Kishen

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The British ruled over India for about two centuries. They started interference in the religious matters and other social practices of Hindus and Muslims and it infuriated the Indians and their anger resulted in the armed revolt of 1857. The roots of the 1857 revolt lay in Blatantly discriminatory policies, exploitative land revenue policy and the policy of greased cartridges.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, North India’s First War of Independence or North India’s first struggle for independence. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company’s army.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The most important impact of revolt of 1857 is that the administration of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown. The queen’s proclamation of 1858 announced that the policy of territorial extension was to be abandoned. Unity was forged between the Hindus and Muslims.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Revolt of 1857 was localized and poorly organized. Due to lack of communication facilities, the sepoys of the widely dispersed cantonments could not act simultaneously in a concerted manner. The sepoys lacked common ideal before them. The sepoys at Delhi decided to recovery the glory of the Mughal. At Gwalior and Kanpur, Nana Sahib was proclaimed a Peshwa. Rani Lakhmi Bai fought for her Jhansi. The orthodox section among the Hindus and the Muslims were concerned with their religions. There was no unity among the Hindus and the Muslims.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Indian National Congress, at its historic Lahore session in December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, adopted a resolution to gain complete independence from the British.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : A. O. Hume was not associated with extremist leadership of Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Aurobindo Ghosh called Indian National Congress as ‘begging institute’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Statement (s) that are correct related to the Indian National Congress are The Poorna Swarajya resolution was passed in Lahore session of the Congress held in December and The Congress Working Committee which met on January 2, 1930, decided that January 26,1930, should be observed as the Poorna Swarajya Day.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Dufferin initially did not take Congress much seriously. He initially called Congress as representative of “microscopic minority of India” but later in the fourth session of Allahabad, the Government servants were disallowed to take part in the proceedings of the Congress.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Aruna Asaf Ali (née Aruna Ganguly; 16 July 1909 – 29 July 1996) was an Indian independence activist. She is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag at the Gowalia Tank maidan in Bombay during the Quit India Movement, 1942.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi walked 24 days (12th March – 5th April, 1936) with 78 volunteers in salt Satygraha from Sabarmati to Dandi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Two great socio-religious reformers of the 19th century who provided inspiration to the Indian National Movement were Dayanand Saraswati and Vivekananda.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. On 18 March 1922, he was imprisoned for six years for publishing seditious materials.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : It is the best weapon of the weak against the strong is the statement about Mahatma Gandhi’s views on Satyagraha is not correct.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Gandhi Irwin Pact was endorsed by the Congress in the Karachi Session of 1931, that was held from March 26-31. Gandhi was nominated to represent Congress in the Second Round Table Conference. So, there was anger in the public whose point was that why Gandhi did accept to sign the pact.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bhoodan Movement or Land Gift Movement, was a voluntary land reform movement in India, started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village which is now in Telangana, India and known as Bhoodan Pochampally.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn because of the Chauri Chaura incident. Although he had stopped the national revolt single-handedly, on 10 March 1922, Gandhi was arrested. This led to suppression of the movement and was followed by the arrest of other leaders.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bipin Chandra Pal (7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an Indian nationalist, a freedom fighter, writer, orator and social reformer of Sylheti origin. He was one of the main architects of the Swadeshi movement. He stood against the partition of West Bengal. He was not moderate.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sri Aurobindo Ghosh (1872-1950) who used the theory of Passive Resistance as a technique for social change during the period of India’s national liberation movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Vellore Mutiny was one of the earliest sign of a great mutiny coming up in 1857. The Vellore Mutiny was a major act of defiance that took place on July 10, 1806 and marked the first ever large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the East India Company.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Agra was not the centre of the revolt on 1857. Other important cities of this revolt were Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow, Gwalior.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The causes for the failure of the Great Revolt of 1857 were The rebels lacked effective leadership, There was no central organisation to guide them and Their military equipment was inferior to that of the English.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Nana Sahab and Begum of Awadh are among the following leaders of the Revolt of 1857 managed to escape to Nepal.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In 1913, Pacific Coast Hindustan Association was founded by Lala Hardayal with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president, which was called Ghadar Party. The members of this party were the immigrant sikhs of US and Canada. The first issue of The Ghadar, was published from San Francisco on November 1, 1913.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Begum Hazrat Mahal, also called as Begum of Awadh, was the second wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Wajid Ali Shah met her in his palace. She rebelled against the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She finally found asylum in Nepal where she died in 1879.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On August 2, 1858, less than a month after Canning proclaimed the victory of British arms, Parliament passed the Government of India Act, transferring British power over India from the East India Company, whose ineptitude was primarily blamed for the mutiny, to the crown.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : After the initial success of the Revolt of 1857, the objective for which the leaders of the revolt worked was elimination of foreign rule and return of the old order.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The main objective of the Wahabi movement which during 1852-70 was particularly active in the Punjab, Bengal, Bihar and the NWFP was To overthrow the Sikhs in the Punjab and the British in Bengal and to restore Muslim power in India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Govind Dhondu Pant, popularly known was Nanasaheb, and one of the principal leaders of the Revolt of 1857, was the adopted heir and successor of Peshwa Baji Rao II.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : As per the Act of Indian Independence, the boundaries of East Bengal, West Bengal and Assam would be determined by the Award of a Boundary Commission.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lord Curzon asked Queen Victoria to separate Bengal. Because they were scared if the Muslims and Hindus got together they could start a war. 500 meetings were held in East Bengal alone. The Swadeshi movement had genesis in the anti-partition movement which started to oppose the British decision to partition Bengal.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The following historical events in the chronological order of their occurrence are Partition of Bengal – 1905, Champaran Satyagrah – 1917 and Jallianwala Bagh – 1919.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Swadeshi movement started with the partition of Bengal by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon in 1905 and continued up to 1911. It was the most successful of the pre-Gandhian movement. Its chief architects were Aurobindo Ghosh, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : During the Indian Mutiny, from 1857 to 1858, Begum Hazrat Mahal’s band of supporters, led by Raja Jailal Singh, rebelled against the forces of the British; later, they seized control of Lucknow and she declared her son, Birjis Qadra, as the ruler (Wali) of Oudh.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The 1857 revolt did not acquire much intensity in Bombay.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The revolt of 1857 began under the leadership of Bahadur Shah Zafar and it was the last effort of old Political order to regain power.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bahadur Shah Zafar was a nominal Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi (Shahjahanbad). Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now in Myanmar), after convicting him on conspiracy charges.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indigo revolt (or Nil vidroha) was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters that arose in Bengal in 1859.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The following events in a correct sequence of Indian National Movement are Foundation of Indian National Congress- 1885, Home Rule Movement- 1916, Simon Commission- 1928 and Cabinet Mission- 1946.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement was pitched in under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress from September 1920 to February 1922, marking a new awakening in the Indian Independence Movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Chinnaswami Subramania Bharati, also known as Bharathiyar, was a Tamil writer, poet, journalist, Indian independence activist and a social reformer from Tamil Nadu. Popularly known as “Mahakavi Bharati”, he was a pioneer of modern Tamil poetry and is considered one of the greatest Tamil literary figures of all time. He belonged to the extremist wing of the Congress part.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The All India States Peoples’ Conference (AISPC) was a conglomeration of political movements in the princely states of the British Raj, which were variously called Praja Mandals or Lok Parishads. The Praja Mandal movement was a part of the Indian independence movement from the 1920s in which people living in the princely states, who were subject to the rule of local aristocrats rather than the British Raj, campaigned against those feudatory rulers, and sometimes also the British administration, in attempts to improve their civil rights.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In Turkey, a national movement arose under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who was a Pro-western nationalist. He, supported by the western powers, abolished the position of the Caliph. Naturally the Muslims in India became anti British, as the power and influence of their religious leader was ended. Muslims were especially upset about the future of the Islamic places of worship after the allied powers had partitioned the Turkish Empire.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The movement continued to linger in a non-effective manner till early April 1934 when Mahatma Gandhi announced his decision to withdraw the Civil Disobedience Movement. With these developments, the second phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement came to an end. The constructive programme may otherwise and more fittingly be called construction of Poorna Swaraj or complete independence by truthful and nonviolent means. Effort for construction of Independence so called through violent and, therefore, necessarily untruthful means we know only too painfully. Look at the daily destruction of property, life and truth in the present war. Complete Independence through truth and non-violence means the independence of every unit, be it the humblest of the nation, without distinction of race, colour or creed.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The peasant movements, revolts, riots, struggles, etc. in 19th century, India remained mainly localised because they grew out of local grievances.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi launched civil disobedience movement on 12th March, 1930 (with break of salt law). Mahatma Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 from Sabarmati Ashram.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement. The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of education for the Muslim population of British India, during the later decades of the 19th century. The movement′s name derives from the fact that its core and origins lay in the city of Aligarh in Northern India and, in particular, with the foundation of the Mohammedan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School in 1875. The founder of the oriental college, and the other educational institutions that developed from it, was Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. He became the leading light of the wider Aligarh Movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Namdhari, or Kuka, movement also had its origin in the north-west corner of the Sikh kingdom, away from the places of royal pomp and grandeur. It harked back to a way of life more in keeping with the spiritual tradition of the community. Its principal object was to spread the true spirit of Sikhism shorn of tawdry customs and mannerism, which had been growing on it since the beginning of Sikh monarchy.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Indian obtains some political rights was the achieved milestone of the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Aligarh Muslim University is the creation of the movement. In 1886 Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in order to promote more broadly the educational objectives of Aligarh Movement.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The members of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan’s Red Shirt Movement were known as Khuda-i-Khidamatgar (Servants of God).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi which had some success. Strategies of the Swadeshi movement involved boycotting British products and the revival of domestic products and production processes. L. M. Bhole identifies five phases of the Swadeshi movement. Gandhi gave the call to reject all foreign goods during the Swadeshi Movement.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Young Bengal was a group of radical Bengali free thinkers emerging from Hindu College, Calcutta. They were also known as Derozians, after their firebrand teacher at Hindu College, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The 1907 Punjab unrests were a period of unrest in the British Indian province of Punjab, principally around the Colonisation bill that was implemented in the province in 1906. This timeline has often been called the beginning of the freedom movement in Punjab. Important leaders of this movement include Lala Lajpat Rai, Het Thakkar, among others. In 1907, Lala Lajpat Rai was deported.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bal Gangadhar Tilak born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, lawyer and an independence activist. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. Lokmanya Tilak was in command of the nationalist movement before Gandhi had assumed leadership of the Congress.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Initially started as a religious movement with a view to reforming the Sikh religion by purging it of the degenerate features, Kuka movement, founded in 1840 in Western Punjab, turned into a political struggle against the British. The founder of Kuka movement was Bhagat Jawahar Mal.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On March 12, 1930, Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India. The issue on which the Civil disobedience movement of 1930 was launched was Salt monopoly exercised by the British Government.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : English was made the medium of instruction in India’s schools in 1835, and many Indians increasingly started learning english.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the humiliation of the Turkish Caliph by allied powers after the end of first world war.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Brahmo Samaj was the first to be started in 19th century. It was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. Brahmo Samaj is the societal component of Brahmoism, which began as a monotheistic reformist movement of the Hindu religion that appeared during the Bengal Renaissance.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Quit India Movement was started on 8 Aug,1942 in Bombay under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. In this movement he gave a slogan “Do or Die”. Mahatama Gandhi gave this slogan first time during this movement.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : To violate salt law Gandhiji decided to march from Sabarmati to Dandi (12 March,1930 – 5 April,1930) with 78 delegates. This march is known as Dandi March. This was the beginning of civil disobedience in India and it spread over the different parts of country.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Freedom of India is an end that will purify all means employed to achieve it was not one of the points stressed by Mahatma Gandhi while exhorting the people to join the Quit India Movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Gandhiji started first Satyagraha movement in 1909 in South Africa and in India started in 1917 from Champaran.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Lokmanya Tilak was one of the prominent Indian independence activists. He was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. He was the father of Extremist Movement. The British Colonial authorities derogatorily called him ‘Father of the Indian Unrest’

