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Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
50+ MCQs Of Heredity And Evolution Questions and Answers
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 MCQ Question 1. Process of selecting individuals with desired characters by man is called
(a) Hybridization
(b) Reproduction
(c) Artificial selection
(d) Natural selection
Answer
Answer: c
2. Which one of the following pairs are homologous organs?
(a) Forelimbs of a bird and wings of a bat.
(b) Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly.
(c) Pectoral fins of a fish and forelimbs of a horse.
(d) Wings of a bat and wings of a cockroach.
Answer
Answer: a
MCQ On Heredity And Evolution Question 3. The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by
(a) Mendel
(b) Darwin
(c) Lamarck
(d) Weismann
Answer
Answer: b
4. A cross between a tall pea-plant (TT) and a short pea-plant (tt) resulted in progenies that were all tall plants because
(a) tallness is the recessive trait.
(b) shortness is the dominant trait.
(c) height of pea-plant is not governed by gene T or t.
(d) tallness is the dominant trait.
Answer
Answer: b
5. The number of pairs of sex chromosomes in the zygote of a human being is
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) 4
Answer
Answer: c
6. A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a
(a) girl
(b) boy
(c) either boy or girl
(d) X-chromosome does not influence the sex of a child.
Answer
Answer: a
7. A man with blood group A marries a woman having blood group O. What will be the blood group of the child?
(a) O only
(b) A only
(c) AB
(d) Equal chance of acquiring blood group A or blood group O.
Answer
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 MCQ With Answer: d
8. What does the progeny of a tall plant with round seeds and a short plant with wrinkled seeds look like?
(a) All are tall with round seeds.
(b) All are short with round seeds.
(c) All are tall with wrinkled seeds.
(d) All are short with wrinkled seeds.
Answer
Answer: a
9. If a round, green seeded pea-plant (RRyy) is crossed with a wrinkled yellow seeded pea- plant (rrYY), the seeds produced in F1 generation are
(a) round and green (b) round and yellow
(c) wrinkled and green
(d) wrinkled and yellow
Answer
Answer: b
10. The human species has genetic roots in
(a) Australia
(b) Africa
(c) America
(d) Indonesia
Answer
Answer: b
11. Which of the following is the ancestor of ‘Broccoli’?
(a) Cabbage
(b) Cauliflower
(c) Wild cabbage
(d) Kale
Answer
Heredity And Evolution MCQs With Answer: c
12. The process of evolution of a species whereby characteristics which help individual organisms to survive and reproduce are passed on to their offspring and those characteristics which do not help are not passed on is called
(a) Artificial selection
(b) Speciation
(c) Hybridization
(d) Natural selection
Answer
Answer: d
13. Identify the two organisms which are now extinct and are studied from their fossils.
(a) white tiger and sparrow
(b) dinosaur and fish (Knightia)
(c) ammonite and white tiger
(d) trilobite and white tiger
Answer
Answer: b
14. Which of the following decides the sex of the child?
(a) male gamete, i.e., sperm
(b) female gamete, i.e., ovum
(c) both sperm and ovum
(d) mother
Answer
Answer: a
15. Pure-bred pea plant A is crossed with pure¬bred pea plant B. It is found that the plants which look like A do not appear in Fj gene¬ration but re-emerge in F2 generation. Which of the plants A and B are tall and dwarf?
(a) A are tall and B are dwarf.
(b) A are tall and B are also tall.
(c) A are dwarf and B are also dwarf
(d) A are dwarf and B are tall
Answer
Answer: d
MCQ Questions On Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Question 16. In humans if gene B gives brown eyes and gene b gives blue eyes, what will be the colour of eyes of the persons having combinations
(i) Bb and (ii) BB?
