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Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 3 Metals and Non-Metals
1. Aluminium is used for making cooking uten¬sils. Which of the following properties of alu¬minium are responsible for the same?
(i) Good thermal conductivity
(ii) Good electrical conductivity
(iii) Ductility
(iv) High melting point
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: d
2. The most abundant metal in the earth’s crust is
(a) Iron
(b) Aluminium
(c) Calcium
(d) Sodium
Answer
Answer: b
3. The poorest conductor of heat among metals is
(a) Lead
(b) Mercury
(c) Calcium
(d) Sodium
Answer
Answer: a
4. Which property of metals is used for making bells and strings of musical instruments like Sitar and Violin?
(a) Sonorousness
(b) Malleability
(c) Ductility
(d) Conductivity
Answer
Answer: a
5. Al2O3 + 2NaOH → …… + H2O
(a) Al(OH)3
(b) Na2O
(c) NaAlO2
(d) AlNaO2
Answer
Answer: c
6. Which of the following is the correct arrange-ment of the given metals in ascending order of their reactivity?
Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium
(a) Zinc > Iron > Magnesium > Sodium
(b) Sodium > Magnesium > Iron > Zinc
(c) Sodium > Zinc > Magnesium > Iron
(d) Sodium > Magnesium > Zinc > Iron
Answer
Answer: d
7. Which of the following pairs will give dis-placement reactions?
(a) FeSO4 solution and Copper metal
(b) AgNO3 solution and Copper metal
(c) CuSO4 solution and Silver metal
(d) NaCl solution and Copper metal
Answer
Answer: b
8. Non-metals form covalent chlorides because
(a) they can give electrons to chlorine
(b) they can share electrons with chlorine
(c) they can give electrons to chlorine atoms to form chloride ions
(d) they cannot share electrons with chlorine atoms
Answer
Answer: b
9. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam?
(a) FeO
(b) Fe2O3
(c) Fe3O4
(d) Fe2O3 and Fe2O4
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c
Explaination: Reason: 3Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
10. Which of tire following are not ionic compounds?
(i) KCl
(ii) HCl
(iii) CCl4
(iv) NaCl
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Answer
Answer: b
11. The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are as follows:
X = 2, 4, Y = 2, 7, Z = 2,1 Which two elements will combine to form an ionic compound and write the correct formula,
(a) X2Y
(b) YZ
(c) XZ3</sub
(d) Y2Z
Answer
Answer: b
12. The highly reactive metals like Sodium, Potas-sium, Magnesium, etc. are extracted by the
(a) electrolysis of their molten chloride
(b) electrolysis of their molten oxides
(c) reduction by aluminium
(d) reduction by carbon
Answer
Answer: a
13. Which of the following non-metal is lustrous?
(a) Sulphur
(b) Oxygen
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Iodine
Answer
Answer: d
14. Example of an amphoteric oxide is:
(a) Na2O
(b) K2O
(C) Al2O3
(d) MgO
Answer
Answer: c
15. Which one among the following is an acidic oxide?
(a) Na2O
(b) CO
(c) CO2
(d) Al2O3
Answer
Answer: c
16. The atomic number of an element ‘X’ is 12. Which inert gas is nearest to X?
(a) He
(b) Ar
(c) Ne
(d) Kr
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c
Explaination: Reason: ‘X’ is Magnesium and Argon (Ar) with atomic number 12 is the closest inert gas to it.
17, The process in which a carbonate ore is heated strongly in the absence of air to convert it into metal oxide is called
(a) Roasting
(b) Reduction
(c) Calcination
(d) Smelting
Answer
Answer: c
18. Oxides of moderately reactive metals like Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Tin, Copper etc. are reduced by using
(a) Aluminium as reducing agent
(b) Sodium as reducing agent
(c) Carbon as reducing agent
(d) Calcium as reducing agent
Answer
Answer: c
19. In thermite welding a mixture of …… and …… is ignited with a burning magnesium ribbon which produces molten iron metal as large amount of heat is evolved.