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement was a significant but short phase of the Indian independence movement from British rule. It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or “Ahimsa”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Arya Samaj is a monotheistic Hindu reform movement founded in India by Swami Dayananda in 1875 at Bombay. He was a sannyasin (ascetic) who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The Theosophical Society was founded in the United States by Madam H.P Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott, who later came to India and founded the headquarters of the Society at Adyar near Madras in 1886.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Non-Cooperation Movement got the support from both Hindus and Muslims. Muslims were opposing British government because of division of Turkey by the allied powers during frist world war.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : On 9th August 1925, Kakori Mail train robbery took place at the town of Kakori about 10 miles north west of Lucknow. The raiders were members of Hindustan Republican Association.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : During Quit India Movement (1942) parallel Government established in a part of India i.e in Ballia (By Chittu Pandey), Tamluk(Bengal), Satara(Maharastra). The parallel government of Satara ran for long time comparatively to others.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The first session of an All India States’ People’s Conference was held in Bombay in December 1927. The Conference brought together representatives from hundreds of Indian princely states, including Baroda, Bhopal, Travancore and Hyderabad.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : G. K. Gokhale freedom fighter opposes the Annie Besant’s idea of launching Home Rule Movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The three dynamic leaders of Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal, who had been promoting self-reliance and opposing the monopoly of the British goods in India, famously came together as the Lal-Bal-Pal trio.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Though Shah Waliullah started it, the actual founder of the Wahabi movement in India was Syed Ahmed (1786-1831) of Raibareilly in Uttar Pradesh. He came in touch with Aziz and 1820-21 onwards started preaching the ideals of Islamic reforms. Syed Ahmed was the founder of wahabi movement in india.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Both statement(s) are correct related to the Non-cooperation Movement. It aimed to resist British rule in India through nonviolent means. Protestors would refuse to buy British goods, adopt the use of local handicrafts and picket liquor shops. The ideas of Ahimsa and nonviolence, and Gandhi’s ability to rally hundreds of thousands of common citizens towards the cause of Indian independence, were first seen on a large scale in this movement through the summer 1920, they feared that the movement might lead to popular violence.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The 24-day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly. It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Non-Cooperation movement started in 1920 under the leadership of M.K Gandhi. Non-Violence was basic and compulsory feature of this movement but in Chauri- Chaura (5th Feb, 1922) the principle of non-violence was not taken care of and Gandhi suspended the movement in Bardoli on 13 Feb, 1922.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Socialism is essentially a movement of the middle classes. Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers self-management, as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Quit India Movement, or the ‘August Movement’, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Correct Chronological order is:
Poona Pact (1932), Quit India movement(1942), Shimla conference (1945), Cabinet mission (1946).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn after the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922. The Working Committee of the Congress met at Bardoli on 11 and 12 February 1922 and passed a resolution suspending mass civil disobedience till the atmosphere was perfectly non-violent.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The main objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement were restoration of the old status of the Caliph (Khilafat Demand) and attainment of Swaraj for India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a Satyagraha movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi. It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement. It was the third Satyagraha movement after Champaran Satyagraha and Ahmedabad mill strike.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ahmedabad Mill Strike, 1918 was one of the initial movements led by Gandhi in the beginning of 20th century after his return from South Africa. It was one of the formative events in the political career of Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Annie Besant gave new hope to the country. “The moment of England’s difficulty is the moment of India’s opportunity.” She started the Home Rule League Movement to be later supported fully by Tilak. It aimed at self-government for India within the British Commonwealth.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : A campaign in defense of the caliph was launched, led in India by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad Ali and by Abul Kalam Azad. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movement for Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Non-Cooperation Movement was started on 1st August, 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. This movement was suspended by Mahatma Gandhi after Chauri Chaura Conspiracy on Feb 5, 1922.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kuka was a religio-political movement in Punjab. Kukas were not part of the main-stream Sikhism of the Sikhs. They wanted caste-abolition, permission of intermarriages, widow-remarriages, abstinence from desi liquor, meat and drugs.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : It was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or “Ahimsa”. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the ‘Quit India’ movement. The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Cripps mission failed to fulfil the desires of Indian political leaders of different political parties to make Constitution assembly. So, INC committee and Gandhi ji decided to launch a movement on 8 Aug 1942 named Quit India Movement from Gwalia Tank Maidan(Mumbai). Gandhi ji gave the slogan ” Do or Die’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In 1925, Periyar E.V.Ramaswamy founded the Self-respect Movement. It was aimed at achieving a society where backward castes to have equal human rights.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The correct chronological order of the establishment of parties during Indian Struggle Movement are Indian National Congress- 1885, Muslim League- 1906, Justice Party- 1917, Swaraj Party- 1923.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Lala Hardayal played an important role in Gadhar Movement, the head office of Gadhar Party was located in San Francisco.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The slogan of Vande Matram was first adopted during Swadeshi Movement that was a part of the Indian Independence Movement. This movement is also referred to as Anti-Bengal Partition Movement. It took place between 1905 and 1911 when Lord Curzon partitioned the Bengal province into two.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The earliest nationalist to commit political dacoities (a feature of the later revolutionary movements) was Vasudev Balwant Phadke. Vasudev Balwant Phadke was an Indian independence activist and revolutionary who sought India’s independence from British. Phadke was moved by the plight of the farmer community during British Raj. Phadke believed that Swaraj was the only remedy for their ills.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Events in correct sequence with reference to the Indian freedom struggle are Surat Split of Congress- 1907, Passing of ‘Indian Press Act’- 1910, Passing of ‘Rowlatt Act’- 1919, Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement- 1920.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Annie Besant joined the National Secular Society in 1874 and worked in the free thought and radical movements led by Charles Bradlaugh, MP.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ghaffar Khan was arrested and sent to jail, the first of many spells of incarceration he endured in British India and then in Pakistan, totalling 27 years. The defining moment for Ghaffar Khan and the Pakhtuns he led was the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Curzon announced division of Bengal in 1905 as a result of this Swadeshi movement was launched in different region of India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Khilafat Movement saw the combined efforts of the Hindus and the Muslims under the supervision of the Indian National Congress against the British Raj.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, better known as Frontier Gandhi, organised the Red Shirt Movement in the NorthWest Frontier Province (NWFP) for social and religious reforms. He was called the Frontier Gandhi. His followers were pledged to nonviolence, and they derived their popular title from the red colour of their shirts. Ghaffar Khan then advocated Pakhtunistan—the concept of an independent Pashtun state, drawn from both the Pakistan and Afghan frontier districts.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Aruna Asaf Ali (née Aruna Ganguly; 16 July 1909 – 29 July 1996) was an Indian independence activist. She is widely remembered for hoisting the Indian National flag at the Gowalia Tank maidan in Bombay during the Quit India Movement, 1942.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Khilafat movement was started by Ali brothers-shaukat Ali and mohammad ali -in protest against the injustices done to Turkey after the first world war. Turkey was important to the Indian Muslims as the sultan of turkey was also the ‘caliph’ and was head of Muslims all over the world.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Congress decide to resume the movement In January 1932 because Of Failure of the Second Round Table Conference, Repudiation of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact by the British Government and British policies of repression.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Tana Bhagat movement was associated with Oraon. It is a tribal community in India (J.K). He opposed British government (1914) for the unfair taxes imposed on them. They were the followers of Mahatma Gandhi and believes in Ahinsa(Non-Violence).

