lndia company led by Hector Munro and Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal), Mughal emperor Shah Alam, Nawab of Avadh Shira-jud-daula.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Nana Saheb was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. His annual pension was stopped because the British refused to recognize him as the legitimate heir to the throne as he was adopted.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom announced on 20 February 1947 that: the British Government would grant full self-government to British India by 30 June 1948 at the latest, The future of the Princely States would be decided after the date of final transfer is decided.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ripon was a true democrat. He took some steps towards liberalizing the administration in India. His aim was to give popular and political education to the Indians. He formulated the local self government and laid the foundations of representative institutions in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The statements that are correct related to the Revolt of the Bhils are They defied British authority for 50 years from 1818. Their revolt was finally ended by the British through military operations as well as conciliatory measures.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gandhi had been provoked into crusading for the lot of the Asians in South Africa by the British law called cl Asiatic Registration.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The civil rebellions against the British was initially started at Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Charles Hardinge was the Viceroy when the capital of India was shifted from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi in 1911. There is a well known medical college in Delhi named after the Viceroy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Joseph-François Dupleix was a colonial administrator and governor-general of the French territories in India, who nearly realized his dream of establishing a French empire in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Battle of Wandiwash was a decisive battle in India during the Seven Years’ War. The Count de Lally’s army, burdened by a lack of naval support and funds, attempted to regain the fort at Vandavasi, now in Tamil Nadu. This was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The statements that are correct related to the Charter Act of 1793 were Renewed the Charter of the Company for 20 more years. Regulated the finances of the Company. Prohibited the Commander-in-Chief from being a member of the Governor General’s Council.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Britishers established there first trading center in Surat. After that in Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : During the reign of Dalhousie East India Company annexed Punjab in 1849. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company in 1849, and was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British control. In 1858, the Punjab, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Subsidiary Alliance System was “Non-Intervention Policy” used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General (1798-1805) to establish British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of British army.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known to have granted the Indians first taste of freedom by introducing the Local Self Government in 1882. His scheme of local self government developed the Municipal institutions which had been growing up in the country ever since India was occupied by the British Crown.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Battle of Wandiwash, (Jan. 22, 1760), in the history of India, a confrontation between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years War (1756–63).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter granted to the East India Company. Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a formal charter to the London merchants trading to the East Indies, hoping to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade in what is now Indonesia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By the Act of 1773, Parliament granted a loan of Rs 400,000 to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned in 1908 to Mandalay for six years. Tilak criticise the Britishers in his newspaper, under a article name ‘Bharat ki Durdasha’ and this became the reason for his imprisonment.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Madras was returned by the French to the British in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Treaty of Salbai was signed on 17 May 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. David Anderson concluded the Treaty of Salbai on behalf of the East India Company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The master stroke of Lord Wellesley to establish British paramountcy in India was Subsidiary Alliance.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The very conditions of British rule helped the growth of national sentiment. Roy was the first Indian leader to start an agitation for political reforms in India. There is a moral evil which, if anything, is even greater.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1831 Bentinck signed a treaty with Ranjit Singh to protect the British territories from Russian menace.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As a result of the partition of Bengal announced by Lord Curzon in 1905, Bengal was partitioned into two provinces of Bengal and Eastern Bengal & Assam.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Regulating Act, (1773), legislation passed by the British Parliament for the regulation of the British East India Company’s Indian territories, mainly in Bengal.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In India Lord Macaulay (Thomas Balington Macaulay) is fully credited with the official introduction of English education though the necessary order on the subject were given by Lord William Bentinck the governor general of India on 7th March 1835.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Ripon made remarkable contribution to the development of local government. In 1882, he abandoned the existing system of local government by the officially nominated people.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During the time period of Indian University act,1904 Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Simon Commission had visited India on April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. In 1927, British government appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India when Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on April 13, 1919.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1767 Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao defeated both Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and entered Srirangapatna, the capital of Mysore.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The following on the chronology of appointment of Viceroys were Reading, Irwin, Wellingdon and Linlithgow.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On account of severe British repression the Civil Disobedience movement was again suspended In July 1933 and people were asked to offer Satyagraha individually.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Morley became secretary of state for India in Henry Campbell-Bannerman’s Cabinet of 1905.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhi was in full swing during the Viceroyalty of Reading.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Charter act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India, however the company’s monopoly in trade with china and trade in tea was remained intact. The charter act of 1813, for the first time explicitly defined the constitutional position of the British territories in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Queen Victoria’s famous proclamation, A Royal Durbar was held at Allahabad in November 1, 1858. A proclamation was issued by Queen Victoria. It was read at the Durbar by Lord Canning, who was the last Governor General and the first Viceroy of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785. The first governor-general in India (of Bengal) was Warren Hastings, the first official governor-general of British India was Lord William Bentinck, and the first governor-general of the Dominion of India was Lord Mountbatten.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Warren Hastings is the first British Governor General of Bengal. He took the charge as a Governor General on 20th October,1773.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Canning was the first Viceroy of India. The title of Viceroy was created in 1858 after the mutiny of 1857. Before 1858, East India Company was ruling large parts of India and the head of administration of the East India Company was called Governor General.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : After the year 1853, a substantial amount of British capital had been invested in the railways.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The British Governor General and Viceroy who served for the longest period in India was Lord Dalhousie.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India. It deprived the Governors of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers. For the first time, the Governor-General’s Government was known as the ‘Government of India’ and his council as the ‘India Council’ in 1858.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1833 converted the title into “Governor-General of India.” The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Governor of the East India Company was Elected by the members of the East India Company itself.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first constitutional measure Introduced by the British in India which worked till the framing of the Indian Constitution was the Act of 1935.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Regulating Act of 1773 was the first landmark in the constitutional development of India. Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered into affairs of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lord Linlithgow (1936 – 1944) was the viceroy of India during Quit India Movement. The Quit India Movement (also known as the August Movement) was a civil disobedience movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8,1942 in Mumbai for complete independence