(a) iron (III) oxide and aluminium powder
(b) iron (II) oxide and aluminium powder
(c) iron (III) chloride and aluminium powder
(d) iron (III) sulphate and aluminium powder
Answer
Answer: a
20. Galvanisation is a method of protecting iron from rudftng by coating with a thin layer of
(a) Galium
(b) Aluminium
(c) Zinc
(d) Silver
Answer
Answer: c
21. An element X is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identify the element from the following
(a) Mg
(b) Na
(c) P
(d) Ca
Answer
Answer: b
22. Reaction between X and Y forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by Z?
(a) Has high melting point
(b) Has low melting point
(c) Conducts electricity in molten state
(d) Occurs as solid
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c
Explaination: Reason: Z is an ionic compound. It has a high melting point.
23. The electronic configurations of three ele¬ments X, Y and Z are X — 2, 8; Y — 2, 8, 7 and Z — 2, 8, 2. Which’of the following is correct?
(a) X is a metal
(b) Y is a metal
(c) Z is a non-metal
(d) Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal
Answer/ Explanation
Answer: c
Explaination: Reason: According to the electronic configuration, Y is Chlorine and Z is Magnesium.
24. Amalgam is an alloy of
(a) Copper and Tin
(b) Mercury
(c) Lead and Tin
(d) Copper and Zinc
Answer
Answer: b
25. Copper objects lose their shine and form green coating of
(a) Copper oxide
(b) Copper hydroxide and Copper oxide
(c) Basic Copper carbonate
(d) Copper carbonate
Answer
Answer: c
26. The lightest liquid metal is
(a) Hg
(b) Ga
(c) Cs
(d) Fr
Answer
Answer: c
27. Which of the statements about the reaction,
ZnO + CO → Zn + CO2 is correct ?
(a) ZnO is being oxidised
(b) CO is being reduced
(c) CO2 is being oxidised
(d) ZnO is being reduced
Answer
Answer: d
28. The most abundant element in the universe is
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Helium
(c) Carbon
(d) Oxygen
Answer
Answer: a
29. In extraction of copper, the flux used is
(a) CaO
(b) SiO2
(c) FeO
(d) FeSiO3
Answer
Answer: b
30. Cu2S + 3Cu2O → 6Cu + SO2 The above process is
(a) auto-reduction
(b) chemical reduction
(c) electrolytic reduction
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: a
31. Which of the following represent mercury (I) ion correctly ?
(a) Hg+
(b) Hg2+
(c) Hg22+
(d) Hg
Answer
Answer: c
32. Bauxite is mixed with cryolite so as to
(i) reduce its melting point
(ii) increase its electrical conductivity
(iii) molten cryolite acts as solvent
(iv) increase its melting point
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (i)
Answer
Answer: a
33. Which of the following is purest form of carbon?
(a) Diamond
(b) Graphite
(c) Fullerene
(d) Charcoal
Answer
Answer: c
34. An element ‘X’ is yellow coloured solid, insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide. It has low melting point 114.5°C. It boils at 445°C and it bums with pale blue flame forming pungent smelling gas ‘Y’ which turns moist blue litmus red and finally colourless. ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are
(a) C, CO2
(b) N, NO2
(c) S, SO2
(d) I2, I2O5
Answer
Answer: c
35. In electrolytic refining of copper, the electrolyte used is
(a) CuO
(b) Cu(OH)2
(c) Acidified CuSO4(aq)
(d) CuSO4(s)