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Khilafat movement was an agitation by Indian Muslims, allied with Indian nationalists, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after World War I.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In July 1905 then Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, partitioned Bengal. This sparked an outburst of public anger against the British, leading to civil unrest and a nationalist campaign by groups of revolutionaries, who included Aurobindo.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Statement (s) that are correct regarding Khilafat Movement are The Amritsar Session of the INC gave a great fillip to the Khilafat agitation and Khilafat Movement was started to support Ottoman Empire.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Wahabi Movement named after its founder Abdul Wahab originated in Arabia in the 18th century with a view to restoring Islam to its pristine purity and order.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sarojini Naidu also led the Salt Satyagraha Movement with Gandhi. Sarojini Naidu was an Indian poet and political activist. While studying in London, she joined in on suffragist movements, and in 1924, she traveled through East Africa and South Africa promoting the nonviolent movements to obtain rights for Indians.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Rabindra Nath Tagore gave the term ‘insenate waste’ on the burning of the foreign clothes during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gandhi feared that the movement might lead to popular violence. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Quit India Movement, or the ‘August Movement’, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The socio-political movement, derived from ancient rite of shuddhikaran, or purification was started by the Arya Samaj, and its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his followers like Swami Shraddhanand, who also worked on the Sangathan consolidation aspect of Hinduism, in North India, especially Punjab in early 1900s, though it gradually spread across India. Shuddhi had a social reform agenda behind its belligerent rationale and was aimed at abolishing the practise of untouchability by converting outcasts from other religions to Hinduism and integrating them into the mainstream community by elevating their position, and instilling self-confidence and self-determination in them.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The following historical events in the chronological order of their occurrence are Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920, Chauri Chaura – 1922, Civil Disobedience Movement – 1930.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered as the pioneer of modern Indian Renaissance for the remarkable reforms he brought in the 18th and 19th century India. Among his efforts, the abolition of the brutal and inhuman Sati Pratha was the most prominent.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Gandhi led the Dandi March from his base, Sabarmati Ashram, 240 miles (384 km) to the coastal village of Dandi, which was at a small town called Navsari (now in the state of Gujarat) to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined them along the way.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scout movement. He was enamoured by the book and formed one of India’s first Scout groups for native boys.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Wahabi Movement was an Islamic movement centred around Patna, it tried to purify Islam by eliminating all the Unislamic practices.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Swadeshi Movement (1905) was not led by Mahatma Gandhi. This movement was related to Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Nirankari movement was founded by Dayal Das (died 1855), who belonged to a half-Sikh, half-Hindu community in Peshawar. He believed that God is formless, or nirankar (hence the name Nirankari).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : At the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress (INC) held in 1906 the flag of Swaraj for India was unfurled by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Annie Besant (1847–1933), second President of The Theosophical Society from 1907 to 1933, was described as a ‘Diamond Soul’, for she had many brilliant facets to her character. She was an outstanding orator of her time, a champion of human freedom, educationist, philanthropist, and author with more than three hundred books and pamphlets to her credit.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first meeting was originally scheduled for Pune but due to plague outbreak, the venue was shifted to Mumbai. The first Session of INC was held from 28-31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates. A O Hume assumed office as the General Secretary. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Safety valve theory was given by Lala Lajpat Rai in 1916 in his book ‘Young India’. It describes INC as the safety valve for british indian empire.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Lucknow Pact, (December 1916), agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah; it was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on Dec. 31, 1916.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The above statement(s) is/are correct related to the aims of the Indian National Congress in the early phases are Eradication of all possible race, creed or provincial prejudices among all lovers of India, Promotion of personal intimacy among all the earnest workers in the cause of India and Formulation of popular demands.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The background of the foundation of the Muslim League at Dhaka on 30 December 1906 may be traced back to the establishment of the indian national congress in 1885.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first meeting was scheduled to be held in Poona, but due to a cholera outbreak it was shifted to Bombay. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of the Congress; the first session was held from 28–31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : A.O.Hume assumed the title of first general secretary of the Indian National Congress after the establishment of Indian National Congress on 28 Dec 1885.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Sir William Wedderburn (1838–1918), Gokhale’s closest British adviser and himself later elected twice to serve as president of the Congress, and William Wordsworth, principal of Elphinstone College, both appeared as observers.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The immediate forerunner of the Indian National congress was Indian National Conference.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Poorna Swaraj was declared in the Lahore session 1929, Pt.Jawahar Lal Nehru was the chairman of this session.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Hume organised the first meeting in Bombay with the approval of the Viceroy Lord Dufferin. Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee was the first president of Congress; the first session was attended by 72 delegates.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The first session of indian National Congress held at Bombay on 28 Dec 1885 under the Presidentship of WC Banarjee.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In the Session of 1947 held at Meerut Acharya J.B Kripalani was the President of Indian National Congress when Mountbatten plan of independence was accepted.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : On 28 December 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, with 72 delegates in attendance. Hume assumed office as the General Secretary, and Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee of Calcutta was elected President.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The first session of the National Conference, held in Calcutta on December 28 – 30, 1883, was attended by more than a hundred delegates from different parts of India. Surendranath Banerjee was not present in the very first meeting of Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : First meeting of the Congress was held in Bombay, with the approval of Lord Dufferin, the then-Viceroy.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : After the Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, the association gradually lost ground; it was not heard of after 1888. It was the first organized expression of Indian nationalism on an all India Scale. A.O.Hume, a retired English LC.S officer played an important role in its formation.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Calcutta Special Session of Congress in September 1920 passed the Non-cooperation resolution, the resolution was officially valid in the Nagpur annual session in Dec 1920. It was the movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : India is the journal published in Britain by the committee of the Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The important role of Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912) in the establishment and early development of the Indian National Congress is generally acknowledged. It was not, indeed, without good reason that many first generation leaders of the movement regarded Hume as the ‘Father of Congress’. Hume has been called “the Father of Indian Ornithology” and, by those who found him dogmatic, “the Pope of Indian ornithology”.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : To treat the communal problem as a national issue was not one of the historic decisions of the Lahore Session (1929) of the Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The bitter relations between two groups of Indian national Congress i.e. Garam Dal (Extremists) and Naram Dal(Moderates) were pacified or brought back to Normal in Lucknow pact 1916. The Chairman was Ambika Charan Majoomdar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : George Yule was the first non-Indian to be elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1888. As a merchant, he was based in England, he was actually Scottish.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (4 June 1829 – 31 July 1912) was a member of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, a political party that was later to lead in the Indian independence movement. A notable ornithologist, Hume has been called “the Father of Indian Ornithology” and, by those who found him dogmatic, “the Pope of Indian ornithology”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : A.O Hume is called the father of the Indian National Congress. He is also known as Harmit of Shimla.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first Muslim president of the Indian National Congress party was Badruddin Tyabji. He was selected as the third President of the Congress from 1887 to 1888 after WC Bannerjee and Dadabhai Naoroji (1886).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In 1923, at an age of 35, he became the youngest person to serve as the President of the Indian National Congress. In October 1920, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was elected as a member of foundation committee to establish Jamia Millia Islamia at Aligarh in U. P. without taking help from British colonial government.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Forward Bloc of the Indian National Congress was formed on May 3, 1939 by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, who had resigned from the presidency of the Indian National Congress on 29 April after being out manoeuvered by Mohandas K. Gandhi.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In Surat Session of INC clearly divided into Garm Dal and Naram Dal. The Chairman was Ras Bihari Ghosh. It is also known as Surat-Split.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : AO Hume had stated with regard to the formation and raison d’etre of the Indian National Congress, a safety valve for the escape of great and growing forces generated by our own action was urgently needed.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhian Satyagraha should be squarely located within conflict resolution discourse. In this principle of non-violence, Mahatma Gandhi introduced technique of resistance to evil and untruth. His Satyagraha is inspired by boundless love and compassion. It is opposed to sin, not sinner, the evil, not evildoer. For him truth was God. Truth is not yours or mine.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadabhai Naoroji book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the draining of India’s wealth into Britain.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The capital of Anga was Champa (formerly known as Malini), one of the greatest cities of the 6th century BCE. It was situated at the confluence of the Ganga and the Champa (now probably the Chandan) rivers.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Champaran Satyagraha was related to indigo held in 1917. It was Gandhiji’s first Satyagraha movement against “Teen Kathiya System”.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Feb 1922