Answer: Option C
Explanation : This event also started the process of transforming the British East India Company from a group of merchants, to an organization with military force. In 1614, King James I of England sent a diplomat, Sir Thomas Roe, to visit the Mughal emperor, Jahangir, and negotiate a trade treaty.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Subsidiary Alliance System was “Non-Intervention Policy” used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General (1798-1805) to establish British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of British army.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the British East India Company in India until 1858. The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Treaty of Amritsar (1809) The Treaty of Amritsar of 1809 was an agreement between the British East India Company and Ranjit Singh, the Sikh leader who founded the Sikh empire.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known to have granted the Indians first taste of freedom by introducing the Local Self Government in 1882. His scheme of local self government developed the Municipal institutions which had been growing up in the country ever since India was occupied by the British Crown.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Battle of Wandiwash, (Jan. 22, 1760), in the history of India, a confrontation between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years War (1756–63).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter granted to the East India Company. Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a formal charter to the London merchants trading to the East Indies, hoping to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade in what is now Indonesia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By the Act of 1773, Parliament granted a loan of Rs 400,000 to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The East India Company was incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600. It was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar (1556-1605).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The British India Society (1839): Founded in London with the efforts of William Adam, one of the friends of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. He along with George Thompson, William Ednis, and Major General Briggs organised meetings and enlightened people about the miserable conditions in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in any province. The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow’s action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1767 Mysore was a powerful state under Hyder Ali. In 1769, the first Anglo-Mysore war was fought in which Haider Ali defeated the British and Treaty of Madras was signed between them. Haider Ali occupied almost the whole of Carnatic.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Regulating Act, (1773), legislation passed by the British Parliament for the regulation of the British East India Company’s Indian territories, mainly in Bengal. The act was amended and the government of India was recast by Prime Minister William Pitt’s India Act of 1784.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : According to the terms of the treaty of Srirangapattanam, Malabar was ceded to the British.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Treaty of Amritsar, (April 25, 1809), pact concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab. The British wanted a defensive treaty against the French and control of Punjab to the Sutlej River.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : When the East India Company came into existence, England was ruled by the Stuarts.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : From 1615 to 1618, he was ambassador to the court at Agra, India, of the Great Mughal Ruler, Jahangir. The principal object of the mission was to obtain protection for the East India Company`s factory at Surat. At the Mughal court, Roe allegedly became a favorite of Jahangir and may have been his drinking partner.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Curzon, the viceroy of India decided to partition Bengal for administrative purposes, creating a new province of East Bengal and Assam, with a population of 31 million people and with its capital at Dhaka.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, North India’s First War of Independence or North India’s first struggle for independence. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company’s army.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Birsa Munda was a great tribal leader belonging to the Munda Adivasi, the movement operate against British in Chhota Nagpur (Jharkhand) region.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The single biggest item of British capital investment in India was Railways.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Warren Hastings was an English statesman and the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor General of India. Hastings brought the Dual Government system to an end by enforcing the Regulating Act of 1773.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Act for the first time introduced local representation in the Indian government. Rule of company in India ended and the rule of Crown started. The three presidencies (Madras, Bombay and Bengal) were three separate presidencies brought into a common system.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The government of India Act (1858) also known as the act for Good Government of India transferred the power to the British crown from East India company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Yashwantrao was the last to sign a treaty with the British, on 24 December 1805 at a place called Rajpur Ghat on the bank of Beas River. The treaty was named ‘The Treaty of Peace and Amity between the British Government and Yashwantrao Holkar.’

Answer: Option B
Explanation : British subjects in 1873 had been exempted from trial by Indian magistrates, and in cases involving death or transportation they could only be tried by a high court. But by 1883 the viceroy, Lord Ripon, proposed to make British subjects amenable to sessions courts, over which Indians were now senior enough in the civil service to preside. This proposal as embodied in the Ilbert Bill provoked furious protests, especially among the Calcutta (Kolkata) European business community and the Bengal indigo planters, and there was covert sympathy from many officials.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Baji Rao II (10 January, 1775 – 28 January, 1851) was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, and governed from 1795 to 1818. He was installed as a puppet ruler by the Maratha nobles, whose growing power prompted him to flee his capital Pune and sign the Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the British. The last Peshwa was Baji Rao-II. Duringhrs reign the peshwa ship was abolished by the British Government (Lord Harding-I, third Anglo Maratha battle).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (i.e., non-English) press. The law was repealed in 1881 by Lytton’s successor as viceroy, Lord Ripon (governed 1880–84).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By virtue of the Doctrine of Lapse, Lord Dalhousie annexed Sambalpur in 1849, as Narayan Singh had no male successor to succeed him. During the uprising of 1857 the sepoys set Surendra Sai and his brother Udyant Sai free. The resistance to British continued in Sambalpur under the leadership of Surendra Sai.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Charter Acts of 1813 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which renewed the charter issued to the British East India Company, and continued the Company’s rule in India. However, the Company’s commercial monopoly was ended, except for the tea trade and the trade with China.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Goa is not among the regions where the Britishers had first set up trading posts.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji’s work focused on the drain of wealth from India to England during colonial rule of British in India. One of the reasons that the Drain theory is attributed to Naoroji is his decision to estimate the net national profit of India, and by extension, the effect that colonisation has on the country.