(a) (i) Blue and (ii) Brown
(b) (i) Brown and (ii) Blue
(c) (i) Brown and (ii) Brown
(d) (i) Blue and (ii) Blue
Answer
Answer: c
17. A cross between two individuals results in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 3 :1 for four possible phenotypes of progeny. This is an example of a
(a) Monohybrid cross
(b) Dihybrid cross
(c) Test cross
(d) F1 generation
Answer
Answer: b
18. Which of the following characters can be acquired but not inherited?
(a) Colour of skin
(b) Size of body
(c) Colour of eyes
(d) Texture of hair
Answer
Answer: b
19. Those organs which have the same basic structure but different functions are called
(a) Vestigial organs
(b) Analogous organs
(c) Homologous organs
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: c
20. Those organs which have different basic structure but have similar appearance and perform similar functions are called
(a) Analogous organs
(b) Homologous organs
(c) Vestigial organs
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: a
21. The remaps (or impressions) of dead animals or plant? that lived in the remote past are known as
(a) extinct species
(b) fossils
(c) naturally selected species
(d) none of the above
Answer
Answer: b
22. The process by which new species develop from the existing species is known as
(a) Evolution
(b) Natural selection
(c) Artificial selection
(d) Speciation
Answer
Answer: d
23. Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
(a) One person has a scar, but his friend does not.
(b) One person is older than another.
(c) Reeta eats meat, but her sister Geeta is a vegetarian.
(d) Two children have different eye colours.
Answer
Answer: d
24. Differences between organisms in a species are described as variation. Which of the following would you describe as continuous variation?
(a) Hair colour
(b) Eye colour
(c) Weight
(d) Sex
Answer
Answer: c
25. The more characteristics two species have in common :
(a) More closely they are related and more recently they had a common ancestors.
(b) More distantly they are related and more recently they have common ancestors.
(c) More closely they are related and more distantly they have common ancestors.
(d) More distantly they are related and more distantly they have common ancestors.
Answer
Answer: a
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 MCQ Pdf Question 26. To study the natural phenomenon of inheritance, Mendel selected the pea plants. Which of the following properties were suitable for their studies?
(i) Plants would easily self pollinate or cross-pollinate in nature.
(ii) Plants were easily grown in garden soil with a considerably shorter generation time.
(iii) Pea plants do not require the true-breeding for hybridisation experiments.
(iv) Many parts of the plant such as pod, seed, flower, cotyledons showed distinct phenotypes.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii).
(b) (ii) and (iv).
(c) (i) and (ii).
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv).
Answer
Answer: b
27. What is the difference between genetic drift and change due to natural selection?
(a) Genetic drift does not require the presence of variation.
(b) Genetic drift never occurs in nature, natural selection does.
(c) Genetic drift does not involve competition between members of a species.
(d) There is no difference.
Answer
Answer: c
28. Which concept was not included in Charles Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection?
(a) Struggle for existence
(b) Punctuated equilibrium
(c) Survival of the fittest
(d) Overproduction of offspring.
Answer
Answer: b
29. Natural selection is called ‘survival of the fittest’. Which of the following statements best describes an organism?
(a) How strong it is compared to other individuals of the same species.
(b) How much food and resources it is able to gather for its offspring.
(c) The ability to adapt to the environment in the niche it occupies.
(d) The number of fertiie offspring it has.
Answer
Answer: c
30. Human offspring’s sex is determined
(а) through father’s sex chromosomes.
(b) through mother’s sex chromosomes.
(c) by hormones.
(d) by enzymes.
Answer
Answer: a
Heredity And Evolution MCQ Question 31. Wild cabbage has evolved into new varieties like cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower by
(a) genetic drift
(b) natural selection
(c) reproductive isolation
(d) artificial selection
Answer
Answer: d
32. The fossil remains of Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between
(a) reptiles and mammals
(b) reptiles and bird
(c) fish and amphibian
(d) amphibian and reptile
Answer
Answer: b
33. The maleness of a child is determined by [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) the X chromosome in the zygote
(b) the Y chromosome in zygote
(c) the cytoplasm of germ cell which determines the sex
(d) sex is determined by chance
Answer
Answer: b
34. Some dinosaurs had feathers although they could not fly but birds have feathers that help them to fly. In the context of evolution this means that [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) reptiles have evolved from birds
(b) there is no evolutionary connection between reptiles and birds
(c) feathers are homologous structures in both the organisms
(d) birds have evolved from reptiles.