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the year 1930 Salt satyagraha took place, it was also known as Dandi March initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Bardoli Satyagraha, 1928 was a movement in the independence struggle led by Sardar Vallabhai Patel for the farmers of Bardoli against the unjust raising of taxes.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose is known as beacon of light of Asia.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : As per Indian Independence Act, the Suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian State would come to an end on 14 August 1947.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In 1930 when declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress opposed to the Dominion Status offered by British reign, 26th Jan 1930, was celebrated as an Independence day.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : On the basis of Mountbatten plan it was declared that India will be divided into two dominion states i.e. India (15 Aug. 1947) and Pakistan (14 Aug. 1947). Pakistan gained independence on August 14,1947.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat Movement in Kerala in 1921. The Government had declared the Congress and Khilafat meetings illegal. So, a reaction in Kerala began against the crackdown of the British in Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In Rajkot Satyagraha campaigns, Mahatma Gandhi did not participate directly.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : As per the Indian Independence Act of 1947, Assam did not form a part of Pakistan.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The mutiny was ended by intervention of Sardar Patel, who after a meeting with M. S. Khan made a statement of ending the strike. The similar statement was made by Jinnah in Calcutta. The mutineers surrendered but despite the assurances of Congress and Muslim League, many mutineers were arrested, subjected to court martial and dismissed from the services.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The historic session of the All India Congress Committee began on the 7th August and concluded after midnight of 8th August 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay. In a speech entitled, “Do or Die (Karo ya Mro),” given on by Mahatma Gandhi urged the masses to act as an independent nation and not to follow the orders of the British.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met at Wardha. Here a long resolution was passed that demanded that the “British Rule in India must end immediately”. This resolution was an outcome of the change in attitude of Congress and Gandhi himself towards British.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On 10 January 1908 Mahatma Gandhi was arrested for the first time in South Africa for refusing to carry an obligatory identity document card commonly known as the ‘pass’. Gandhi was released in February after negotiations with the government.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi appointed Tyabji, at age seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the Salt Satyagraha in May 1930 after Gandhi’s arrest. Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the “Grand Old Man of Gujarat”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The flag of India was hoisted by Jawaharlal Nehru on 31 December 1929 on the banks of Ravi river, in Lahore, modern-day Pakistan. The Congress asked the people of India to observe 26th of January as Independence Day.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Cawnpore had celebrated first independence on Jan 26, 1930. It was 2 am in the morning when the citizens of Kanpur woke up with patriotism and enthusiasm, ready to carry out a peaceful procession to celebrate their first Independence Day in the British Regime.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Indian National Congress held its annual session in December 1929. It voted for “purna swaraj” or complete independence as against a dominion status for India and passed a resolution fixing the last Sunday of January 1930 — it was coincidentally January 26 — as Independence Day. Lahore session held in 1929.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : This tribal movement was led by Tirut Singh and Bar Manik, who fought against British attempts to take over control of the Khasis Hills. In 1832, the war ended when British captured Tirut Singh, as one of chief betrayed him for some pieces of gold. He died on July 17,1835. His death anniversary is commemorated every year as a state holiday in Meghalaya.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nation wide Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act (Black Law and Blind Law).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Flag Satyagraha was held at Nagpur in 1923. It was the peaceful civil disobedience that focused on exercising the right and freedom to hoist the nationalist flag.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Indian National Congress now changed its stance: it gave up demands for dominion status and instead, at its Lahore Session in 1929, passed the ‘Purna Swaraj’ resolution that called for complete independence. The resolution marked the beginning of a large-scale political movement against colonial rule.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Bipin Chandra Pal started New India(Weekly) and Annie Besant started New India(Daily) started to spread patriotic feelings in the people of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi did not believe that the existing institutions could handle such a noble weapon. So a separate institution named Satyagraha Sabha was formed, its headquarters were in Bombay.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Indian Independence Act, which was based on the Mountbatten plan of June 3, was passed by the British parliament on July 5, 1947 and received royal assent or approval on July 18, 1947.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a Satyagraha movement organized by Mohandas Gandhi. It was a major revolt in the Indian independence movement.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The first Satyagraha movements inspired by Mohandas Gandhi occurred in Champaran district of Bihar and the Kheda district of Gujarat on 1917 to 1918. Champaran Satyagraha was the first to be started, but the word Satyagraha was used for the first time in Anti Rowlatt Act agitation.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : While the Poorna Swaraj Resolution was drafted by Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, the “Declaration of Independence” pledge was drafted by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930 and it echoed the essence of American Declaration of Independence. After this pledge January 26, 1930 was declared as Independence Day by Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma remained Governor-General of India for some time after independence, but the two nations were otherwise headed by native Governors-General.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Dholavira is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village 1 kilometre south of it.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians. The Salt Satyagraha campaign was based upon Gandhi’s principles of non-violent protest called satyagraha, which he loosely translated as “truth-force”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The government responded by arresting the major leaders and all members of the Congress Working Committee and thus tried to pre-empt the movement from success. Young Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the remainder of the session on 9 August and hoisted the Congress flag at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhiji’s overall method of non-violence is called ‘Satyagrah’. Three forms of Satyagraha are: Non-Cooperation, Civil disobedience and boycott.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Dyarchy should be introduced both at the centre as well as provinces was not included in the Nehru Report.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Quit India Movement, or the ‘August Movement’, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Indian Independence Act, which was based on the Mountbatten plan of June 3, was passed by the British parliament on July 5, 1947 and received royal assent or approval on July 18, 1947.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The first Satyagraha of Gandhiji in India was observed at Champaran in 1917. In Champran Tin-Kathiya system was implemented by the Britishers i.e, Compulsory farming of Indigo in 3/20 of the total land.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Neel Darpan was a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was essential to Nilbidraha, or Indigo revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in their fields as a protest against exploitative farming under the British Raj.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist. He quit politics, retired to Pondicherry and set up an ashram there.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Acharya Vinobha Bhave Start individual Satyagraha from Pavnar in Maharashtra in 1940. He was the first individual Satyagrahi and Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru was the Second one.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Non cooperation movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922. It aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or “Ahimsa”. The non-cooperation movement was launched on 1 August 1920 and withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period. The farmers were protesting against to grow opium with barely any payment for it.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mohanlal Pandya was an Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and one of the earliest followers of Mahatma Gandhi. Mohanlal Pandya was nicknamed as “Onion Thief” (“Dungli Chor”) by Gandhi because he had harvested onion from the land which was taken away by the British Government. He initiated the Kheda Satyagraha.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial. They were based on the report of Justice S.A.T. Rowlatt’s committee of 1918.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Rani Laxmibai – Jhansi