Answer
Answer: c
36. Which of the following ore is concentrated by Froth floatation process ?
(a) ZnCO3
(b) ZnO
(c) ZnS
(d) Na2S
Answer
Answer: c
37. Which of the following metals liberate hydrogen with 5% HNO3 ?
(i) Cu
(ii) Zn
(iii) Mn
(iv) Mg
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: c
38. Which one of the following metals do not react with cold as well as hot water? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Na
(b) Ca
(c) Mg
(d) Fe
Answer
Answer: d
39. Which of the following oxide(s) of iron would be obtained on prolonged reaction of iron with steam? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) FeO
(b) Fe2O3
(c) Fe3O4
(d) Fe2O3 and Fe3O4
Answer
Answer: c
40. Generally metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen gas. Which of the following acids does not give hydrogen gas on reacting with metals (except Mn and Mg) ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) H2SO4
(b) HCl
(c) HNO3
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: c
41. Which of the following are not ionic compounds? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(i) KCl
(ii) HCl
(iii) CCl4
(iv) NaCl
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Answer
Answer: b
42. Which of the following metals exist in their native state in nature ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(i) Cu
(ii) Au
(iii) Zn
(iv) Ag
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: c
43. Metals are refined by using different methods. Which of the following metals are refined by electrolytic refining ?
(i) Au
(ii) Cu
(iii) Na
(iv) K
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: a
44. Generally, metals are solid in nature. Which one of the following metals is found in liquid state at room temperature ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Na
(b) Fe
(c) Cr
(d) Hg
Answer
Answer: d
45. Which of the following metals are obtained by electrolysis of their chlorides in molten state ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(i) Na
(ii) Ca
(iii) Fe
(iv) Cu
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer
Answer: d
46. Which one of the following four metals would be displaced from the solution of its salts by other three metals ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Mg
(b) Ag
(c) Zn
(d) Cu
Answer
Answer: b
47. 2 mL each of concentrated HCl, HNO3 and a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO3 in the ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes labelled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal was put in each test tube. No change occurred in test tubes A and B but the metal got dissolved in test tube C respectively. The metal could be [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Al
(b) Au
(c) Cu
(d) Ag
Answer
Answer: b
48. An electrolytic cell consists of [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(i) positively charged cathode
(ii) negatively charged anode
(iii) positively charged anode
(iv) negatively charged cathode
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer
Answer: b
49. An element A is soft and can be cut with a knife. This is very reactive to air and cannot be kept open in air. It reacts vigorously with water. Identity the element from the following [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Mg
(b) Na
(c) P
(d) Ca
Answer
Answer: b
50. Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of a metal with a metal or non-metal. Which among the following alloys contain non-metal as one of its constituents? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Brass
(b) Bronze
(c) Amalgam
(d) Steel
Answer
Answer: d
51. Which among the following alloys contain mercury as one of its constituents? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Stainless steel
(b) Alnico
(c) Solder
(d) Zinc amalgam
Answer
Answer: d
52. Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the following properties is not shown by Z ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Has high melting point
(b) Has low melting point
(c) Conducts electricity in molten state
(d) Occurs as solid
Answer
Answer: b
53. The electronic configurations of three elements X, Y and Z are X —2, 8; Y — 2, 8, 7 and Z — 2, 8, 2. Which of the following is correct ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) X is a metal
(b) Y is a metal
(c) Z is a non-metal
(d) Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal
Answer
Answer: d
54. Although metals form basic oxides, which of the following metals form an amphoteric oxide ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) Na
(b) Ca
(c) Al
(d) Cu
Answer
Answer: c
55. Which of the following can undergo a chemical reaction ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
(a) MgSO4 + Fe
(b) ZnSO4 + Fe
(c) MgSO4 + Pb
(d) CuSO4 + Fe
Answer
Answer: d
56. Which one of the following figures correctly describes the process of electrolytic refining ? [NCERT Exemplar Problems]
Answer
Answer: c
Direction (Q57 to Q61): In the following Questions, the Assertion and Reason have been put forward. Read the statements carefully and choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason is true.
57. Assertion: Al2O3, is an amphoteric oxide.
Reason: Al2O3 reacts with acid as well as base to form salt and water.