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : All of these four leaders fought against British in 1857 Revolt -Kunwar Singh- Bihar, Tanitia Tope- Gwalior, Nana Saheb- Kanpur, Maulavi Ahmaduallah- Faizabad.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Agriculture was mainly invested by British during colonial period, the raw material related to agriculture was compulsory for industry during colonial period.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The British attitude towards granting India independence changed partly owing to the Change in the government of the UK, Impact of World War II, Growing tide of Indian Nationalism.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1650, Gabriel Boughton an employee of the Company obtained a license for trade in Bengal. An English factory was set up in 1651 at Hugli.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Its true that Gandhi did have a compromising attitude towards the British during WWII and even stated that “We do not seek independence out of Britain’s ruin”. Though Gandhi was the most influential figure in the political scenario at the time, it’s important to remember that simply because he wanted to maintain a compromising attittude towards the British, many of the other political leaders of the time did not wish to do so.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The United East Indian Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC), referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The East India Company had taken Bombay from Charles II. On 21 May 1662, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed Bombay in possession of the British Empire, as part of dowry of Catherine to Charles.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The new proletariat class which emerged in India on account of the British economic policies, consisted of Money lenders, Landlords, Traders.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : At Qasim Bazar in Bengal was the East India Company given permission to trade and build a factory by the Mughals in 1651. East India Company established a factory at Qasim Bazar by the permission Mughals in 1651.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The August Offer was a proposal made by the British government in 1940 promising the expansion of the Executive Council of the Viceroy of India to include more Indians, the establishment of an advisory war council, giving full weight to minority opinion, and the recognition of Indians’ right to frame their own constitution (after the end of the war). The Congress rejected the August Offer. Nehru said, “Dominion status concept is dead as a door nail.” Gandhi said that the declaration had widened the gulf between the nationalists and the British rulers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Jatin Das, while fasting in the prison, written to the British governor, The individual must die so that the nation may live. Today, I must die so that India may win freedom and glory.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Naval Ratings mutiny took place in 1946. Basically, it started as the sailors were dissatisfied with the food they were given. This snowballed into a mutiny against British rule. The mutiny started in Bombay Dock.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In Kerala, temples are managed by Devaswom Board,which comes under the government of Kerala.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : After the Punjab disturbances, O’Dyer was relieved of his office by the government of Britain.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Delhi was officially announced as the capital of British Raj by the then-Emperor George V, on December 12, 1911. The capital was shifted from Calcutta as Delhi was the financial and political seat of many earlier empires and was located closer to the geographical center of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : To declare the assumption of the Government of India by the crown a Durbar was held at Allahabad on November 1, 1858, by the Viceroy Lord Canning. Queen`s proclamation was read by Lord Canning. As per the proclamation, the administration of India came into the direct hands of British Government.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Cornwallis realised that in order to consolidate the British rule in India, it was very important to organise the civil services. Civil Services was started by Lord Cornwallis and hence he is called the “Father of Indian Civil Service”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Churchill said that the Charter did not apply to India, for he had ‘not become His Majesty’s first minister to preside over the liquidation of the British empire’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : As per the Rowlatt act the govemment had the power to arrest any person without showing any reason, the acts were threat to the civil liberties. Later, this act became the reason for occurrence of Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1756, the British formally declared war against France. In addition, Spanish attempts to aid France in the Americas had failed, and France also suffered defeats against British forces in India. The Seven Years’ War ended with the signing of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in February 1763.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Mountbatten: Last Viceroy of India (1947-1948) Lord Mountbatten served as last Viceroy of India from 12 February 1947 – 15 August 1947; and then first Governor General of Free India from 15 August 1947 – 21 June 1948. During his tenure, India got independence in the form of two dominions of India Pakistan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : British Parliament brought the Government of India Act, 1858, which made the following changes: i. Transferred powers from the East India Company to the Crown. ii. A member of British Parliament was made secretary of state of India to exercise powers on behalf of the Crown and was responsible to the British Parliament. iii. The Governor General for India was provided with an Executive Council, whose decision he was empowered to override.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : At that time, Lord Hardinge was the Governor General of the British held territories in India, and he was the one that shifted the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Till the end of the 17th Century the growth of the executive and legislative powers of the East india Company depended on Crown.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Battle of Porto Novo was fought on 1 July 1781 between forces of the Kingdom of Mysore and British East India Company in the place called Porto Novo (now known as Parangipettai) on the Indian subcontinent, during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The British force, numbering more than 8,000 under the command of Sir Eyre Coote defeated a force estimated at 40,000 under the command of Hyder Ali.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The naval Battle of Swally, also known as Battle of Suvali, took place on 29–30 November 1612 off the coast of Suvali (anglicised to Swally) a village near the Surat city (now in Gujarat, India) and was a victory for four English East India Company galleons over four Portuguese galleons and 26 barks (rowing vessels with no armament).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji was elected to the British house of commons from the Finsbury Central Constituency in the elections of 1892 by a narrow margin of 3 votes by defeating Fredrick Thomas Penton. Being a subject of the British crown (Being a citizen of British India) he was allowed to take part in the election.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first Indian to contest an election to the British House of Commons was Womesh Chandra Banerjee.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Nil Darpan (The Indigo Mirror) is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published in Dhaka in 1860, under a pseudonym of the author. The play was essential to Nil Vidroha, better known as the Indigo Revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields to protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Treaty of Lahore was signed on 9 March 1846 after the First Sikh War. After the defeat of the Sikhs at the Battle of Sobraon the British were able to march into Lahore without any further battles. After the British reached the city of Lahore the treaty was signed.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Emperor Farrukhsiyar issued the British East India Company such a farman in 1717. It allowed the Company to live and trade for free in Mughal India except for an annual payment. They were also given the right to issue dastak or trade permits to transfer goods, which the officials largely used for their own gains.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lord Irwin was the Governor General and Viceroy of India (1926-1931). On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. This was the most tumultuous period for the politics of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Max Muller

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Thomas Babington Macaulay was the secretary to the Board of control of India during the British rule. He was the secretary under Lord Grey from 1832 to 1833. He is known for his Minute on Indian Education which came out in February 1835. He wanted to teach English to the people of India and not Sanskrit or Persian.