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ahmedabad Satyagraha of Gandhi was directed against Indian mill owners and non-government officials.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : More than education, it was journalism that became Tilak’s way to reach out to people. In 1881 he launched two newspapers—the Kesari ( Lion) in Marathi and the Mahratta in English.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gandhi did not believe that the existing institutions could handle such a noble weapon. So a separate institution named Satyagraha Sabha was formed, its headquarters were in Bombay.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Satyagraha expressed in Non-cooperation, Non-Violence was the basic features of this Satyagraha. For Gandhi, satyagraha went far beyond mere “passive resistance” and became strength in practising non-violent methods. In his words: Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gopal Krishan Gokhale founded the “Servants of Indian Society” in Pune Maharastra.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Lord Curzon believed “that the Congress is tottering to its fall, and one of my greatest ambitions while in India is to assist it to a peaceful demise.”

Answer: Option D
Explanation : West Bengal was not included in Pakistan by the Independence Act.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : On August 8, 1942 Mahatma Gandhi and the All-India Congress Committee (AICC) launched the Quit India Movement or Bharat Chodo Andolan at the Bombay session. As the Quit India Movement was launched in August, it is also known as August Movement or August Kranti.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri is the autobiographical account of the Mughal Emperor jahangir (1605-1627 AD). It is variously called Tarikh-i-Salimxahi, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, Karnama-i- Jahangiri, Waqiat-i-Jahangiri and Jahangirnamah etc. Jahangir himself wrote this book.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820. Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India. In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Major means of Satyagraha of Gandhiji was Non-cooperation and civil disobedience.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Founded in In 30 December 1906, the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dhaka. Founders: Khwaja Salimullah, Vikar-ul-Mulk, Syed Amir Ali, Syed Nabiullah. The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim-majority nation-state, Pakistan, successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was a farmer’s uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period. The farmers were protesting against to grow opium with barely any payment for it.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The society was foundations of the India House and, along with Krishna Varma’s journal The Indian Sociologist, was the foundation of the militant Indian nationalist movement in Britain.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Vallabhbhai Patel was respectfully called Sardar by his colleagues and followers during the satyagraha against steep tax hikes in a famine hit Bardoli in 1928. He had led the Satyagraha when Gandhiji was imprisoned, at the request of the congress members. Sardar Patel was freed in 1931, following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The statement(s) that are correct regarding Poona Pact (1932) are It refers to an agreement between Babasaheb Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune (now in Maharashtra), India and It was signed by Pt Madan Mohan Malviya and B.R. Ambedkar and some Dalit leaders to break the fast unto death undertaken by Gandhi in Yerwada prison to annul the Macdonald Award giving separate electorates to Dalits for electing members of state legislative assemblies in British India.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Indian National Congress(INC) which was established in 1885 was divided into two groups(in the year 1907) mainly by extremists and moderates at the Surat Session of the Congress.The period 1885-1905 was known as the period of the moderates as moderates dominated the Indian National Congress.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gandhi first conceived satyagraha in 1906 in response to a law discriminating against Asians that was passed by the British colonial government of the Transvaal in South Africa. In 1917 the first satyagraha campaign in India was mounted in the indigo-growing district of Champaran.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism. It originated in seventh-century south India (now Tamil Nadu and Kerala), and spread northwards.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Bhakti movement of Hinduism saw two ways of imaging the nature of the divine (Brahman) – Nirguna and Saguna. Nirguna Brahman was the concept of the Ultimate Reality as formless, without attributes or quality.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kabir, (Arabic: “Great”) (born 1440, Varanasi, Jaunpur, India—died 1518, Maghar), iconoclastic Indian poet-saint revered by Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. The birth of Kabir remains shrouded in mystery and legend.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Rāmānujāchārya is famous as the chief proponent of Vishishtadvaita subschool of Vedānta, and his disciples were likely authors of texts such as the Shatyayaniya Upanishad. Rāmānujāchārya himself wrote influential texts, such as bhāsya on the Brahma Sutras and the Bhagavad Gita, all in Sanskrit.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kabir is widely believed to have become the first disciple of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ramananda could not even cast off the sense of superiority of a Hindu over the Mohammedan. Similarly he accepted the superiority of the regenerate classes (dwijas) -over Sudras. Thus Ramananda, like the other saints of the South, did not believe in social equality. He enjoined strict segregation and perfect privacy in the matter of food. Though Ramananda did not believe in the equality of the four varnas and numerous castes, but he made disciples from almost all castes.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tradition asserts that Ramananda developed his philosophy and devotional themes inspired by the south Indian Vedanta philosopher Ramanuja, however evidence also suggests that Ramananda was influenced by Nathpanthi ascetics of the Yoga school of Hindu philosophy.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Silsila is an Arabic word meaning chain, link, connection often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as “(religious) order” or “spiritual genealogy” where one Sufi Master transfers his khilfat to his spiritual. Silsilas originated with the initiation of Sufi orders which dates back to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : It was the first of the four main Sufi orders (Chishti, Qadiriyya, Suhrawardiyya and Naqshbandi) to be established in this region. Moinuddin Chishti introduced the Chishti Order in Lahore (Punjab) and Ajmer (Rajasthan), sometime in the middle of the 12th century CE.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Chaitanya Mahaprabhu was an ascetic Hindu monk and social reformer in 16th century Bengal. A great proponent of loving devotion for God, bhakti yoga, Chaitanya worshiped the Lord in the form of Krishna.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Moinuddin Chishti located at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The shrine has the grave (Maqbara) of the revered saint, Moinuddin Chisti.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Metaphysical concept of God in Hinduism, Gods general ultimate form/nature is formless pure consciousness (Nirakar Nirguna/without form/Impersonal) but it can manifests into divine form (Sakar Saugna/with form/personal). God has the ability to manifest into any kind of form and shape.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The mystic Saints of medieval India were the exponents of the Bhakti movement. They were not affiliated to any particular sect. They had no blind faith in any sacred scriptures, no device to set up separate sects, no loyalty to any particular creed. They attained greatness without following any ritual or ceremonies and through individual exertion. The exponents of Bhakti movement condemned idolatry and believed in monotheism. They thought that Bhakti or Single minded, uninterrupted and extreme devotion to God was the only means of Salvation.