Answer
Answer: d
Direction (Q35 to Q39): In the following Questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is true.
35. Assertion: When pure breed tall plants are crossed with pure breed short plants, all the plants in F1 progeny are tall. When the tall plants of F1 progeny are crossed, short plants re-appear in F2 progeny.
Reason: Traits are independently inherited.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
36. Assertion: Variation is high in sexually reproducing organisms compared to asexually reproducing organisms.
Reason: Inaccuracies during DN A copying give rise to variation.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Heredity And Evolution MCQ Question 37. Assertion: Acquired trait cannot be passed on from one generation to next generation.
Reason: Inaccuracy during DNA copying of acquired trait is minimum.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
38. Assertion: Human, frog and bird have a common ancestor.
Reason: Limbs of human, bird and frog are homologous.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
39. Assertion: Speciation is the reproductive isolation amongst once interbreeding population.
Reason: Genetic drift, Natural selection and Severe DNA change can cause speciation.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
40. The number of paift(s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is ____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: one
41. The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by ____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Darwin
42. Chromosomes are thread like structures in the nucleus of a cell formed of DNA which carriers the ____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: genes
43. ____________ genes are those which decide the appearance of an organism only in the presence of another identical gene.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Recessive
MCQ of Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Question 44. ____________ is the description of genes present in an organism.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Genotype
45. Genes always work in ____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: pair
46. The cut tail of an mice is an ____________ trait.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: acquired
47. involution led to tne tormation or a new ____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: species
48. ____________ was the British scientist who proposed that life must have developed
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: J.B.S Haldane
49. Acquired variations in somatic traits are not passed from generation to generation. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
50. Human height is a trait which shows variations. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
51. Variation decreases the chances of survival of an organism in a changing environment. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: False
52. Genes controls the development of inherited characterstics such as hair colour, skin colour, etc. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
MCQ Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Question 53. The theory of origin of life on earth proposed by haldane was confirmed by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C Urey. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
Direction: Match Column I with Column II.
54.
Column I | Column II |
(i) Variation | (A) Reproductive isolation among once inter-breeding population. |
(ii) Heredity | (B) Difference in individuals of a species. |
(iii) Evolution | (C) Gradual changes to give rise to new species. |
(iv) Speciation | (D) Transmission of traits from parents to offsprings. |
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(i) (B)
(ii) (D)
(iii) (C)
(iv) (A)
55. Define vanation. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Variation is defined as the differences in the characters or traits among the individuals of a species.
56. All the variationsin a species do not have equal chances of survival. Why? [Foreign 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
All the variations do not have equal chances of survival as some variations might not be beneficial and would ultimately be eliminated.
Multiple Choice Questions On Heredity And Evolution Question 57. Why variations are more in human beings?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Because human being reproduce sexually and variation are more in sexually reproducing organisms.
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Cbse MCQ Question 58. Name two human traits which show variation. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(i) Colours of eye
(ii) Height
59. What is a gene? [HOTS, DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Gene is the unit of inheritance. It is the part of a chromosome which controls the appearance of a set of hereditary characters.
60. Name the branch of science that deals with heredity and variation. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Genetics
61. Name the genetic material that is responsible for inheritance of traits [Foreign 2013]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Gene.
62. Where are genes located? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Genes are located on DNA present in chromosomes.
63. Who is the father of Genetics? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Gregor Johann Mendel is the father of genetics.
64. Define genetic drift.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
The change in the frequency of certain genes in a population over generations.
65. What is DNA? [Delhi 2016]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a molecule which carry the hereditary characters or traits in a coded form from one generation to the next in all the organisms.
66. No two individuals are absolutely alike in a population. Why? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is because of the variations which take place during DNA copying.
67. Why do mice whose tails were surgically removed just after birth for generations, continue to produce mice with tails? [Foreign 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Because cutting of tail is an acquired trait and is not inherited.