Answer: Option A
Explanation :
I. Appointment of the Simon Commission – November 1927
II. Formation of the first Labour Government in Britain – January 1924
III. Submission of the Nehru report – August 1928
IV. Inauguration of the First Round Table Conference – November 1930

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Secretary of State is also deemed as Political Head of India. The post was created in Charter Act of 1858. The first Secretary of state was Lord Stanley.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Naoroji published Poverty and un-British Rule in India in 1901. It analysed the nature of the British rule in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Governor- General Lord Curzon shown great interest in the preservation of ancient monuments.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : When the East India Company was established India was ruled by a Mughal Emperor.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Shivaram Hari Rajguru (24 August 1908 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian revolutionary from Maharashtra, known mainly for his involvement in the assassination of a British Raj police officer.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As part of the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation to Britain of British and other Allied forces in Europe from 26 May to 4 June 1940. After the Phoney War, the Battle of France began in earnest on 10 May 1940.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bengal British India Society founded in Calcutta on 20 April 1843, was the Second political public association to be formed in British India, the first being the zamindari association (1837).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Government of India Act 1858 was passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Satyendranath Tagore became first Indian who cracked I.C.S. or Indian Civil Service examination.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Regulating Act ( May 3, 1773): In 1765, after the battle of Buxer the East India Company got the Diwani ( Right to collect Revenue) of Bengal , Bihar and Orissa. The Governor General was assisted by four councilors. Their tenure of office was fixed for 5 years.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Governor General William Bentinck had entertained Ranjit Singh with great honour at Ropar.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1858 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed on August 2, 1858. Its provisions called for the liquidation of the British East India Company (who had up to this point been ruling British India under the auspices of Parliament) and the transference of its functions to the British Crown.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Palmerston was the prime minister of Britain at the time of commencement of the Government of India Act, 1858.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In August 1858, the British parliament passed an act that set an end to the rule of the company. The control of the British government in India was transferred to the British crown. At this time, Victoria was the queen of Britain.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The British Parliament was the supreme body in the Britain at the time of commencement of the Government of India Act- 1858.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms or more briefly known as Mont-Ford Reforms were reforms introduced by the colonial government in British India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India during the latter parts of World War I and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first Secretary of state was Lord Stanley, who prior to 2 August 1858, served as President of the Board of Control. The Secretary of State was now the political head of the India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The British colony of Burma was part of the British run-state in India, the Empire of India, from 1824 to 1937. It is not the provision of government of India act, 1935.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Warren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1772 to 1785.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian National congress was fromed in 1885 during the Viceroyalty of Lord Dufferin. The first Chairman of INC was W.C.Banerjee.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Simla Conference called by Viceroy Lord Wavell (to discuss the so-called Wavell Plan) in June 1945 failed on account of Jinnah’s demand that the Muslim League alone would nominate Muslim members to the Executive Council, the demand of the Congress to include the members of all communities in their quota to the Executive Council, the demand of the Scheduled Castes to reserved seats in the Executive Council in Proportion to their population.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Immediately after putting his legs in India, Lord Cornwallis in 1786 opined once-for-all settlement with the zamindars for the collection of land revenue. In fact, Lord Cornwallis cut the Gordian knot in 1790 when the decennial permanent settlement system was decided to be introduced in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton was selected as Viceroy to India to fulfill the ambitious plans of Disraeli in Afghanistan.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji said that the exploitative nature of British rule was ‘Bleeding India White’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tipu Sultan had requested Napoleon for help in driving the British away from India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On June 18th 1858, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, one of the most important figures of India’s First War of Independence, died while fighting against the British in Gwalior.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Mutiny was brought to an end with the fall of Gwalior into the hands of the British in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Permanent Settlement (also Premanent Settlement of Bengal) was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. It was an agreement between the British East India Company and the Landlords of Bengal to settle the Land Revenue to be raised.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms (or as the Minto-Morley Reforms), was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The writers of the East India Company had their training in the college at Haileybury in England.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gandhiji launched Quit India Movement on 8th August 1942 in Bombay session of congress. It is also known as August revolutoion.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known as Father of Local Self Government in India. This was not enacted by any act, it was a resolution that was passed in 1882.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Napoleon Bonaparte war lord is also known as ‘little corporal’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Introduction of western education was another important factor which paved the way for the growth of nationalism. Three main agencies were responsible for the spread of modem education in India. They were the foreign Christian missionaries, the British Government and the progressive Indians.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : During the Viceroyalty of Sir John Lawrence the bone of contention between India and Bhutan was Duars.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Vasco Da Gama sailed from Lisbon on July 8, 1497, with a crew of 170 men. He arrived at Calicut (now Kozhikode) on May 20, 1498.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The island of Bombay had been given to the British Prince Charles II as dowry by the Portuguese.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866, in collaboration with Indians and retired British officials in London. It superseded the London Indian Society and was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the Government.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During the first hundred years of the British rule in India, people’s resentment and opposition to the British policies mainly surfaced in the form of tribal uprisings, peasant uprisings.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The rules of the permanent settlement made every individual zamindar and talukdar the permanent and absolute proprietors of the land under their control. As absolute proprietors of land, zamindars and talukdars were required to pay revenue to government at a rate fixed permanently.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Dual System of Government in Bengal was the brainchild of Lord Clive.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Malabar Special Police (MSP) is a paramilitary unit of the State Police of Kerala.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The age for eligibility in civil services was brought down from 21 to 19 years by Lord Lytton.