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sufism found its way into India during the eleventh and twelfth centuries when many Sufi saints came to India particularly in Multan and Lahore of the Punjab. The most celebrated of these Sufi saints was Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti who came to Lahore from Ghazni in 1161 and settled in Ajmer under Prithviraj.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The early traditions of Bhakti were In the course of the evolution of forms of worship, in many instances, poet-saints emerged as leaders around whom there developed a community of devotees, Brahmanas remained important intermediaries between gods and devotees in several forms of bhakti, At a different level, historians of religion often classify bhakti traditions into two broad categories: saguna (with attributes) and nirguna (without attributes).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : In the ninth century Sankara started a Hindu revivalist movement giving a new orientation to Hinduism. He was born in Kaladi in Kerala. His doctrine of Advaita or Monism was too abstract to appeal to the common man.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sankara is regarded as the promoter of Advaita Vedānta as a distinct school of Indian philosophy, the origins of this school predate Sankara. The existence of an Advaita tradition is acknowledged by Sankara in his commentaries.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ramanuja, the main proponent of Vishishtadvaita philosophy contends that the Prasthanatrayi (“The three courses”), namely the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahma Sutras are to be interpreted in a way that shows this unity in diversity, for any other way would violate their consistency. Vedanta Desika defines Vishishtadvaita using the statement, Asesha Chit-Achit Prakaaram Brahmaikameva Tatvam : Brahman, as qualified by the sentient and insentient modes (or attributes), is the only reality.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Namdev, also transliterated as Nam Dayv, Namdeo,Namadeva, (traditionally, c. 1270 – c. 1350) was a poet and a saint from Maharashtra, India who is significant to the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Bhagat Namdev’s writings were also recognized by the “Gurus” of Sikhism and are included in the holy book of Sikhism, the Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Namdev worship lord Vitthal that is one of the name of lord Vishnu.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Pandharpur Movement is associated with the Bhakti Movement of Maharashtra. The spread of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra inculcated the spirit of oneness among the Marathas. The main teachings of the leaders were Bhakti or devotion to God and equality of all believers before God without any distinction of class or birth. The Bhakti movement united the people of Maharashtra in a common love of man and faith in one God.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Eknath wrote Rukmini Swayamwar Hastamalak, which was comprised 764 owees and based on a 14-shlok Sanskrit hymn with the same name by Shankaracharya.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ramananda was born at Allahabad. He was originally a follower of Ramanuja. Later he founded his own sect and preached his principles in Hindi at Banaras and Agra. He was a worshipper of Rama. He was the first to employ the vernacular medium to propagate his ideas. Simplification of worship and emancipation of people from the traditional caste rules were his two important contributions to the Bhakti movement. He opposed the caste system and chose his disciples from all sections of society disregarding caste.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Tulsidas also known as Goswami Tulsidas was a Hindu Vaishnava saint and poet, often called reformer and philosopher from Ramanandi Sampradaya, in the lineage of Jagadguru Ramanandacharya renowned for his devotion to the Lord Shri Rama.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The cardinal principle of Bhakti Cult was influencing devotion to a personal God, whose grace was the only means of attaining salvation or Mukti. It stressed the idea of a personal God and pointed out the absurdity of the caste system in the presence of God and the futility of external rites and ceremonies. It allowed both men and women to achieve salvation by Bhakti. God is one, He alone should be worshipped. By following the path of true devotion (Bhakti) one can find salvation or (nijat, mukti). A true guru is indispensable for realizing God or attaining salvation.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The collection of their hymns is known as Divya Prabandha. All the saints were male except one named Andal. The 63 Nayanars saints were the Shiva devotional poets, who lived between 5th and 10th centuries.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Guru Nanak (1469−1538) Another well known saint preacher of the medieval period was Guru Nanak, founder of the Sikh. He exhorted people to give up selfishness, falsehood and hypocrisy and to lead a life of truth, honesty and kindness.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Gnanadeva wrote a commentary of Bhagavad Gita called Gnaneswari.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Kabir is widely believed to have become the first disciple of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sant Tukaram(c.1608 – c.1650), also Shri Tukaram, and colloquially referred to as “Tuka”, was a seventeenth century Marathi poet Sant of India, related to the Bhakti movement of Maharashtra. Tukaram was a devotee of Vitthal (a form of Lord Krishna), the supreme God in Vaishnavism.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Bhakti Saint Ramanuja preached Vishishtadvaita. He said that the ‘God is Saguna Brahman’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nirguna Saints does not advocated the worshiped the anthropomorphic manifestations of the divine being, particularly Rama and Krishna.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Chaitanya (1485-1534): Born at Navadwip in Bengal, Chaitanya was the greatest saint of the Bhakti movement. His original name was ‘Vishwambhar Mishra’. He was responsible for the popularity of Vaishnavism in Bengal through his Kirtans. He began the Achintayabhedabhedavada School of theology, and preached the religion of intense faith in one Supreme Being whom he called Krishna or Hari. He adored Krishna and Radha and attempted to spiritualize their lives in Vrindavan.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Some of the earliest bhakti movements (c. sixth century) were led by the Alvars (literally, those who are “immersed” in devotion to Vishnu) and Nayanars (literally, leaders who were devotees of Shiva). They travelled from place to place singing hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods. During their travels the Alvars and Nayanars identified certain shrines as abodes of their chosen deities.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bhakti movement preached using the local languages so that the message reached the masses.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : It is commonly held that he was born sometimes in the last quarter of the fifteenth century. His works include Sur Sagar, Sahitva Ratna and Sur Sarawali. In Sur Sagar, Sur Das deals with the life of Krishna’s childhood. He dis­played himself not merely as a master of child psychology but also as a devotee of the Almighty. The works and poems of Sur Das exercised tremendous influence on the people and encouraged them to follow the path of Bhakti.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bhakti Movement was started in South India in the 7th century. The earliest seeds of the Bhakti movement in India was organised by Ramanuja.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Chaitanya also known as Sri Gauranga, was a popular Vaishnava saint and reformer from Bengal. He was born of Brahman parents at Nadia. After his education he became a teacher.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ramananda was a 14th-century Vaishnava devotional poet sant, in the Ganges river region of Northern India. The Hindu tradition recognizes him as the founder of the Ramanandi Sampradaya, the largest monastic Hindu renunciant community in modern times.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Pir or Peer (‘elder’) is a title for a Sufi master or spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat or Shaikh, which is Arabic for Old Man.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Literary works with compositions attributed to Kabir include Kabir Bijak, Kabir Parachai, Sakhi Granth, Adi Granth (Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali (Rajasthan).