Answer/Explanation
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
58. Assertion: Nitrogen is a non-metal.
Reason: Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons.
Answer/Explanation
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
59. Assertion: Copper does not reacts with the H2SO4.
Reason: Copper is more reactive than hydrogen
Answer/Explanation
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
60. Assertion: Highly reactive metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction of their molten ore.
Reason: Highly reactive metals can be extracted by chemical reduction.
Answer/Explanation
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
61. Assertion: Silver becomes black in colour when exposed to atmosphere.
Reason: Silver reacts with H^S gas to form Ag,S which is black in colour.
Answer/Explanation
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
62. Cinnabar is an ore of _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: mercury
63. The most abundant metal in earth crust is _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Aluminium
64. The formula of calcium nitride is _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Ca3N2
65. If copper is kept open in air, it slowly loses its shining brown surface and gains a green coating. It is due to the formation of _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: CuCO3
66. During electrolytic refining of zinc, it gets deposited on _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: cathode
67. Only one metals, _____________ is in liquid state at the room temperature.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: mercury
68. _____________ and _____________ can be easily cut with knife.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: sodium, pottassium
69. Metal reacts with water to give _____________ and hydrogen gas.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: metal hydroxide
70. _____________ is a non-metal which is lustrous.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Iodine
71. _____________ is a non-metal which has a very high melting and boiling point.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Diamond
72. The corrosion of iron is called _____________ .
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: rusting
73. When a strip of copper metal is placed in iron(II) sulphate solution, then red-brown copper metal is formed. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: False
74. When zinc is added to a solution of iron (II) sulphate, then the greenish colour of iron sulphate solution fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc sulphate solution and iron is deposited on zinc. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
75. A negatively charged ion is known as cation. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: False
76. The electronic configuration of a sodiumion is the same as that of the nearest inert gas helium. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: False
77. Haematite is an ore of copper. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: False
78. The widely used method for refining impure metal is electrolytic refining. [True/False]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: True
Direction: Match Column I with Column II.
79.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Sodium | (A) forms black oxide |
| (ii) Copper | (B) forms black metal sulphide |
| (iii) Silver | (C) occurs in free state |
| (iv) Gold | (D) reacts explosively with cold water |
| (v) Zinc | (E) used in galvanisation |
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(i) (D)
(ii) (A)
(iii) (B)
(iv) (C)
(v) (E)
80. What are metal?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Those elements which can lose electrons easily and form positive ions. They are mostly solids, possess high density.
81. Name the metal which reacts with a very dilute HNO3 to evolve hydrogen gas. [CBSE 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Magnesium.
82. What is electrical conductance?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is the property due to which electric current can pass through the metal. It is due to presence of free electrons or mobile electrons, e.g. copper, silver, gold, aluminium are good conductors of electricity.
83. What do you mean by Thermal Conductivity?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is the property due to which metals can conduct heat e.g. copper, silver, aluminium, gold, and iron are good conductors of heat.
84. What is metallic lustre?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Most of metals have shiny surface i.e. they show metallic lustre e.g. Au, Ag, Pt are lustrous.
85. Name any one metal which reacts neither with cold water nor with hot water, but reacts with heated steam to produce hydrogen gas.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Iron; 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
86. Arrange the following metals in the decreasing order of reactivity:
Na, K, Cu, Ag
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: K > Na > Cu > Ag
87. Metals generally occur in solid state. Name and write symbol of a metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Mercury(Hg) exists in liquid state at room temperature.
88. Name two metals that are soft and can be cut with knife. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Na (Sodium) and K (Potassium)
89. Which of the following two metals will melt at body temperature (37 °C)? Gallium, Magnesium, Caesium, Aluminium
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Gallium and Caesium
90. How many valence electrons do metals have?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
They have 1 to 3 valence electrons.
91. Why are metals lustrous?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
They absorb light and radiate a part of it.