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In the 18th Century the Royal prerogative in the affairs of the East India Company was controlled by The Parliament in England.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In March 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill appointed the Cripps Mission to resolve Indian political crisis because he was under pressure from the US President Roosevelt and of the gravity of the Japanese war menace on India’s borders.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : William Logan (1841–1914) was a Scottish officer of the Madras Civil Service under the British Government. Before his appointment as Collector of Malabar, he had served in the area for about twenty years in the capacity of Magistrate and Judge. He was conversant in Malayalam, Tamil and Telugu.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Round Table Conference officially inaugurated by George V on November 12, 1930 in Royal Gallery House of Lords at London and chaired by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. The three British political parties were represented by sixteen delegates.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal, placed Bombay in the possession of the British Empire, as part of Catherine’s dowry to Charles.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : S.N. Banerjee started an all-India campaign for restoring the entrance age of 21 and for simultaneous ICS examination in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Mayo was stabbed when he was in Andamans. He was first and last Viceory murdered in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Indian Independence Act 1947 passed on 1st August 1947 by the British Parliament in reign of Prime minister Clement Attlee (Labour party). On 14 August 1947 India divided into two dominion states Pakistan (14th August) and India (15th August).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India, however the company’s monopoly in trade with china and trade in tea with India was kept intact. Thus, trade with India for all commodities except Tea was thrown open to all British subjects.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Before the Regulating Act was passed in 1773, there was A Committee of 24 at home to, administer the East India Company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : It was passed to expand participation of Indians in the government of India. The Act embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chemlsford. The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. The Act received royal assent on 23 December 1919.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The policy is most commonly associated with Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General of the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The exclusive right of trading between The Cape of Good Hope and the Straits of Magellan was granted to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Despite holding a monopoly, the East India Company had faced competition from what it had termed as the ‘interlopers’ represented by the British free merchants.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Regulating Act 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company’s rule in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Mayo was killed by an Afridi Pathan Sher Ali Afridi in Port Blair of Andaman and Nicobar on 8th Feb, 1972.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Under this provision Lord William Bentinck became the first Governor-General of India. It deprived the Governors of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers. For the first time, the Governor-General’s Government was known as the ‘Government of India’ and his council as the ‘India Council’ in 1858.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Indian Association was founded on October 29, 1851 at Calcutta with Raja Radhakanta Dev and Debendranath Tagore as its President and Secretary respectively. Other members of the Association included Ramgopal Ghosh, Peary Chand Mitra and Krishnadas Pal. Its membership was kept exclusive to Indians.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 has long been held as one of England’s greatest military achievements. The successful defence of the kingdom against invasion on such an unprecedented scale boosted the prestige of England’s Queen Elizabeth I and encouraged a sense of English pride and nationalism.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Government of India Act 1833 converted the title into “Governor-General of India.” The title “Viceroy and Governor-General” was first used in the queen’s proclamation appointing Viscount Canning in 1858.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Governor of the East India Company was Elected by the members of the East India Company itself.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Dalhousie introduced Postage stamp, he also introduced Railway, Telegram and PWD.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : British member of Parliament (House of commons) Benziman Disraeli admitted the revolt of 1857 as a National Revolt. V.D. SavarKar describe this revolt as the Indian’s first struggle for Independence.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first constitutional measure Introduced by the British in India which worked till the framing of the Indian Constitution was the Act of 1935.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Regulating Act of 1773 was the first landmark in the constitutional development of India. Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered into affairs of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives. After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ‘The Causes of the Indian Mutiny’ – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton held an Imperial Durbar at Delhi in 1877 to announce Queen Victoria as the Empress of India at a time when a large part of the country was in the grip of a severe famine.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Thomas Munro and Captain Reid known as the father of the Ryotwari Settlement in India. It was firstly introduced in district ‘BARAMAHAL’ of Tamilnadu. By this settlement the Ryott-Cultivator was recognised as a owner of field and he had to pay revenue to British Government directly.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The East India Company was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. Incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600, it was started as a monopolistic trading body so that England could participate in the East Indian spice trade.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Fakir-Sannyasi Resistance an armed resistance of the combined body of Muslim fakirs (sufis) and Hindu sannyasis (yogis) against the dominance of the English East India Company in Bengal. This resistance began in 1760 and continued for more than four decades.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The British Government in defiance of the opinion of all parties in India had deliberately decided to appoint an all British Commission.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Treaty of Mangalore was signed between Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784. It was signed in Mangalore and brought an end to the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Viceroy Mayo- Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, KP, GCSI, PC, styled Lord Naas between 1842 and 1867, called Lord Mayo in India, was a statesman, Viceroy of India and prominent member of the British Conservative Party from Dublin, Ireland. Viceroy Lytton- Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton GCB GCSI GCIE PC was an English statesman, Conservative politician, and poet. He served as Viceroy of India between 1876 and 1880 – during his tenure as which Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India – and as British Ambassador to France from 1887 to 1891. Viceroy Lansdowne- Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC was a British statesman who served successively as the fifth Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Viceroy Linlithgow- Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow, KG, KT, FRSE, GCSI, GCIE, OBE was a British Unionist politician, agriculturalist and colonial administrator. He served as Governor-General and Viceroy of India from 1936 to 1943. He was usually referred to simply as Linlithgow.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The trade of tea was most profitable to Britishers that’s why they turned to cultivator in Assam to grow Tea.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : February 20, 1947 had premier Attlee conceded that the British would quit India by June, 1948.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Hindu Widows Remarriage Act of 1856, provided legal safeguards against loss of certain forms of inheritance for remarrying a Hindu widow, though, under the Act, the widow forsook any inheritance due her from her deceased husband.