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti is regarded as foremost preacher of Sufism among Sufis of India. Akbar, the Mughal emperor believed that it was his blessings which lead him a son and the heir for the Mughal throne.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Chaitanya wrote Shiksha Ashtak in which he gave the cream of the Shastras.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Sri Ramanuja Acharya was an Indian philosopher and is recognized as the most important saint of Sri Vaishnavism. His philosophical foundations for devotionalism were influential to the Bhakti movement.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Bhakti movement of Hinduism saw two ways of imaging the nature of the divine (Brahman) – Nirguna and Saguna. Nirguna Brahman was the concept of the Ultimate Reality as formless, without attributes or quality.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Baba Farid also knows as Khwaja Fariduddin was a sufi preacher and poet of 12th century. He is considered as the first poet of Punjabi Language. He found that “music is the way of reaching God”.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The greatest saint of the Bhakti movement was Shri Chaitanya, popularly known as Gouranga Mahaprabhu. He was born in 1486 A.D. at Navadweep in West Bengal in a Brahmin family. His childhood name was Nimai or Biswambhar Mishra. He was a promising student and mastered all branches of Sanskrit learning. After formal education he married Lakshmi Devi. But gradually he developed a sense of detachment towards worldly affairs.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Chaitanya is said to have travelled all over India in spreading the Krishna Cult. He spent most of his time in Puri, Orissa on the feet of Lord Jagannath. He believes that through love and devotion, song and dance, a devotee can feel the presence of God.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya and he popularized Krishna cult in north India.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bhakti Reformers influenced by the preaching of Sufi teachers were Ramananda, Kabir, Nanak.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Ramananda was the first Bhakti saint to use Hindi for the propagation of his message. He was known for communicating in vernacular Hindi, and accepting disciples of all castes.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nimbarka’s commentary on the Brahma-Sutras known as the Vedanta-Parijata-Saurabha, and that of his immediate disciple Srinivasa styled the Vedanta-Kaustubha are the chief works of the school of philosophy associated with the name of Nimbarka. The latter is not, however, a mere commentary on the former, as is sometimes wrongly supposed, but a full exposition of the views expressed I the Vedanta-Parijata-Saurabha which is very terse and concise and is not always clear. Both the treatises are therefore essential for the proper understanding of the doctrine of Nimbarka.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tukaram, also referred to as Sant Tukaram, Bhakta Tukaram, Tukaram Maharaj, Tukoba and Tukobaraya, was a 17th-century Hindu poet and sant of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra, India. He was part of the egalitarian, personalized Varkari devotionalism tradition.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Kabir is widely believed to have become the first disciple of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Kabir was contemporary of both Guru Nanak and Sultan Sikandar Lodi.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Kabir was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings influenced Hinduism’s Bhakti movement and his verses are found in Sikhism’s scripture Adi Granth. His early life was in a Muslim family, but he was strongly influenced by his teacher, the Hindu bhakti leader Ramananda.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The sect founded by Birbhan is known as Satnamis and their religious granth is known as Pothi, which is revered like the Granth of the Sikhs.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Ramananda was a 14th-century Vaishnava devotional poet sant, in the Ganges river region of Northern India. The Hindu tradition recognizes him as the founder of the Ramanandi Sampradaya, the largest monastic Hindu renunciant community in modern times.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Madhava propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. According to his philosophy, the world is not an illusion but a reality. God, soul, matter are unique in nature.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Rudra Sampradaya School was founded by Vallabhacharya.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Kabir emphasised the essential oneness of all religions by describing Hindus and Muslims ‘as pots of the same clay’. To him Rama and Allah, temple and mosque were the same. He regarded devotion to god as an effective means of salvation and urged that to achieve this one must have a pure heart, free from cruelty, dishonesty, hypocrisy and insincerity. He is regarded as the greatest of the mystic saints and his followers are called Kabirpanthis.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Ramanuja gave a philosophic basis to the teachings of Vaishnavism. He wrote a commentary on the Brahma sutras, refuted Shari Kara and offered his own interpretation based on the theistic ideas. His commentaries on Brahma sutras are popularly known as Sri Bhasya.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Gaudiya Sampradaya is an intensely emotional form of Hinduism which flourished from the sixteenth century, mainly in Bengal and eastern Orissa.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Namdeva

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Madhav propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. According to his philosophy, the world is not an illusion but a reality. God, soul, matter are unique in nature.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In Sikhism, “nirguni Bhakti” is emphasised – devotion to a divine without Gunas (qualities or form), but it accepts both nirguni and saguni forms of the divine. Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru and the founder of Sikhism, was a Bhakti saint.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Shankaracharya Bhakti Saints was responsible for founding many punyakshetram along the length and breadth of India, by taming avatars of Parvati and imprisoning her essence in Sri Chakras.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : According to Bhakti Movement, God is one, He alone should be worshipped. By following the path of true devotion (Bhakti) one can find salvation or (nijat, mukti). A true guru is indispensable for realizing God or attaining salvation. All men are equal and there is no question of superiority or inferiority among men. There is brotherhood of mankind. The image worship and caste distinctions and class hatred were the worst enemies of man. They strongly denounced useless ceremonies and rituals and rites must be given up. They are unnecessary and do not help persons to attain salvation. Only the good actions of man can help him to attain salvation.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Andal was a woman Alvar, the most striking features of her compositions were widely sung (and continue to be sung to date), Andal saw herself as the beloved of Vishnu and Krishna; her verses express her love for the deity,

Answer: Option A
Explanation : In spite of Vallabha’s stress on self-control and renunciation, his doctrine came to be known as “Pushti Marga” for his successors laid stress on the physical side of Krishna’s sports so that the creed came to be called as the “Epicureanism of the East“.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Bhakti movement originated as a reaction against caste division, untouchability and ritualism in India. Devotion was the pivotal point in the Bhakti cult in uniting human soul with god. The basic concepts of the Bhakti cult though present in the Vedas, the Gita and Vishnupuran were not practiced by the masses until the appearances of Vaishnava Alwar and Shaiva Nayanar saints of South India in the seventh and twelfth centuries.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Madhava did not believe in the qualified monism of Ramanuja and emphasised the doctrine of duality, based mainly upon the Bhagavata Purana.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Gnanadevawas the founder of the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra in the thirteenth century. It was called Maharashtradharma. He wrote a commentary of Bhagavat Gita called Gnaneswari.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Mirabai was a great Bhakti saint, Hindu mystic poet and a devotee of the Lord Krishna. Born in the late fifteenth century into a royal family of Rajasthan, Mira, from her childhood was a great devotee of Lord Krishna and wrote many beautiful poems in praise of her Lord.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Bhakti Movement resulted in a surge in Hindu literature in regional / vernacular languages mainly in the form of devotional poems and music. II. Bhakti Movement resulted in a surge in Buddhist text in regional / vernacular languages mainly in the form of devotional poems and music.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The features of Bhakti Movement are Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith and Rejection of idol worship by many saints.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nimbarkacharya in his commentary in ‘Dashashloki’ dealt with three realities: (1) Brahma(the supreme reality), (2) soul(chit), and (3) matter(achit).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Namdev preached the sublime gospel of love and devotion and liberated the people from the shackles of rituals and caste system.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Saivaite Nayanmars and Vashnavaite Alwars preached the Bhakti cult under the Pallavas, Pandyas and Cholas. But, the spread of Bhakti movement in medieval India is a different kind. This medieval Bhakti movement was the direct result of the influence of the spread of Islam in India.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Chaitanya means ‘”consciousness”; Maha means “Great” and Prabhu means “Lord” or “Master”. Chaitanya was born as the second son of Jagannath Mishra and his wife Sachi Devi. Jagannath’s family lived in the village of Dhakadakshin, Golapganj, Srihatta, Bengal. According to Chaitanya Charitamruta, Chaitanya was born on the full moon night of 18 February 1486, at the time of a lunar eclipse. Alternatively, Chaitanya is also believed to born in Mayapur. Mayapur is located on the banks of the Ganges river, at the point of its confluence with the Jalangi, near Nabadwip, West Bengal, India, 130 km north of Kolkata (Calcutta). Mayapur is considered a holy place by a number of other traditions within Hinduism.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Another Bhakti saint of Maharashtra was Tukaram, a contemporary of Sivaji. He was responsible for creating a background for Maratha nationalism. He opposed all social distinctions. The importance of women in society was also increased because the Bhakti movement gave equal importance to them.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Another well known saint preacher of the medieval period was Guru Nanak (1469−1538). His conception of religion was highly practical and sternly ethical. He exhorted people to give up selfishness, falsehood and hypocrisy and to lead a life of truth, honesty and kindness.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Eknath’s writings make it clear that there is no caste distinction in the sight of God.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : He chose his disciples from all sections of society disregarding caste. His disciples were: a) Kabir, a Muslim weaver b) Raidasa, a cobbler c) Sena, a barber d) Sadhana, a butcher e) Dhanna, a Jat farmer f) Naraharai, a goldsmith and g) Pipa, a Rajput prince.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : He was part of the egalitarian, personalized Varkari devotionalism tradition. Tukaram is best known for his devotional poetry called Abhanga and community-oriented worship with spiritual songs known as kirtans. His poetry was devoted to Vitthala or Vithoba, an avatar of Hindu god Vishnu.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Sri Ramanuja Acharya was an Indian philosopher and is recognized as the most important saint of Sri Vaishnavism. Later developments led by Ramananda created a Rama-oriented movement, now the largest monastic group in Asia.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Bhagavatism or Krishnaism is a religious creed in Hinduism. The followers of the creed are devoted towards Lord Krishna. Bhagavatism is a branch of Vaishnavism, where the devotees worships the various avatars of Lord Vishnu.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Khanjah is a place meant for sufi brotherhood gathering. It is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation. It is also know as ‘Ribat’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The alvars, also spelt as alwars or azhwars were Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti (devotion) to the Hindu god Vishnu or his avatar Krishna in their songs of longing, ecstasy and service.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The original name of Narasi was Narasimha Mehta. He popularised Vaishnava cult in Gujarat.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-1325) (Hazrat Nizamuddin) (famous sufi Saint of chisti Order) ^ Kabir (1440-1518) (Poet and Saint of Bhakti Movement) ^ Meerabai (1498-1574) (a Hindu poetess and elevate of lord Krishna) ^ Tulsidas (1511-1623) (He was contemporary of Mughal Emperor Akbar he wrote (Ramcharitmanas).