68. What is monohybrid cross? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
The cross between two individuals with one pair of contrasting characters is called monohybrid cross.
69. Why is the progeny always tall when a tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant? [Foreign 2014]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Some genes are dominant and others are recessive. Tallness is a dominant trait and hence the progeny is always tall when crossed with a short plant.
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 MCQs Question 70. A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding pea plants bearing violet flowers with pea plants bearing white flowers. What will be the result in F1 progeny? [CBSE 2018]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
All plants in Fj generation will bear violet flowers.
71. Write the scientific name of men and garden pea. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Men- Homo sapiens Garden pea- Pisum sativum
72. Where did life originate on earth?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Life originated in the sea water.
73. Name the scientist who said life originated from inanimate matter.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: J.R.S. Haldane.
74. Name any two organisms which are now extinct and are studied from their fossils.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Ammonite, trilobite, knightia and Rajasaurus. (any two)
75. Give as example where sex determination is regulated hy invironmental factors.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
In snail, sex is determined by environmental factors such as temperature.
76. What is Heredity?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It refers to the transmission of characters or traits from the parent to their offspring.
77. What determines the sex of a child?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Whether a child inherits X chromosome or Y chromosome from father determines the sex of the child.
78. What is evolution?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Formation of new species due to gradual change over a long period of time.
79. What do you mean by speciation?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Evolution of reproductive isolation among once interbreeding population.
80. How can you determine evolutionary relationship?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
By comparing DNA of different species.
80. Both birds and bat have wings. What name is given to this relationship?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Analogous organs.
82. What do you call the organs having same design but different function?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Homologous organs.
83. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in speciation of sexually reproducing animals? How?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Yes, because it interrupts the flow of genes between their isolated populations through the gametes.
Heredity And Evolution Class 10 Objective Question 84. The human hand, cat paw and the horse foot, when studied in detail show the same structure of bones and point towards a common origin.
(i) What do you conclude from this?
(ii) What is the term given to such structures? [HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(i) In course of evolutions they have been modified to perform different functions.
(ii) Homologous organs.
85. Name the scientist who proposed the theory of evolution.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Charles Darwin.
86. Give one characteristic to show that birds are closely related to dinosaurs.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Presence of feathers on birds.
87. Is it necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestor?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Yes, it is necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestor in order to carry out the different activities. Otherwise there cannot be any similarity in basic plan, internal structure, development or origin.
88. Name five varieties of vegetables which have been produced from ‘wild cabbage’ by the process of artificial selection. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Vegetables like cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kohlrabi and kale are formed from artificial selection.
89. Name the ancestor of brocoli, kale and cabbage.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Wild cabbage.
MCQ On Heredity And Evolution For Class 10 Question 90. Name the place where human species have genetic roots.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Africa.
91. Explain the term analogous with examples.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Analogous organs are those organs which have different basic structural designs and developmental origins but have similar appearance and perform similar functions.
Examples: Wings of an insect and wings of a bat.
Class 10 Science Heredity And Evolution MCQ Question 92. Explain the term homologous with examples.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Homologous organs are those organs which have the same basic structural design and developmental origin but have different functions and appearance.
Examples: Forelimbs of frog and forelimbs of human.
Fill in the Blanks
1. The study of the pattern of chromosomes from parents to the offspring is called ……….. .
2. The wings of a bird and mosquito are ……….. organs.
3. In Mendel’s experiment, the trait which did not appear in the F1 generation was said to be …………. .
4. The number of X chromosomes in a human ovum is ……….. .
5. ……….. proposed the “Theory of Natural Selection”.
6. If a sperm carrying ‘X’ chromosome fertilises an ovum, then the child bom will be a ……….. .
7. The process by which new species develop from the existing species is known as ……….. .
8. Transitional fossils like ……….. is a connecting link between reptiles and birds.
Answers
1. Heredity
2. analogous
3. recessive
4. two
5. Charles Darwin
6. girl
7. speciation
8. Archaeopteryx
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