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The same person acted as deputy Dewan on behalf of the East Indian Company and as Deputy Subedar on behalf of the Bengal Nawab. The British East India Company was suffering from massive amounts of debts incurred primarily from annual contractual payments due to the British government totaling £400,000 per year.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After Jallianwala Bagh tragedy a commission was estb. under William Wilson Hunter in 1919. It is known as Hunter commission but the report of commission was rejected by INC,and new commission was estb. under Madan Mohan Malviya.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : the british colonial policies in india proved moat ruinous for indian handicrafts. The real blow to Indian handicrafts fell after 1813, when they lost not only their foreign markets but, what was of much greater importance, their market in India itself. The Industrial Revolution in Britain completely transformed Britain’s economy and its economic relations with India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : At about 9 p.m. on the evening of 11 September 1855 Conolly was attacked and killed at the Collector’s Residence at West Hill Bungalow, Calicut by a small group of Mappilas. Conolly was buried in what is now Conolly Park, near South Beach Road; the headstone of his tomb was moved to the premises of the C.S.I. St. Mary’s English Church, Calicut in 1997.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : He was the first Governor of Bihar and Orissa, first Indian Advocate-General of Bengal, first Indian to become a member of the Viceroy’s executive Council and the first Indian to become a member of the British ministry. He is sometimes also referred as Satyendra Prasanno Sinha or Satyendra Prasad Sinha.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Treaty of Surat (6 March 1775) was a treaty by which Raghunathrao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the English, in consideration of being himself restored to Poona. The military operations that followed are known as the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Many of them lost their zamindaris to the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of the zamindari or the new class of urban-based absentee landlords due to the introduction of zamindari or the permanent settlement, and the strict manner of revenue collection by the British.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Burma achieved independence from British rule on 4 January 1948.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On 8 August 1940, early in the Battle of Britain, the Viceroy of India, Lord Linlithgow, made the so-called “August Offer”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : British Introduced the railways in India (1853) to facilitate British commerce and administrative control.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1877 the entrance age to ICS was reduced from 21 to 19.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control, had an important effect on spreading English learning and female education in India. When in 1855 he sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India.Wood suggested that primary colleges must adopt vernacular languages, high schools must adopt Anglo verncular language and on college level English medium for education. This is known as Wood’s despatch. Vocational and women’s education were not stressed upon.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The correct chronological order of the Governors-General during British India were Wellesley, Marquess of Hastings, Amherst, Bentinck.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse i.e any princely state under the direct influence of East India Company, as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either “manifestly in competent or died without a male heir. The series of state annexed – Satara, Jaipur, Sambhal pur, Jhansi (1854).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Englishmen’s easy success in trade and in establishing independent and fortified settlements at Madras and at Bombay, and the preoccupation of Aurangzeb with the anti-Maratha campaigns led the English to abandon the role of humble petitioners.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Raja Ram Mohan Roy convinced the British in 1829 to outlaw Sati.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The act was proposed by Lord Lytton, then Viceroy of India, and was unanimously passed by the Viceroy’s Council on 14 March 1878.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi gave up the title of Kaiser-i-Hind and returned all the war medals which were awarded to him by the British for his war services (during the First World War) in support of the Khilafat demand when the Central Khilafat Committee organised a general all-India hartal on August 1, 1920.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB, FRS, also known as Clive of India, Commander-in-Chief of British India, was a British officer and privateer who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Bengal.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Throughout the 19th century intermittent uprisings occurred in Malabar, especially in the Ernad and Valluvanad taluks.Twenty two such riots were reported from different parts of Malabar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Britisher invested in agriculture to fulfil the demand of raw materials required for industries in Britain. So, British persuaded or forced cultivator in Bengal to grow Jute (it also known as golden fibre).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1614 Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by James I to visit the court of Jahangir, the Moghul emperor of Hindustan to arrange a commercial treaty and to secure for the East India Company sites for commercial agencies. Sir Thomas was successful, and though the Great Moghul Jahangir was contemptuous of the presents sent him by James I, he sent him a remarkably polite letter.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The headquarters of East India Company were located at Fort William in Bengal. Fort William is a fort built in Calcutta (presently Kolkata) on the eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganges, during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India. It was named after King William III of England. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, which used to be a part of the Fort and is the largest urban park in Calcutta.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sadr-Di-wani-Adalat during Mughal and British rule in India was a High Court of Civil and Revenue matters.The Ṣadr Dīwānī ʿAdālat was the Supreme Court of Revenue in British India established at Calcutta by Warren Hastings in 1772. It was reformed in 1780 and again in 1793 by the British Parliament.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : British established a trading post in 1612 at Gujarat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 2nd September 1946 the Interim Government of India was formed. This temporary government was formed from the Constituent Assembly of India (which was then newly elected). This government was entrusted the task of helping the transition of India and Pakistan from British rule to Independence as two separate nations.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After the commencement of the government of India Act-1858, Viceroy of the state was to British Governor-General of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Naoroji Dadabhai Is the author of books such as Poverty and Un-British Rule In India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : the english rounded calcutta after obtaining the zamindari of three villages, viz sutanuti, kalikata and govindpur, from the mughal viceroy of bengal in 1698. The nucleus of the british settlement in calcutta was Fort William.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The inauguration of the Ganapati and Shivaji Festivals was done by 1895.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir William Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The introduction of the bill led to intense opposition in Britain and from British settlers in India that ultimately played on racial tension before it was enacted in 1884 in a severely compromised state. The bitter controversy deepened antagonism between the British and Indians and was a prelude to the formation of the Indian National Congress in the next two years. There was also a strong protest among Europeans.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lytton put on the statute book two obnoxious measures— the vernacular press Act and Indian Arms Act. Lytton’ s unpopular acts provoked a great storm of opposition in the country and led to the organisation of various political associations for carrying an anti-Government propaganda in the country.