Answer: Option D
Explanation : At the court of Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagar, Vallabhacharya scored a triumph over the Saivas in public debate.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Dadu Dayal (1543-1603) has desired devotion in place of liberation as the ultimate end to be attained. The saints have full faith on sacred text also. Thus, there is a strange harmony in the theories of abstract power and the devotional aspect of the concrete form.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Chaitanya (1485-1534): born at Navadwip in Bengal, Chaitanya was the greatest saint of the Bhakti movement. His original name was ‘Vishwambhar Mishra’.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Meera, also known as Meera Bai or Mirabai (1498-1546) was a Hindu mystic poet of the Bhakti Movement. She is a celebrated Bhakti saint, particularly in the North Indian Hindu tradition. In her poems, Krishna is a yogi and lover, and she herself is a yogini ready to take her place by his side into a spiritual marital bliss.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya were also other preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telangana region.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bhagavad Gita, a post-Vedic scripture composed in 5th to 2nd century BCE, introduces bhakti marga (the path of faith/devotion) as one of three ways to spiritual freedom and release, the other two being karma marga (the path of works) and jnana marga (the path of knowledge).

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism. The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and and some sub-religions were Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism. The Bhakti movement witnessed a surge in Hindu literature in regional. Bhakti movement was a devotional transformation of medieval Hindu society,

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Tukaram, also referred to as Sant Tukaram, Bhakta Tukaram, Tukaram Maharaj, Tukoba and Tukobaraya, was a 17th-century Hindu poet and sant of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. Tukaram was the great Marathi Varreni-Vaishnavie sect saint of Bhakti Movement. He composed the famous ‘Abhanga poetry’.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ideas was the Bhakti movement—devotion to God. Bhakti to God was accepted as salvation. Ideas was the Bhakti movement—devotion to God with the help of priest. Bhakti to God was accepted as damnation.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Karaikkal Ammaiyar, a devotee of Shiva, adopted the path of extreme asceticism in order to attain her goal. Andal and Karaikkal Ammaiyar renounced their social obligations, but did not join an alternative order or become nuns.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Thus, the conception of brahman as a Creator in advaita is a unique one, and directly relates to the advaita views on causality. To resolve such passages in the upanishads, advaita vedanta maintains that really brahman is devoid of all attributes, and is therefore known as nirguna. Brahman may be described as in the upanishads, as Truth (satyam), Knowledge (jnanam), Infinite (anantam), or as Being (sat), Consciousness (cit), Bliss (Ananda), but none of these terms can be truly interpreted as attributes of brahman as a Super-person/God.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Ramayana is based on the true story life of Sri Ram. The writer of Ramayan in Hindi is Sant Tulsidas.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The literal meaning of Bhakti is devotion. But the Bhakti movement implied the movement which emphasized intense devotion to God. The saints of the Bhakti movement believed in leading a pure and simple life. The saints emphasized that one need not go to pilgrimages to holy places for securing salvation.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Another saint-preacher of the time was Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. He was a contemporary of Kabir. He was born in a Khatri family at Talwandi (Nankana Sahib) in the district of Seikhpura in West Punjab, now in Pakistan. He said “Abide pure amidst the impurities of the world, thus shall thou find the way to religion”.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Meera, also known as Meera Bai or Mirabai (1498-1546) was a Hindu mystic poet of the Bhakti movement. She referred to the Lord, whom she saw as her husband, with different names like Satguru, Prabhu Ji, Girdhar Nagar, Krishna. She even called him the husband of her soul. Due to her mother, her in-laws disapproved of her public singing and dancing as she belonged to a Royal Family of Mewar and was a princess.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : The founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak (1469-1538), was one of the best preachers and reformers in medieval India. He was critical of idol worship, pilgrimages, caste differences and the ceremonial frills of religion. Nanak founded his faith on a ritual-free, simple “Sat Shri Akal” or the worship of God and truth.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Both Bhaktism and Sufism laid stress on the direct communion of Soul with the God and disregarded formal worships and practices like idol-worship, pilgrimages, bathing in holy rivers.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism. The Bhakti movement regionally developed around different gods and goddesses, and some sub-religions were Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Shakti goddesses), and Smartism.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The collection of their hymns is known as Divya Prabandha. The Bhakti literature that sprang from Alvars has contributed to the establishment and sustenance of a culture that broke away from the ritual-oriented Vedic religion and rooted itself in devotion as the only path for salvation.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The exact origin of Sufism is disputed. Some sources state that Sufism is the inner dimensions of the teachings of Muhammad whereas others say that Sufism emerged during the Islamic Golden Age from about the 8th to 10th centuries.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaj, which means “divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to”. The word also means “attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation”.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : The Bhakti movement originated as a reaction against caste division, untouchability, and ritualism in India. One of the important landmark in the cultural history of medieval India was the silent revolution in society brought about by by some socio-religious reformers, known as the Bhakti Movement.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Vallabhacharya was born in Varanasi. He propounded Suddhadvaita Vedanta (Pure non-dualism) and philosophy called Pustimarga (the path of grace). He was the founder of a school called Rudra Sampradaya.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Srimanta Sankardeva Or Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva – Vaisnav Saint of Assam Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva was born in 1449 into Baro-Bhuyans family near at Aali-pukhuri, about 8 miles to the west-north-west of Bardowa situated in the Nagaon district of Assam.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : Monotheism or belief in one God, Equality and brotherhood of man, Rejection of rituals and class division are aspect of Bhakti Movement that was common with Sufism.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : The Bhakti movement was a devotional transformation of medieval Hindu society, wherein Vedic rituals or alternatively ascetic monk-like lifestyle for moksha gave way to individualistic loving relationship with a personally defined god. Salvation which was previously considered attainable only by men of Brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishya castes, became available to everyone. Most scholars state that Bhakti movement provided women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities an inclusive path to spiritual salvation. Some scholars disagree that the Bhakti movement was premised on such social inequalities.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : In his works Kavitavali and Vinayapatrika, Tulsidas attests to his parents abandoning him after birth due to an inauspicious astrological configuration.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Tulsi Das was a humanist and universalist and laid stress upon knowledge, devotion, worship and mediation. He has blended in his work the philosophical monist of the past with stress on Bhakti, the poetry and dignity of Valmiki’s Ramayana with the devotional fervour and humanism of Bhagvata.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Pallavas, Pandyas and Cholas dynasties under the Saivaite Nayanmars and Vashnavaite Alwars preached the Bhakti cult.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : One of the finest examples of Mughal architecture and a noted religious centre for Muslims is the Dargah or Tomb of Sheikh Salim Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri. Emperor Akbar had this tomb built in the honour of Sufi Saint Salim Chisti between 1571 and 1580.

Answer: Option B
Explanation : Chaitanya is said to have travelled all over India in spreading the Krishna Cult.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Alvars and Nayanars initiated a movement of protest against the caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas or at least attempted to reform the system.
II. Alvars and Nayanars always supported the caste system in the society. The importance of the traditions of the Alvars and Nayanars was sometimes indicated by the claim that their compositions were as important as the Vedas.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Pallavas, Pandyas and Cholas.

Answer: Option C
Explanation : Dadu uses a lot of Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi and Gujarati words in his writings. He was well versed with Persian and his most famous work is Sundar Vilas.

Answer: Option A
Explanation : Krishna Dasa Kaviraja Goswami (born 1496; date of death unknown) was the author of the Chaitanya Charitamrita, a hagiography on the life of the mystic and saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1533), who is considered by the Gaudiya Vaishnava school of Hinduism to be an incarnation of Radha and Krishna combined.

Answer: Option D
Explanation : In Tamil Nadu, the movement was started by Vaishnava saints {Alvars} and Shaiva saints {Nayanars}. The Alvars emphasized on Bhakti and gave reference to Bhagvata Puranas often, they were called the pioneers of Bhakti Movement. The same is applicable to the Saiva Nayanar poets.