92. Name the property due to which metal produces sound?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Sonorous
93. Reaction of metal with dilute acid is exothermic or endothermic process?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Exothermic process.
94. A non-metal X exists in two different forms Y and Z. Y is the hardest natural substance, whereas Z is a good conductor of electricity. Identify X, Y and Z. [CBSE 2011, HOTS]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
‘X’ is carbon, ‘Y’ is diamond as it is the hardest natural substance and ‘Z’ is graphite as it is good conductor of electricity.
95. Which metal does not react with water at all? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Copper because it is less reactive than hydrogen.
96. Why do we use copper and aluminium wire for transmission of electric current? [CBSE 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is because copper and A1 are good conductor of electricity and ductile, i.e. drawn into wires easily.
97. Which gas is liberated when a metal reacts with an acid? How will you test the presence of this gas? [CBSE 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Hydrogen gas is formed. Bring a burning matchstick near to it, H2 will bum explosively with ‘pop’ sound.
98. When metal reacts with nitric acid, H2 is not evolved why?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
HNO3 is good oxidising agent, therefore, it oxidises H2 to H2O and itself gets reduced to N2O, NO and NO2 depending upon concentration of acids.
99. Why does calcium float in water? [CBSE 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is because hydrogen gas is formed which sticks to surface of calcium, therefore it floats.
100. From amongst the metals sodium, calcium, aluminium, copper and magnesium, name the metal
(a) which reacts with water only on boiling, and
(b) another which does not react even with steam.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Magnesium reacts with water only on boiling.
(b) Copper does not react even with steam.
101. What are non-metals?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Those elements which can gain electrons easily.
102. In which physical state non-metals are found?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation: Solid, liquid, gas.
103. Why are non-metals brittle?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
It is due to weak forces of attraction.
104. Name a non-metal which is lustrous and a metal which is non-lustrous. [CBSE 2011]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Iodine is a non-metal which is lustrous, lead is a non-lustrous metal.
105. Why are electrical wires covered with PVC? [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
PVC acts as insulator, therefore, electric wires are coated with plastic so that we do not get electric shock on touching wires.
106. Give most suitable word for the following statements:
(a) Metal oxides which show acidic as well as basic behaviour.
(b) Iodine, a shining non-metal. [CBSE 2015]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) Amphoteric
(b) Lustrous
107. Name one metal and one non-metal in liquid state at room temperature. [CBSE 2013]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Mercury is a liquid metal and bromine is liquid non-metal.
108. Name the ion made by non-metals: Cations/anion. [DoE]
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Anions (negative ions) because non-metals can gain electrons easily.
109. An element forms an oxide, A2O3 which is acidic in nature. Identify A as a metal or non-metal.
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
‘A’ is non-metal as non-metallic oxides are acidic in nature.
110. Copper does not react with dil. HCl and dil. H2SO4 why?
Answer/Explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Because it is less reactive than hydrogen.
Fill in the blanks
1. Elements can be classified as ……… and ……. .
2. Two examples of metals which are poor conductors of heat are ………, ……… .
3. Two metals which melt when kept on the palm are ………, ……… .
4. A non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity is ……… .
5. Metals can form positive ions by ……… .
6. A non-metal which is lustrous is ……… .
7. A metal which burns in air with a dazzling white flame is ……… .
8. Metals above hydrogen in the activity series can displace ……… from dilute acids.
9. The extraction of metals from their ores and then refining them for use is known as ……… .
10. ……… is an allotroph of carbon and is the hardest natural substance.
11. Metals which are so soft that they can be cut with a knife are ………, ………
12. Metal oxides ……… and ……… dissolve in water to form alkalis.
Answers
1. metals, non-metals
2. Lead, Mercury
3. Gallium, Caesium
4. Graphite
5. losing electrons
6. Iodine
7. Magnesium
8. Hydrogen
9. metallurgy
10. Diamond
11. Sodium, Potassium
12. Sodium Oxide and Potassium oxide
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