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Canning (1858–62): The Indian Councils Act of 1862 was passed, which proved to be a landmark in the constitutional history of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : One of the most remarkable acts passed during the times of Lord Curzon was the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act of 1904. This act made any injury to the protected monuments an offence punishable under the law.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : After Sepoy Mutiny rule established in 1857, British govt. started ruling over India, Governor general became the Viceroy and Lord Canning became the last Governor General and first Viceroy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Daman and Diu were once part of a combined union territory along with Goa (a Konkani-speaking region), before Goa became a state in 1987. The use of Portuguese, which was the territory’s official language during the colonial period, is in decline and relegated to home use.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Mountbatten had replaced Lord Wavell as the viceroy of India in 1947.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The First Opium War, fought over opium trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status, began in 1839 and was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Pitt’s India Act 1784 or the East India Company Act 1784 was passed in the British Parliament to rectify the defects of the Regulating Act 1773. It resulted in dual control or joint government in India by Crown in Great Britain and the British East India Company, with crown having ultimate authority.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Wellesley’s aims were expansionism and imperialism. He wan­ted to expand the British dominions in India to such an extent that it should become the sovereign power in India. His expansionist mind would not remain content with British remaining one of the powers in India, as such he set himself to the task of converting India into an empire of Britain. Another aim, which was ancillary to his main objective, was removal of French influence from India and to make possibility of French territorial expansion of India impossible.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Dadabhai Naroji was the first Anglo Indian to elect the British Parliament. He also known as Grand Old Man of India. He introduced, drain of wealth theory.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : English East India Company became the legitimate masters of Bengal Suba after battle of Buxar which was held on 22 Oct, 1764 between East lndia company led by Hector Munro and Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal), Mughal emperor Shah Alam, Nawab of Avadh Shira-jud-daula.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dyarchy, also spelled diarchy, system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Nana Saheb was the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II. His annual pension was stopped because the British refused to recognize him as the legitimate heir to the throne as he was adopted.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom announced on 20 February 1947 that: the British Government would grant full self-government to British India by 30 June 1948 at the latest, The future of the Princely States would be decided after the date of final transfer is decided.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ripon was a true democrat. He took some steps towards liberalizing the administration in India. His aim was to give popular and political education to the Indians. He formulated the local self government and laid the foundations of representative institutions in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The statements that are correct related to the Revolt of the Bhils are They defied British authority for 50 years from 1818. Their revolt was finally ended by the British through military operations as well as conciliatory measures.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gandhi had been provoked into crusading for the lot of the Asians in South Africa by the British law called cl Asiatic Registration.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The civil rebellions against the British was initially started at Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Charles Hardinge was the Viceroy when the capital of India was shifted from Calcutta (now Kolkata) to Delhi in 1911. There is a well known medical college in Delhi named after the Viceroy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Joseph-François Dupleix was a colonial administrator and governor-general of the French territories in India, who nearly realized his dream of establishing a French empire in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Battle of Wandiwash was a decisive battle in India during the Seven Years’ War. The Count de Lally’s army, burdened by a lack of naval support and funds, attempted to regain the fort at Vandavasi, now in Tamil Nadu. This was the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and the British.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The statements that are correct related to the Charter Act of 1793 were Renewed the Charter of the Company for 20 more years. Regulated the finances of the Company. Prohibited the Commander-in-Chief from being a member of the Governor General’s Council.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Britishers established there first trading center in Surat. After that in Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : During the reign of Dalhousie East India Company annexed Punjab in 1849. Most of the Punjab region was annexed by the East India Company in 1849, and was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British control. In 1858, the Punjab, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Subsidiary Alliance System was “Non-Intervention Policy” used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General (1798-1805) to establish British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of British army.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lord Ripon is known to have granted the Indians first taste of freedom by introducing the Local Self Government in 1882. His scheme of local self government developed the Municipal institutions which had been growing up in the country ever since India was occupied by the British Crown.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Battle of Wandiwash, (Jan. 22, 1760), in the history of India, a confrontation between the French, under the comte de Lally, and the British, under Sir Eyre Coote. It was the decisive battle in the Anglo-French struggle in southern India during the Seven Years War (1756–63).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Charter granted to the East India Company. Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a formal charter to the London merchants trading to the East Indies, hoping to break the Dutch monopoly of the spice trade in what is now Indonesia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : By the Act of 1773, Parliament granted a loan of Rs 400,000 to the East India Company.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap British.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned in 1908 to Mandalay for six years. Tilak criticise the Britishers in his newspaper, under a article name ‘Bharat ki Durdasha’ and this became the reason for his imprisonment.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Madras was returned by the French to the British in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Treaty of Salbai was signed on 17 May 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War. David Anderson concluded the Treaty of Salbai on behalf of the East India Company.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The master stroke of Lord Wellesley to establish British paramountcy in India was Subsidiary Alliance.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The very conditions of British rule helped the growth of national sentiment. Roy was the first Indian leader to start an agitation for political reforms in India. There is a moral evil which, if anything, is even greater.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1831 Bentinck signed a treaty with Ranjit Singh to protect the British territories from Russian menace.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As a result of the partition of Bengal announced by Lord Curzon in 1905, Bengal was partitioned into two provinces of Bengal and Eastern Bengal & Assam.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Regulating Act, (1773), legislation passed by the British Parliament for the regulation of the British East India Company’s Indian territories, mainly in Bengal.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In India Lord Macaulay (Thomas Balington Macaulay) is fully credited with the official introduction of English education though the necessary order on the subject were given by Lord William Bentinck the governor general of India on 7th March 1835.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Ripon made remarkable contribution to the development of local government. In 1882, he abandoned the existing system of local government by the officially nominated people.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During the time period of Indian University act,1904 Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Simon Commission had visited India on April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. In 1927, British government appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India when Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on April 13, 1919.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1767 Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao defeated both Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan and entered Srirangapatna, the capital of Mysore.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The following on the chronology of appointment of Viceroys were Reading, Irwin, Wellingdon and Linlithgow.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On account of severe British repression the Civil Disobedience movement was again suspended In July 1933 and people were asked to offer Satyagraha individually.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Morley became secretary of state for India in Henry Campbell-Bannerman’s Cabinet of 1905.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhi was in full swing during the Viceroyalty of Reading.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Charter act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India, however the company’s monopoly in trade with china and trade in tea was remained intact. The charter act of 1813, for the first time explicitly defined the constitutional position of the British territories in India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Queen Victoria’s famous proclamation, A Royal Durbar was held at Allahabad in November 1, 1858. A proclamation was issued by Queen Victoria. It was read at the Durbar by Lord Canning, who was the last Governor General and the first Viceroy of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Babur (14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in India.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Zahiruddin Muhammad was born on February 14, 1483 in the town of Andijan, in the Fergana Valley which is in modern Uzbekistan.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father’s side and from Chagatai, the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Babur married several times. Notable among his sons are Humayun, Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza. Babur died in 1530 in Agra and was succeeded by Humayun.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Mughal leader Babur originally invaded northern India because he was unable to achieve his ambitious goals in central Asia.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The town has recorded essentialness as Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden close to the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Raja Birbal was the only Hindu to adopt Din-i-Ilahi, the religion founded by Akbar.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ramayana was translated by Mulla Abdul Qadir Badayuni into Persian.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khanzada Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana (17 December 1556 – 1627) also known as baba Rahim was a poet who lived during the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar. He was one of the nine important ministers (dewan) in his court, also known as the Navaratnas.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After Akbar’s victory over Rajputanas of Chittor and Ranthambore, he shifted his capital from Agra to a new city which named ‘Fatehpur Sikri’ (the city of victory).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Jean-Baptiste Colbert founded the French East India Company in 1664. The initial attempts of the company to found a successful colony on Madagascar got failed. In 1667, under Francis Caron, the company established first factory at Surat and second factory was established at Masulipattanam a year later.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Zagirdari system was the system of giving an official right to collect revenue from a particular area called ‘Zagir’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : During the Mughal rule, the police duties in the districts were entrusted to the officials known as Faujdar.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the Mughal administration, military recruitment had been looked after by the Bakhshi.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During Jahangir’s reign did William Hawkins visit the Mughal court to secure a right. to trade in Mughal ports.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mughal Emperor Jahangir had a keen interest in music. He also composed few hindi songs. Jahangir, the Mughal Emperor, is credited with the composition of many Hindi songs.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh (3 November 1688 – 21 September 1743) was the Hindu Rajput ruler of the kingdom of Amber (later called Jaipur). He was born at Amber, the capital of the Kachwahas. He became ruler of Amber at the age of 11 after his father Maharaja Bishan Singh died on 31 December 1699.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Mughal architecture reached its zenith during the reign of Shah Jahan, who constructed the Taj Mahal, the Jama Masjid, the Red Fort, and the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : So’aal o Jawaab bain-e-Laal Daas wa Dara Shikoh (also called Mukaalama-i Baba Laal Daas wa Dara Shikoh) Sirr-e-Akbar (The Great Secret, his translation of the Upanishads in Persian) Persian translations of the Yoga Vasishta and Bhagavad Gita.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Mughal painting remained confined to the Mughal court and did not reach the people.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mukarrab Khan with his large army attacked Sambhji Maharaj with an army of 4000. The 400 Maratha soldiers attacked so ferociously, that Mukarab Khan was taken by surprise. Sambhaji Maharaj along with Kavi Kalash was captured and taken as prisoner to Aurangzeb who killed him with utmost brutality.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Babur found leisure to summon from Constantinople pupils of the famous Albanian architect, Sinan, who had designed many important buildings in the Ottoman Empire and set them to work on mosques and other architectural monuments commemorating his conquest of Hindustan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Jizya was abolished by the third Mughal emperor Akbar, in 1564. It was finally abolished in 1579.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The First Anglo–Mysore War (1766–1769) was a conflict in India between the Sultanate of Mysore and the East India Company. The war was instigated in part by the machinations of Asaf Jah II, the Nizam of Hyderabad, who sought to divert the company’s resources from attempts to gain control of the Northern Circars.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Mughal Emperor Babur died in 1530. He was first buried at Aaram Bagh, Agra. Later his remains were moved to Bagh-e-Babur (Babur Gardevs),Kabul.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Under the Mughals artillery was administered as a department of the household.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first Mughal emperor to crown Agra as capital of mughal empire, was Akbar in the year 1526. The capital of mughal empire was changed from Agra to Delhi by Shah Jahan in the year 1638.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Battle of Khanwa was fought near the village of Khanwa, in Bharatpur District of Rajasthan, on March 16, 1527. It was fought between the invading forces of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput forces led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, after the Battle of Panipat.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 AD and founded the Mughal empire.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526). This marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of the Mughal Empire. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowderfirearms and field artillery.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Battle of Khanwa was fought near the village of Khanwa, in Bharatpur District of Rajasthan, on March 16, 1527. It was fought between the invading forces of the first Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput forces led by Rana Sanga of Mewar, after the Battle of Panipat.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1526, the First Battle of Panipat saw the introduction of massed artillery tactics to Indian warfare. Under the guidance of Ottoman gun master Ustad Ali Quli, Babur deployed cannons behind a screening row of carts.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Babar’s autobiography, called Tuzuk-i-Baburi or Baburnama, which is reckoned among “the most enthralling and romantic works in the literature of all times” is written in Turki.